Recurring concern

Failure to implement protective measures for people at risk of self-harm

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First reported 5 May 2013•Latest report 27 May 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures to identify, arrange, implement or maintain protective measures specifically intended to reduce a person's risk of self-harm, including additional safeguards during increased risk and protective factors addressing access to means or other identified risks.

Not included

  • Excludes generic self-harm or suicide-risk assessment, documentation, communication or escalation failures where no failure to implement a protective measure is identified.
  • Excludes clinical treatment, observation, admission or discharge deficiencies unless they directly concern implementation of a protective measure for self-harm risk.
  • Excludes general safeguarding or care-planning deficiencies without an explicit self-harm protective-measure context.
  • Excludes controls for preventing access to a particular hazard, substance or online content where that specific hazard supplies the more specific supported concern.
Reports
8

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
9

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2013–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
4

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust2
Department of Health and Social Care1
Devon Partnership NHS Trust1
Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust1
Ministry of Defence1
NHS Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly Integrated Care Board1
NHS England1
NHS Kernow Clinical Commissioning Group1
NHS Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland Integrated Care Board1
North East London NHS Foundation Trust1
Springfield University Hospital1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Abigail Louise SMITH · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Abigail Louise Smith was found at Braintree Recreation Ground on 15 February 2022 after attempting to suspend herself; resuscitation was unsuccessful and she was pronounced deceased at 00:08 on 16 February 2022. The report identifies concerns about inadequate trained staffing and observation, unsuitable care arrangements, access to ligature materials, insufficient risk assessments and care plans, communication adjustments for autism and learning disability, and an unsafe discharge from hospital.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain required supervision when staff attend to other patients

    Wider context from the report

    “5. Staff left Abbi unsupervised during the admission to attend to other patients that permitted her to tie ligatures. ”

    Source location

    Abigail Louise SMITH · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement enhanced supervision and engagement policy with risk-level assessment, staffing escalation, supervision handovers, daily review and family or carer involvement.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I understand that the Court has been provided with an updated copy of the Trust’s Policy for Enhanced Supervision and Engagement. This policy strengthens our assessment and guidance for patients requiring enhanced supervision as per the attached tool.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 13 August 2026

    Open published response
  2. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Mr Warren James Green · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mr Warren James Green, who was receiving care in an acute hospital following a serious attempt on his life, died on 20 August 2024 after jumping through a gap in a four-storey stairwell and sustaining a skull fracture and traumatic subdural haemorrhage. The concerns identified included delays in securing a psychiatric bed, inadequate supervision and safeguarding for a patient at high risk of self-harm, patients being able to leave the acute ward without appropriate assessment or staff awareness, and unclear escalation to consultant psychiatric oversight.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure hospital staff know when high-risk patients leave the acute ward

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The evidence identified a risk of patients at high risk of self-harm being able to leave the acute ward without appropriate risk assessment (2) The evidence identified a risk of patients at high risk of self-harm being able to leave the acute ward without the knowledge of the hospital staff The above shows a lacuna in terms of patients’ safety and safeguarding. (3) The evidence showed that the Mental Health Liaison Service relies on nurses to conduct initial assessments and follow up reviews of patients suffering with mental health issues and the mechanism by which escalation to a Consultants Psychiatric is decided and the factors to be taken into account for escalation are not at all clear. This leads to lack of Consultants oversight for these vulnerable patients. ”

    Source location

    Mr Warren James Green · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review and update policies and flowcharts guiding risk assessment and supervision of inpatients at high risk of self-harm.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Response: The Trust has reviewed an updated relevant policies and flowcharts to assist clinical staff with guidance and processes when managing high risk of self-harm patients in an inpatient setting, to ensure the appropriate risk assessments and supervision are put in place to maintain their safety and minimise their ability to leave a ward without staff knowledge or appropriate supervision.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    MSE is responsible for responding to the risk of high-risk self-harm patients leaving the acute ward without hospital staff knowing.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Concern 2) The evidence identified a risk of patients at high risk of self-harm being able to leave the acute ward without the knowledge of the hospital staff”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 January 2026

    Open published response
  3. Berkshire

    AI-generated summary

    Charlie Anthony OWEN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Charlie Anthony Owen was found deceased in his room at Combermere Barracks on 11 September 2023, after previously making and aborting two attempts to end his life in the context of relationship breakdown. The inquest identified concerns about inadequate sharing of risk-management information, insufficient consideration of welfare checks and protective factors on his return to barracks, and gaps in Army training and Vulnerability Risk Management processes.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of VRM case conferences to consider post-return check-ins with soldiers posing a risk of self-harm

    Wider context from the report

    “I heard evidence that the army VRM guidance does not invite those attending case conferences to consider 'checking in' or meeting those assessed as posing a risk of self-harm on return to their unit. In this inquest no consideration was given to this possibility even though Charlie posed an elevated level of risk and had been initially placed under the VRM process whilst at home. This gives rise to a concern that the army does not know where soldiers who pose a risk are and does not facilitate additional support that may be necessary. I accept the evidence I heard that different units will have different requirements but this would not prevent them from giving consideration of this issue. ”

    Source location

    Charlie Anthony OWEN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  4. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Evelina Vilkiene · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Evelina Vilkiene, who was receiving mental health services, was found hanging at her home on 7 June 2022 and was pronounced dead at the scene. The report identified concerns about the absence of detailed risk assessments and jointly agreed risk-management plans during care transitions and when clonazepam was reduced, as well as the lack of subsequent care-coordinator reviews.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to put additional safety measures in place during increased risk to self

    Wider context from the report

    “2. On the 26th May 2022 when a decision was made to wean Evelina from the Clonazepam medication there was no detailed risk assessment or risk management plan. It was agreed in evidence that there was an increased risk to self at this time. No additional steps were put in place to ensure insofar as possible, that Evelina was kept safe. ”

    Source location

    Evelina Vilkiene · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  5. Inner West London

    AI-generated summary

    Rebecca Jane Hursey · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Rebecca Jane Hursey died at St George’s Hospital on 4 May 2018 after taking an aspirin overdose while detained under Section 3 of the Mental Health Act and receiving care on the Avalon Ward. The report identifies concerns about suicidal-risk information not being verbally communicated during handover, observations and searches not mitigating her self-harm risk, and the prolonged failure to find a suitable alternative placement.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to prioritise timely safer placements for patients at high risk of self-harm

    Wider context from the report

    “4. That placements for patients with high risk of self-harm, such as Rebecca are prioritised such that safer placements are found within a timely fashion. ”

    Source location

    Rebecca Jane Hursey · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
  6. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly

    AI-generated summary

    Miriam Roach · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Miriam Roach, who had a history of depression, anxiety, alcohol dependency and self-harm, was discharged from hospital on 30 June 2017 after assessment following an overdose. She died by suicide on 1 July 2017 by hanging. The substantive concerns related to aftercare and the absence of arrangements to contact patients discharged home with moderate to high risks of self-harm or suicide.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to put in place contact arrangements for patients discharged home at moderate to high risk of self-harm or suicide

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Regarding the aftercare or transition arrangements for those discharged from hospital to home with a moderate to high risk of self-harm and/or suicide following incidents of self-harm or suicide. (2) Specifically the obligations for putting in place contact arrangements for such patients. ”

    Source location

    Miriam Roach · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. Exeter and Greater Devon

    AI-generated summary

    Naomi Clare Sourbut · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Naomi Clare Sourbut, who had a history of anxiety, depression, self-harm and bulimia, self-administered an overdose of medication, most probably Venlafaxine, and died after developing hypoxic brain injury. Concerns included whether recommendations from a root cause analysis had been considered and implemented, and whether protective factors were put in place after she reported suicidal intent and access to medication.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to put protective factors in place for individuals with self-harm intent and access to the means

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) In addition where an individual has indicated an intent to cause themselves harm and have advised clinicians they have access to the means to cause that harm then protective factors should be put in place to help reduce the risk of the individual harming themselves in the way they have indicated or otherwise. ”

    Source location

    Naomi Clare Sourbut · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  8. North London

    AI-generated summary

    Roshen Abbas Ladak-Ebrahim · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Roshen Abbas Ladak-Ebrahim, aged 22, was found having hanged himself at home on the evening of 11 October 2012. The report raised concerns about assessing and recording immediate risk of self-harm, ensuring patients at risk were not left alone, and requiring appropriate medical consultation and follow-up when prescribing medication associated with increased self-harm risk.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to prevent patients at risk of self-harm from being left alone

    Wider context from the report

    “Consideration to be given to giving guidance to health care professionals on the steps that should be taken to ensure that a patient is kept safe by those looking after the patient. In particular informing those looking after a patient that the patient should not be left alone where there is a concern that the patient is at risk of harming themselves. Evidence heard at the inquest suggested that there was some confusion over whether this advice would breach a patient's confidentiality. ”

    Source location

    Roshen Abbas Ladak-Ebrahim · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Confusion about confidentiality when providing safety supervision for patients at risk of self-harm

    Wider context from the report

    “Consideration to be given to giving guidance to health care professionals on the steps that should be taken to ensure that a patient is kept safe by those looking after the patient. In particular informing those looking after a patient that the patient should not be left alone where there is a concern that the patient is at risk of harming themselves. Evidence heard at the inquest suggested that there was some confusion over whether this advice would breach a patient's confidentiality. ”

    Source location

    Roshen Abbas Ladak-Ebrahim · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish a consensus statement promoting information sharing to help prevent suicide, within the relevant law.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Turning to confidentiality, there are clearly times when health care professionals, in dealing with a person at risk of suicide, may need to inform the family about aspects of risk to help keep the patient safe. I agree it is crucial that we address any confusion about how information can be shared. That is why the Department of Health is already working with Royal Colleges and professional organisations to agree a consensus statement designed to promote greater sharing of information with the aim of preventing suicide, within the context of the relevant law. We published this on 17 January at:”

    Source location

    2013-0287-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2013

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish supplementary guidance clarifying when confidential information may be disclosed in the public interest.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, the Department of Health published supplementary guidance to the NHS Confidentiality Code of Practice (November 2010, Ref 13912) on disclosing confidential information when there is a public interest justification to do so and makes clear to healthcare professionals when it is appropriate to disclose personal information.”

    Source location

    2013-0287-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 November 2013

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026