Recurring concern

Uncontrolled fire escalation risks from polyurethane materials in consumer products

Pin Get email alerts Request correction

First reported 5 Nov 2014•Latest report 21 Jul 2017

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes consumer products containing polyurethane coatings, insulation or comparable polyurethane components where the material is identified as contributing to rapid or severe fire development, or where dedicated design, material-selection or ignition-protection controls are inadequate.

Not included

  • Excludes generic product fire hazards where polyurethane is not a material part of the asserted unsafe condition.
  • Excludes ordinary fire-safety, detection, evacuation and emergency-response failures that do not concern polyurethane material behaviour or ignition protection.
  • Excludes workplace, building and industrial polyurethane hazards unless the assertion concerns a comparable consumer-product fire-hazard control.
  • Excludes the broader product-warning or recall processes unless the specific deficiency is the control of polyurethane-related fire escalation risk.
  • Excludes product-specific defects with no identified contribution by polyurethane to fire development or intensity.
Reports
2

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
2

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2017

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
3

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Arjo UK Limited1
Association of British Insurers1
Beko PLC1
British Retail Consortium1
British Standards Institution1
Care Quality Commission1
Chartered Trading Standards Institute1
Department for Business, Innovation & Skills1
Department of Health and Social Care1
Homecare Association Limited1
Institution of Fire Engineers1
Locala Community Partnerships C.I.C.1
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency1
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government1
National Fire Chiefs Council1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. West Yorkshire (West)

    AI-generated summary

    Pauline Taylor · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Pauline Taylor, who was bedbound and living alone, died in her home after a fire developed around her bed on 30 May 2015. The report identified concerns about the fire risks of low-paraffin emollient creams, limited warnings and awareness of those risks, the contribution of the airflow mattress, and the absence of a further risk assessment after her circumstances changed.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Fire escalation hazard from polyurethane coating on Nimbus 6 airflow mattress coverings

    Wider context from the report

    “(7) The polyurethane coating used in the outer covering of the nimbus 6 airflow mattress appears to have contributed to the speed of the fires development and also its intensity. ”

    Source location

    Pauline Taylor · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ask manufacturers and notified bodies to review products and undertake relevant fire-risk assessments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In Spring 2017 MHRA wrote to UK manufacturers of Class I medical devices (the lowest risk category) directly and asked them to undertake a review of their products. In addition, we asked the UK Notified Bodies to ensure that a review and risk assessment was undertaken by manufacturers of higher risk classification medical devices.”

    Source location

    2017-0330-Response-by-MHRA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 July 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The mattress system’s therapeutic benefits generally outweigh fire risks, which are mitigated by labelling and instructions against smoking or naked flames.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The therapeutic benefits of the mattress system will generally have been found to outweigh the likelihood and consequences of a fire, in part mitigated by the labelling and instructions for use, advising against smoking or using naked flames whilst in bed.”

    Source location

    2017-0330-Response-by-MHRA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 July 2017

    Open published response
  2. North London

    AI-generated summary

    Santosh Benjamin Muthiah · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Santosh Benjamin Muthiah died after a fire spread through his home while he and his family were sleeping, with the medical cause recorded as cerebral anoxia due to inhalation of fire fumes. The report raised concerns about the identification and communication of appliance-fire information, risks from recalled and second-hand refrigeration appliances, product safety risk assessments, guidance and notification practices, and the construction and components of refrigeration appliances, including capacitors.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of requirements to isolate or protect refrigeration-appliance insulation from ignition

    Wider context from the report

    “20. I heard evidence from the LFB witnesses who gave evidence concerning the inherent risks that refrigeration appliances present due to their construction. The polyurethane insulation material used in most refrigeration appliances represents a high fuel load, is highly flammable and when on fire burns to create dangerous gases. 21. There is no legal requirement or industry standard that this insulation material is isolated from or protected from ignition by a failure in another component within the appliance, which represent a risk of ignition, such as the compressor, capacitor or ancillary components. This represents a serious risk to the safety of consumers. ”

    Source location

    Santosh Benjamin Muthiah · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Prepare and advance an international standards proposal addressing refrigeration-appliance construction and fire safety concerns.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “████████ the Technical Manager on Refrigeration within AMDEA, together with industry safety specialists prepared a basic proposal for change to the international standard IEC 60335-2-24 to cover these points. This work arose because of a previous fire incident. This proposal was placed before the BSI committee CPL61 and, was accepted as a UK proposal for change at international level in 2014.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-AMDEA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Progress a proposal requiring flame-retardant coverings over foam insulation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “(37) Regarding the matter of protecting foam insulation from the risk of ignition, the UK has put in a proposal on this to the International committee IEC SC 61C and in November 2014 this was agreed to be progressed to a Formal Vote. The proposal requires a flame retardant covering to be put over foam insulation. We believe that if this proposal is accepted internationally and in the EN then item 37 will be resolved. Relevant text from the UK delegate’s report from this meeting is attached to this letter.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continued use of highly flammable insulation in refrigeration appliances, with slight containment material changes, is considered satisfactory because it meets Ecodesign performance requirements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “With regard to point 39 the insulation material used in refrigeration appliances: whilst this is highly flammable it has been successfully used for at least 30 years and is currently the only way to meet the performance requirements of the Ecodesign Regulation as part of the industry’s commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We believe that their continued use, with slight changes in the materials used to contain them, will be satisfactory.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-AMDEA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The high fuel load from polyurethane insulation is necessary to achieve the performance required by the Eco-design Directive.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Item 36) The high fuel load from the polyurethane insulation material is necessary to achieve the high level of performance required by the Eco-design Directive.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Changing the relevant British Standards requires international or European committee proposals and formal voting, so BSI cannot determine the outcome unilaterally.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As you will be aware these are British Standards which are based on European harmonized standards which are in turn based upon International IEC standards. Any change we wish to make to the British Standard must be submitted by way of a proposal to the International Committee and/or the European Committee and is then subject to formal voting procedures.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Changing standards and manufacturers’ designs will take time, limiting the speed of any resulting safety improvements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We trust that the above demonstrates that where possible BSI is taking on board the recommendations contained in the Coroner’s report but we have to advise that we cannot guarantee that our position will prevail at international level. Additionally, it is important to be aware that the whole process of changing the standard and manufacturers changing their designs will take some time. Finally, changing the standard will not eradicate the problem which might exist with products already in use.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Changing the standards will not eradicate risks from products already in use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We trust that the above demonstrates that where possible BSI is taking on board the recommendations contained in the Coroner’s report but we have to advise that we cannot guarantee that our position will prevail at international level. Additionally, it is important to be aware that the whole process of changing the standard and manufacturers changing their designs will take some time. Finally, changing the standard will not eradicate the problem which might exist with products already in use.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response
Back to top

Data last updated 7 September 2026