Recurring concern

Unreliable urgent mental health referral and assessment pathways

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First reported 21 Nov 2013•Latest report 4 Mar 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes delayed, inconsistent, inaccessible or poorly coordinated urgent and out-of-hours referrals for specialist mental-health assessment.

Not included

  • Excludes routine non-urgent appointments and follow-up.
  • Excludes failures within a separately named crisis, liaison or home-treatment service unless the urgent referral and assessment pathway is itself deficient.
Reports
36

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
40

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2013–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
68

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care5
Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust4
Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust4
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust4
NHS England3
South West London and St George'S Mental Health NHS Trust2
Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust2
Black Country Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust1
Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
Bloomfield Medical Centre1
CRG Medical Services1
Cricket Green Medical Practice1
East London NHS Foundation Trust1
General Medical Council1
Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Luke Mervyn WHITELAW · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Luke Mervyn Whitelaw, who was known to mental health services, died by suicide; his body was recovered from the River Thames on 17 March 2023. Before his death, his mental health deteriorated and a referral for urgent psychiatric review following his disclosure that he would accept informal hospital admission was not acted on. Concerns included insufficient consideration of historic and current risks, inadequate documentation and exploration of deterioration, and a lack of reassurance that identified learning points would be addressed.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to act on urgent psychiatric review referrals

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) A verbal referral was made for Mr Whitelaw to be urgently reviewed by a psychiatrist following the appointment on 2 February 2023, but not acted on. ”

    Source location

    Luke Mervyn WHITELAW · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  2. Blackpool and the Fylde

    AI-generated summary

    Marlene McCabe · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Marlene McCabe was unlawfully killed in her own home on 4 September 2019 after being struck repeatedly on the head and face with a doorstop, causing catastrophic injuries. The concerns included urgent mental-health referral processes, inconsistent access to and sharing of mental-health records, the risk of substance misuse obscuring mental-health diagnoses, non-communication of material information, and delayed assessment of apparently intoxicated patients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of clinician understanding of how to make urgent referrals into the PIMHT

    Wider context from the report

    “1) There remains the potential for a lack of understanding amongst clinicians as to how urgent referrals into the PIMHT should be made. ”

    Source location

    Marlene McCabe · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  3. Worcestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Nigel Harper · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Nigel Harper, who had been experiencing severe depression and anxiety and thoughts of self-harm, took an intentional overdose of prescribed sedative and hypnotic medications on 8 July 2022 and died in hospital on 23 July 2022. The report identified a lack of understanding between two NHS Trusts about urgent mental health referrals, resulting in an urgent assessment not being arranged as intended and a continuing risk of similar deaths.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of staff understanding of cross-trust urgent mental health referral procedures

    Wider context from the report

    “(4) I have concluded that the events described above arose out of a lack of understanding between the two NHS Trusts concerned ( Herefordshire & Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust ( HWCT ) and Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Trust ( GHCT ) ) as to how each other’s mental health services are run – otherwise arrangements would have been made for Mr. Harper’s mental health to be assessed urgently, as was intended. (5) If staff at HWCT and GHCT do not understand how to make urgent mental health referrals or requests for urgent mental health assessments to each other, there remains a risk that other deaths may occur in similar circumstances in the future. ”

    Source location

    Nigel Harper · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update the CRT operational policy to define inter-Trust referrals, urgency levels, transfer responsibilities, documentation, and comprehensive information for receiving services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In an attempt to prevent recurrence, we have reviewed/amended our CRT Operational Policy to include a specific section on inter-Trust referrals and transfers of care. In summary, if a patient presented in crisis to out-of-County emergency services/organisations our standard operating procedure has been updated to address this situation, as below:-”

    Source location

    Response from Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Communicate the updated inter-Trust referral and transfer arrangements to staff in the affected services by email.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On receipt of the joint Regulation 28, ████████, Operational Lead for Urgent Care (HWHCT) met with ████████, Deputy Director for Urgent Care Mental Health (GHCT) and ████████, Solicitor (HWHCT). The purpose of this meeting was to take a detailed examination of the circumstances surrounding the communication between both organisations and to work collaboratively on a suitable solution. As a result, changes to local policy have been made (outlined below) and communicated to those staff in the affected services by email dated 18 July 2023.”

    Source location

    Response from Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Meet with the other trust’s senior urgent-care managers and share Crisis Team operational policies to clarify services, referrals and triage.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In terms of improving understanding between the two organisations, I can confirm that senior managers from both trust’s urgent care mental health services have met to discuss this matter in detail and shared each other’s Crisis Teams Operational Policies. These documents describe the purpose and scope of the individual services involved and include detail concerning referral and triage.”

    Source location

    Response from Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 9 June 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Strengthen the Mental Health Liaison Team SOP by defining referral service agreements, intervention timeframes, confirmation emails, assessment and outcome records, and EPR entries.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Our Mental Health Liaison Team has reviewed its SOP and made the following additions under the Discharge section of the document. I enclose a copy for your information and these changes can be seen on Page 17.”

    Source location

    Response from Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 9 June 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share the revised Mental Health Liaison Team SOP changes with all team members through team meetings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This document is currently in draft but will be ratified at the next Mental Health & Learning Disability Inpatient & Urgent Care Governance & Performance meeting on 7 August 2023. In the interim it is being shared with all members of the team via team meetings and, as such, we will be able to evidence that staff are aware of these important changes. Additionally, in six months’ time, we will undertake a dip sample audit of Mental Health Liaison Team referrals to test our practice and ensure that learning has become embedded.”

    Source location

    Response from Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ratify the revised Mental Health Liaison Team SOP at the scheduled governance and performance meeting.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This document is currently in draft but will be ratified at the next Mental Health & Learning Disability Inpatient & Urgent Care Governance & Performance meeting on 7 August 2023. In the interim it is being shared with all members of the team via team meetings and, as such, we will be able to evidence that staff are aware of these important changes. Additionally, in six months’ time, we will undertake a dip sample audit of Mental Health Liaison Team referrals to test our practice and ensure that learning has become embedded.”

    Source location

    Response from Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Undertake a dip-sample audit of Mental Health Liaison Team referrals in six months to test practice and embed learning.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This document is currently in draft but will be ratified at the next Mental Health & Learning Disability Inpatient & Urgent Care Governance & Performance meeting on 7 August 2023. In the interim it is being shared with all members of the team via team meetings and, as such, we will be able to evidence that staff are aware of these important changes. Additionally, in six months’ time, we will undertake a dip sample audit of Mental Health Liaison Team referrals to test our practice and ensure that learning has become embedded.”

    Source location

    Response from Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Trust considers its updated inter-Trust referral system robust and sufficient to prevent recurrence.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In an attempt to prevent recurrence, we have reviewed/amended our CRT Operational Policy to include a specific section on inter-Trust referrals and transfers of care. In summary, if a patient presented in crisis to out-of-County emergency services/organisations our standard operating procedure has been updated to address this situation, as below:-”

    Source location

    Response from Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2023

    Open published response
  4. Birmingham and Solihull

    AI-generated summary

    Carl Robert ELLSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Carl Robert ELLSON was found deceased in a wooded area on 16 July 2022 after sustaining a fatal self-inflicted wound. He had been experiencing anxiety and insomnia and had presented with suicidal ideation shortly before his death. The concerns identified were that GP access to urgent mental health reviews was unclear and unsafe, that patients in crisis were expected to initiate contact with mental health practitioners, and that GPs were not fully aware of how to request an urgent psychiatric review.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to arrange mental health practitioner contact without placing the burden on patients in crisis

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Once contact had been made and a request was made for Dr Ellson to be assessed by the mental health team, the system in place is for the patient to call the mental health practitioner. My concern is that the patient is likely to be in crisis, which is why a referral is being made, and the burden should not be put on them to make the call. ”

    Source location

    Carl Robert ELLSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of GP awareness of how to request urgent psychiatric reviews

    Wider context from the report

    “3. The GP caring for Dr Ellson on 13/07/22 was unaware that she could make a request for a psychiatric review of the patient. The inquest heard how this was not well known by local GPs. My concern is that GPs should be fully aware how to request an urgent psychiatric review for patients. ”

    Source location

    Carl Robert ELLSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use the Medical Leadership Forum to reiterate the urgent referral process and address concerns.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of striving for continuous improvement our Medical Leadership Forum (which includes the ICB, Trust and General Practice) will also take this issue forward, to reiterate the process and ensure any concerns are addressed.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Herefordshire and Worcestershire
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Disseminate information to GPs about urgent psychiatric review routes through direct communications, Teamnet and primary care network meetings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust’s investigation did identify that the GP in this case would have liked to refer directly to a psychiatrist. We understood that they were reassured that the Trust follows the national model. Within our process the patient can see a consultant psychiatrist if they were taken on by the Home Treatment Team, as medical reviews are an integral part of how that team operates. The action from the investigation was therefore to ensure that local GPs were supported and provided with this information going forward. Again, this was achieved by sending all GPs direct communications with a reminder of this information on 31st December 2022. In addition, we have ensured that the relevant information is on Teamnet and also regularly discussed in the local primary care network meetings between GPs and their local mental health teams.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Herefordshire and Worcestershire
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Patients in crisis are not expected to initiate contact; Home Treatment or Crisis Teams contact patients after referral and triage.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We would like to reassure you that a process is in place which does not burden the patient with the responsibility of making a call to initiate engagement with services when in a crisis. In this instance, the patient in this case was not asked by the Home Treatment Team or the Crisis Team to call them at any point. Further, it is never the usual process for a patient to contact Home Treatment following a referral from a GP. The call takers from both the Home Treatment Team and the Crisis Team, who took the call from the SPA on the day in question both state they did not ask the GP to tell the patient to call either team. This is supported by the contemporaneous recording following the conversations.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Herefordshire and Worcestershire
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The established urgent-access process, including Single Point of Access, Home Treatment, Crisis Team and out-of-hours arrangements, is considered sufficient.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust’s current process for enabling urgent access to mental health services is longstanding and we thought well recognised. GPs can contact the Single Point of Access (SPA) who pass the referral on to the relevant/local Home Treatment Team (HTT) who then triage the referral and either allocate themselves or the Crisis Team dependent on risk and clinical presentation. If a call comes through out of hours, it goes straight to the Crisis team which is a 24/7 service.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Herefordshire and Worcestershire
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Home Treatment or Crisis clinicians, rather than GPs, determine and arrange urgent psychiatric medical review following assessment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust follows a national model which allows GPs to refer for an urgent psychiatric assessment in terms of a psycho-social assessment by a Home Treatment or Crisis Clinician, and within that they can provide an opinion that they believe a medical review from a psychiatrist is required. However, the gatekeeping for this, as well as the responsibility to arrange it, falls on the Home Treatment and/or Crisis Clinician completing the subsequent assessment. GPs can also refer to the Neighbourhood Mental Health Team for a review from a psychiatrist although this route is not intended for urgent referrals.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Herefordshire and Worcestershire
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 December 2022

    Open published response
  5. Teesside and Hartlepool

    AI-generated summary

    Dean Ryan CROSSMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 18 June 2019, Dean Ryan Crossman was found hanging after contact with emergency and crisis mental health services following suicidal behaviour the previous evening. The report identifies ongoing concerns about out-of-hours access to second doctors for Mental Health Act assessments and delays in securing private ambulance attendance.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide timely access to second (s.12) doctors out of office hours for MHA assessments

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Evidence was given at the inquest that at the time of Dean’s passing, there were issues accessing second (s.12) doctors out of office hours for the purpose of carrying out a MHA assessment, resulting in delays to MHA assessments being carried out. The EDT explained that since Dean’s passing, a “s.12 Solutions” App has been introduced, and although this had made a significant improvement, issues still exist trying to access a second doctor out of hours, as the EDT is still wholly reliant on second doctors making themselves available after midnight (with no fixed rota). 2. Evidence was given at the inquest that at the time of Dean’s passing, there were issues securing the timely attendance of the private ambulance service (ERS Medical) to transport patients after a MHA assessment had taken place, potentially resulting in an increased risk to both the AMHP and the patient for MHA assessments in the community. The EDT advised that since Dean’s passing, despite spot purchasing of private ambulances being introduced, issues still exist trying to get the private ambulance to attend a MHA assessment in a timely manner. 3. Evidence was given at the inquest that both of the above matters of concern are on-going national issues. ”

    Source location

    Dean Ryan CROSSMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review local availability of section 12 doctors through regional teams and identify further national mitigation for out-of-hours access.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Integrated care systems (ICSs) are partnerships that bring together NHS organisations, local authorities and others to take collective responsibility for planning services, improving health and reducing inequalities across geographical areas. Each local system has responsibility to ensure that the section 12 rota for their area is adequately managed, to ensure 24/7 availability of s.12 doctors. NHS England recognise that, while doctors may indicate their availability for certain times and days on local rotas, this does not obligate them to accept a request to attend and undertake a MHA assessment. The National NHS England Mental Health Team will review this issue via our regional NHSE teams to understand if there are any local areas where this is a particular concern, and if there is anything further that can be done nationally to help mitigate the issues.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 September 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Integrated care systems are responsible for managing local section 12 doctor rotas and ensuring 24/7 availability.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Integrated care systems (ICSs) are partnerships that bring together NHS organisations, local authorities and others to take collective responsibility for planning services, improving health and reducing inequalities across geographical areas. Each local system has responsibility to ensure that the section 12 rota for their area is adequately managed, to ensure 24/7 availability of s.12 doctors. NHS England recognise that, while doctors may indicate their availability for certain times and days on local rotas, this does not obligate them to accept a request to attend and undertake a MHA assessment. The National NHS England Mental Health Team will review this issue via our regional NHSE teams to understand if there are any local areas where this is a particular concern, and if there is anything further that can be done nationally to help mitigate the issues.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 September 2022

    Open published response
  6. Worcestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Colin BLACKBURN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Colin Blackburn died at HMP Hewell on 6 July 2019 after spending 15 days on remand and having been found with a ligature around his neck on three prior occasions. Concerns included multiple accepted failings in the management of his ACCT suicide and self-harm risk, and uncertainty about the correct process for urgent mental-health referrals, particularly at weekends.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of timely urgent TAG referral handling at weekends

    Wider context from the report

    “2) On 4.7.19, a prison officer, who had concerns about a significant deterioration in Mr. Blackburn’s mental state, submitted a paper TAG referral to the Mental Health team at the prison via the internal post. There was a delay in that referral reaching the Mental Team, with the result that it was not opened until after Mr. Blackburn’s death. Had it been opened sooner, the court was told that an urgent mental health assessment would have been carried out. I heard evidence from the Head of Healthcare at the prison that urgent TAG referrals currently are made by email, phone or on paper via internal post. If made late on a Friday or over a weekend, there was no guarantee that the mental health team would pick up the referral until after the weekend; instead, the referral should be made to a member of the healthcare team on duty that weekend, who would then phone Practice Plus Group’s regional on-call manager. I received no assurance that prison staff wanting to make an urgent TAG referral over a weekend knew that this was the process to follow, and heard that there is currently no divert service in place, so that if a member of staff tries to make an urgent referral by phone or email over the weekend, they are redirected to the correct pathway. The paper referral system, which relies upon the internal post at the prison, is still in place although, I am told, it can be stopped. In my view, there remains uncertainty amongst staff at the prison about the right way to make an urgent TAG referral to the mental health team, particularly at weekends. There is a risk therefore that a prisoner whose mental health deteriorates significantly during a weekend may not be properly assessed in time for action to be taken to address any risk of suicide or self-harm which he may present. ”

    Source location

    Colin BLACKBURN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reliance on internal post for urgent TAG referrals

    Wider context from the report

    “2) On 4.7.19, a prison officer, who had concerns about a significant deterioration in Mr. Blackburn’s mental state, submitted a paper TAG referral to the Mental Health team at the prison via the internal post. There was a delay in that referral reaching the Mental Team, with the result that it was not opened until after Mr. Blackburn’s death. Had it been opened sooner, the court was told that an urgent mental health assessment would have been carried out. I heard evidence from the Head of Healthcare at the prison that urgent TAG referrals currently are made by email, phone or on paper via internal post. If made late on a Friday or over a weekend, there was no guarantee that the mental health team would pick up the referral until after the weekend; instead, the referral should be made to a member of the healthcare team on duty that weekend, who would then phone Practice Plus Group’s regional on-call manager. I received no assurance that prison staff wanting to make an urgent TAG referral over a weekend knew that this was the process to follow, and heard that there is currently no divert service in place, so that if a member of staff tries to make an urgent referral by phone or email over the weekend, they are redirected to the correct pathway. The paper referral system, which relies upon the internal post at the prison, is still in place although, I am told, it can be stopped. In my view, there remains uncertainty amongst staff at the prison about the right way to make an urgent TAG referral to the mental health team, particularly at weekends. There is a risk therefore that a prisoner whose mental health deteriorates significantly during a weekend may not be properly assessed in time for action to be taken to address any risk of suicide or self-harm which he may present. ”

    Source location

    Colin BLACKBURN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in reaching and opening urgent TAG referrals

    Wider context from the report

    “2) On 4.7.19, a prison officer, who had concerns about a significant deterioration in Mr. Blackburn’s mental state, submitted a paper TAG referral to the Mental Health team at the prison via the internal post. There was a delay in that referral reaching the Mental Team, with the result that it was not opened until after Mr. Blackburn’s death. Had it been opened sooner, the court was told that an urgent mental health assessment would have been carried out. I heard evidence from the Head of Healthcare at the prison that urgent TAG referrals currently are made by email, phone or on paper via internal post. If made late on a Friday or over a weekend, there was no guarantee that the mental health team would pick up the referral until after the weekend; instead, the referral should be made to a member of the healthcare team on duty that weekend, who would then phone Practice Plus Group’s regional on-call manager. I received no assurance that prison staff wanting to make an urgent TAG referral over a weekend knew that this was the process to follow, and heard that there is currently no divert service in place, so that if a member of staff tries to make an urgent referral by phone or email over the weekend, they are redirected to the correct pathway. The paper referral system, which relies upon the internal post at the prison, is still in place although, I am told, it can be stopped. In my view, there remains uncertainty amongst staff at the prison about the right way to make an urgent TAG referral to the mental health team, particularly at weekends. There is a risk therefore that a prisoner whose mental health deteriorates significantly during a weekend may not be properly assessed in time for action to be taken to address any risk of suicide or self-harm which he may present. ”

    Source location

    Colin BLACKBURN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Add urgent mental health referral routes, service hours and escalation contact details to mental health team email signatures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5. All members of the mental health team have now added the following text to their email signatures:-”

    Source location

    Response from Practice Plus Group
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide and operate an answerphone for urgent referrals when staff lack immediate computer access, with messages logged and forwarded by the administration team.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. As an alternative to the electronic referral route for such times when a prison staff member may not have immediate access to a computer, an answer phone has been purchased for the mental health team and has been in utilisation since 13th October 2021. Whilst those incoming messages will be recorded, the voicemail auto-message will be the same as the generic email out of office response (as above). The email signatures of all members of staff within the mental health team display the generic phone number, which reaches this phone (which now carries a voicemail facility). This ensures that irrespective of whether a member of the mental health team is away from his/her desk, the incoming call will be received by the admin team, for logging and forwarding as appropriate.”

    Source location

    Response from Practice Plus Group
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    End paper TAG referrals and transition referrals to the electronic process.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. The end date for the acceptance of paper referrals is 31st October 2021. From 1st November 2021, paper TAGs (Threshold Assessment Grid)¹ will cease to be an option for referrals to the mental health team. The reason as to why this process could not immediately be stopped is to allow for the transition from paper referrals (and the communication thereof) without incurring the additional risk of patients’ referrals being missed. In this interim period paper TAGs are being accepted by the mental health team, however, the individual who sends the TAG referral is then being asked to provide their email address to which the electronic TAG is being sent along with guidance as to how to use it, for their future reference, beyond 31st October 2021.”

    Source location

    Response from Practice Plus Group
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Specific operational queries about mental health provision at HMP Hewell should be directed to Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Practice Plus Group is the main provider of healthcare services at HMP Hewell. There is a sub-contracting arrangement in place with Midlands Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (‘MPFT’) in respect of the provision of mental health services. The Regulation 28 report was not addressed to MPFT although it has had sight of your report. This response has been prepared with the input of members of staff working for MPFT at HMP Hewell. In the event that there are any further specific operational queries relating to the mental health provision at HMP Hewell, I respectfully request that such queries be directed to MPFT.”

    Source location

    Response from Practice Plus Group
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The paper referral process could not immediately be stopped because transition without communication risked referrals being missed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. The end date for the acceptance of paper referrals is 31st October 2021. From 1st November 2021, paper TAGs (Threshold Assessment Grid)¹ will cease to be an option for referrals to the mental health team. The reason as to why this process could not immediately be stopped is to allow for the transition from paper referrals (and the communication thereof) without incurring the additional risk of patients’ referrals being missed. In this interim period paper TAGs are being accepted by the mental health team, however, the individual who sends the TAG referral is then being asked to provide their email address to which the electronic TAG is being sent along with guidance as to how to use it, for their future reference, beyond 31st October 2021.”

    Source location

    Response from Practice Plus Group
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response
  7. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Zak Miles Joe Walter Paul Farmer · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Zak Miles Joe Walter Paul Farmer, a 23-year-old man, died on 21 July 2019 after being found hanging. Concerns included a lack of clarity about the meaning of “urgent” referrals to the Access and Assessment Team and shortcomings in guidance for community mental health service users disengaging from prescribed treatment plans.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of clarity about the meaning of “urgent” referrals to the Access and Assessment Team

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There appeared to be a lack of clarity over the meaning of the word “urgent” when a referral is made to the Access and Assessment Team and what steps will be taken if a patient cannot be contacted. ”

    Source location

    Zak Miles Joe Walter Paul Farmer · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  8. Inner South London

    AI-generated summary

    Ms Kerry Aldridge · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ms Kerry Aldridge was a student police officer who died by suicide after jumping into the path of a train at Sydenham Railway Station on 6 April 2019. The report raised concerns about the lack of established links between police Safeguarding Teams and NHS mental health teams, and about the need for further mental health training and access to non-urgent advice for officers.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Referral to Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Teams depending on officers' recognition of urgency

    Wider context from the report

    “During the course of the inquest, the local MPS investigation by Directorate of Professional Standards reported the view of the Central Mental Health Team that Sexual Offences Investigation Trained officers require further training in mental health. ████████ the investigating officer, gave evidence that it would be beneficial to have a mental health single point of contact within the local mental health team who could be contacted for non-urgent advice by Safeguarding Teams concerning victims that they are most concerned about. The investigation found no misconduct by officers, who provided a good level of care and support. It appears that the police Safeguarding team have no established links with NHS MH team and that referral to a Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team depends on an officer recognising the need was urgent, which may be a difficult judgment for officers, without professional mental health advice. ”

    Source location

    Ms Kerry Aldridge · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate a 24-hour mental-health advice and support line for the public, police and ambulance service, staffed by mental-health professionals who can initiate rapid joint assessment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “South London & Maudsley NHS Trust has, since 2017, worked in partnership with the Metropolitan Police to provide a crisis and assessment service. The service enables mental health staff to work jointly with metropolitan police officers in the provision of early assessment and intervention. ████████, allocates officers to work within the Crisis and Assessment Team. The service also provides a 24 hour advice and support line to the public, 111 service, the police and London Ambulance Service. The advice line is staffed by mental health professionals who will advise officers and instigate rapid joint assessment if required. This joint arrangement between the police and South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust offers a proactive joint response to the concerns that may face police officers who may have limited knowledge in relation to mental illness.”

    Source location

    2020-0055-Response-from-South-London-and-Maudsley-NHS-Foundation-Redacted
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 March 2020

    Open published response
  9. Black Country

    AI-generated summary

    Ms Safoora Alam · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ms Safoora Alam had complex physical health problems, ongoing pain and mobility issues, and a history of impulsive overdoses and suicidal thoughts. On 28 January 2019, she set fire to her bed and herself, sustained burns to at least 80% of her body, and died later that day. The principal concerns were inconsistent sharing of documentation between agencies, inadequate joint working and information gathering, and a slow and ineffective urgent referral process when risks to her mental health escalated.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Urgent referral mechanisms via safeguarding teams and GPs failing to work effectively

    Wider context from the report

    “4. The Local authority housing officers did recognise the escalating risk in her mental health state but the mechanism for urgent referral via the safeguarding team and GP was a slow and cumbersome process which didn’t work. ”

    Source location

    Ms Safoora Alam · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Create a joint database or protocol containing current service contacts, organisational hierarchies, governance arrangements and escalation processes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The General Manager for Black Country Partnership and the Service Manager for the Local Authority have agreed to set up task and finish groups to look at joint agency protocols in both organizations and review them. Furthermore, they agreed that there should be a joint database or protocol which contains all contacts and services that each organisation provides. This will provide staff with an up to date contact list of services in order to support and promote joint working.”

    Source location

    2019-0426-Response-from-Black-Country-Partnership-NHS-Foundation-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 30 December 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review current joint agency protocols with the Urgent Care Manager and Mental Health Trust.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In order to be assured of the robustness of our joint agency protocols. I can confirm the Service Manager of Social Work and Therapy has made contact with ████████ Urgent Care Manager, Mental Health Trust, and there are plans in place to undertake a review of our current protocols within the next four weeks.”

    Source location

    2019-0426-Response-from-Sandwell-Metropolitan-Borough-Council-Redacted
    Page 2 · response
    Published 30 December 2019

    Open published response
  10. London Inner South

    AI-generated summary

    Name not published · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    The deceased died at St Thomas’s Hospital on 22 November 2017 from brain damage sustained after he hanged himself at home on 20 November 2017. Concerns included changes and prescribing of psychiatric and sedative medication, inadequate clinical records and review of past records, failure to make an urgent psychiatric referral, and uncertainty about the medication found after his death and what he had taken.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide urgent psychiatric referral when clinically needed

    Wider context from the report

    “3. On 5 October 2017 the deceased saw Dr A again. The Zolpidem was swapped to Nitrazepam, a more potent sedative, as the deceased had said that after 2 weeks he had not found the Zolpidem to be effective. Expert evidence adduced at the inquest from ████████ was to the effect that the deceased’s presentation at this point should have triggered a further inquiry into his psychiatric history. ████████ said that he would have contacted the deceased’s home GP. 4. On 19 October 2017 the deceased saw Dr A again. He said he was feeling better on the Duloxetine but was still stressed and anxious and got a few anxiety attacks. Dr A prescribed him Propranolol, Nitrazepam and Xanax. Dr A also prescribed the deceased 6 months’ worth of Duloxetine. ████████ evidence was that it was “most unusual” to prescribe such a large amount of medication (6 months’ worth of Duloxetine) during the initial period where a patient’s medication had been switched and where close monitoring was needed. He opined that the first 6 weeks of the ‘switch’ period were ones in which the patient might get worse before getting better, might get worse and might develop suicidal thoughts. ████████ said that such a volume of medication was not merited clinically and could create a risk of overdose. 5. On 8 and 9 November 2017 the deceased saw Dr B. She made no notes of his presentation or diagnosis on any occasion when she saw him which she accepted she should have done. She also did not note her rationale for changing his medication which again ████████ said should have happened. He also considered that Dr B should have examined the past records for the deceased which she accepted she had not done in full. 6. There are a series of further issues with the medication Dr B prescribed the deceased and her records of the same. The electronic patient notes reflect a prescription for Xanax but she said in evidence that the deceased had not in fact accepted this. She prescribed him Temazepam but this is a controlled drug in this country and cannot be prescribed in the usual way. She changed this to Nitrazepam but the dose was incorrect and this was refused by the pharmacy. The next day she prescribed him Lorazepam without him returning the Nitrazepam prescription to her. She made an error in the dose for Lorazepam and had to correct that. When he attended on 15 November 2017 asking for more medication she made no note of his attendance. 7. ████████ evidence was that the multiple changes to the medication regime made by Dr B were not medically indicated and that the deceased had needed an urgent psychiatric referral. He said this was the case by 8 November 2017. 8. Overall ████████ said his impression was that Dr B did not understand what she was prescribing. 9. I accepted ████████ opinion on the various issues set out above. 10. Large numbers of boxes of medication were found at the deceased’s flat after his death by the police and his family. There remains some uncertainty as to where he obtained all the medication from, and what exactly he had taken and when. ”

    Source location

    Name not published · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026