Recurring concern

Unsafe implementation of choking-risk prevention measures

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First reported 30 Jul 2014•Latest report 19 Feb 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of controls dedicated to choking-risk prevention or response, including risk recognition, care-record accuracy, implementation of preventative measures, staff competence and application of choking guidance.

Not included

  • Excludes generic delays or failures to implement safety measures where they are not explicitly tied to choking risk.
  • Excludes unrelated clinical, care-planning or emergency-treatment deficiencies.
  • Excludes isolated equipment, staffing or documentation problems unless they directly concern choking-risk prevention or response.
Reports
25

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
31

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
55

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care5
Care Quality Commission3
NHS England3
Department for Education2
Metropolitan Police Service2
Recipient name withheld2
Abbotswood1
Aran Court Care Centre1
Aspray House1
Aspray House Ltd1
Bedfordshire Police1
Boldmere Court Care Home1
Bourne Leisure Limited1
Bupa Care Homes (GL) Limited1
Care Outlook Ltd1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Cristofaro PRIOLO · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Cristofaro Priolo, an 80-year-old man with progressive Alzheimer’s dementia who lived in a nursing home, choked on cauliflower cheese on 25 November 2020 and died. The report identifies concerns that his food was not prepared or fed in accordance with his assessed needs, and that staff failed to provide appropriate first aid, recognise cardiac arrest, and attempt effective CPR.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to prepare food safely for people at risk of choking

    Wider context from the report

    “A BUPA internal investigation has already taken place and identified some learning points. However, there are matters outstanding around training and audit. Obviously, the cauliflower for Mr Priolo should have been prepared properly for him by the catering staff, but quite apart from that, Mr Priolo’s carers were never assessed when they were feeding him. Whilst the carer who was feeding him when he choked knew that he needed small, soft mouthfuls that he should be allowed to swallow completely before offering the next, that is not what happened. He was fed a large quantity of cauliflower cheese, it seems relatively quickly, that was undercooked to the point of being almost raw, making it much too hard for him to swallow safely. Staff, including qualified nursing staff, then failed to give appropriate first aid. Even 18 months after the event when they were giving evidence in court this week – the inquest had been delayed to allow a police investigation – some staff were unable to describe the correct treatment for choking. Most significantly, nursing staff failed to recognise that Mr Priolo had suffered a cardiac arrest. They then failed to attempt CPR. After the arrival of paramedics, one member of nursing staff did attempt to give chest compressions, but these were ineffective. That is likely to be the result of panic and distress. These are common feelings in an emergency situation, but the risk of them overwhelming resuscitation efforts may be reduced by frequent appropriate training. ”

    Source location

    Cristofaro PRIOLO · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide appropriate first aid for choking

    Wider context from the report

    “A BUPA internal investigation has already taken place and identified some learning points. However, there are matters outstanding around training and audit. Obviously, the cauliflower for Mr Priolo should have been prepared properly for him by the catering staff, but quite apart from that, Mr Priolo’s carers were never assessed when they were feeding him. Whilst the carer who was feeding him when he choked knew that he needed small, soft mouthfuls that he should be allowed to swallow completely before offering the next, that is not what happened. He was fed a large quantity of cauliflower cheese, it seems relatively quickly, that was undercooked to the point of being almost raw, making it much too hard for him to swallow safely. Staff, including qualified nursing staff, then failed to give appropriate first aid. Even 18 months after the event when they were giving evidence in court this week – the inquest had been delayed to allow a police investigation – some staff were unable to describe the correct treatment for choking. Most significantly, nursing staff failed to recognise that Mr Priolo had suffered a cardiac arrest. They then failed to attempt CPR. After the arrival of paramedics, one member of nursing staff did attempt to give chest compressions, but these were ineffective. That is likely to be the result of panic and distress. These are common feelings in an emergency situation, but the risk of them overwhelming resuscitation efforts may be reduced by frequent appropriate training. ”

    Source location

    Cristofaro PRIOLO · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Strengthen and embed the Highgate Mealtime Champion role to oversee mealtime support and compliance with dietary requirements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The role of “Mealtime Champion” was strengthened in the Highgate. The person fulfilling this role in the Highgate assists with the mealtime experience of residents and ensures that any dietary”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 1 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reinforce and strengthen the Mealtime Champion role across the care-home portfolio.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The role of Mealtime Champion generally is included and defined within our Mealtime Experience document, which applies to all our care homes. As a general point, this role will be reinforced and strengthened throughout our portfolio. The Mealtime Champion is defined in the document as being someone who is in charge of coordinating the mealtime experience for residents, and actively supervises the meal service. They need to ensure that residents receive the appropriate levels of nutrition, hydration and supervision, to avoid instances such as choking.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 2 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement UK-wide kitchen quality assurance checks for food temperature, thorough cooking and required consistency before food leaves the kitchen.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Bupa will implement a process to ensure food is quality assured prior to leaving the kitchen. This will be clearly described in our HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) policy and documented next to the temperature checks within our standard paperwork. This new process will ensure that all food leaves the kitchen, a) at the right temperature and b) cooked thoroughly or the correct consistency. This would address and identify any repeat of undercooked food leaving the kitchen. This process will not be unique to the Highgate, it will be adopted UK wide across our portfolio.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 2 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review HACCP, nutrition, mealtime, IDDSI and induction materials to align policies and training with safe dietary assistance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. A review of the HACCP policy, Nutrition and Weight Management policy, Mealtime Experience Standards, and associated training such as the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) will take place to ensure the actions described in this response are reflected in policy and training. This will include a review of induction material (Nutrition and Hydration) to ensure staff are taught how to assist residents with dietary intake in a safe way applicable to their needs.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 2 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and roll out role-specific IDDSI descriptor videos across the organisation, updating the Mealtime Experience document afterwards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. Bupa, in collaboration with Robot Coupe, will develop a suite of short videos, targeted to film in July 2022, on each of the IDDSI descriptors levels. This should be completed by the end of August 2022 and will be made available across the organisation and rolled out to employees subject to their roles. The Mealtime Experience document (referred to earlier in this response) will be reviewed in line with the IDDSI work we are planning and will be updated once the videos have been produced.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 3 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Enforce the Resident Mealtime Form process and maintain its monthly or needs-based review for resident-specific dietary information.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4. The Resident Mealtime Form (completed by the nursing and care team at the point of a resident’s admission and used by the catering team) will be enforced. This will ensure that the existing process is operating effectively. This form is designed to capture resident specific information such as allergies, modified diet requirements or specific cutlery required. The form is reviewed monthly or more frequently as required. At Highgate, a copy of this form is kept within the Home’s SaLT folders, including the SaLT folder kept in the kitchen. The SaLT folder includes for each of the Home’s residents: dietary information, the Resident Mealtime Form, eating/drinking protocols, IDDSI recommendations for residents, recommendations/advice from SaLT, the IDDSI framework and guidance on this, and blank SaLT referral forms.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 3 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Communicate lessons learned and changed catering processes to Chef Managers and catering teams across the business.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. The Director of Hotel Services and Customer First will communicate with all Chef Managers and their teams and relay the lessons learned. This will ensure there is awareness across the business of what happened at The Highgate, how we can learn from this and what we have changed as a result of it. Our catering teams can then implement the new processes. We are also exploring ways of providing face to face training for our catering teams on the requirements of IDDSI and are making available frozen IDDSI accredited meals from our suppliers so that our services can access appropriately modified meals as a contingency.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 3 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Make frozen IDDSI-accredited meals available from suppliers as a contingency for appropriately modified meals.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. The Director of Hotel Services and Customer First will communicate with all Chef Managers and their teams and relay the lessons learned. This will ensure there is awareness across the business of what happened at The Highgate, how we can learn from this and what we have changed as a result of it. Our catering teams can then implement the new processes. We are also exploring ways of providing face to face training for our catering teams on the requirements of IDDSI and are making available frozen IDDSI accredited meals from our suppliers so that our services can access appropriately modified meals as a contingency.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 3 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Add safe-feeding materials and a competency check to the Nutrition and Hydration training module.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “8. We have asked for additional materials and a competency check to be added to the current Nutrition and Hydration training module and we will work with our Learning and Development team to ensure this happens.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 3 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide and competency-assess Basic Life Support and DNACPR training, including practical choking and CPR assessment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Training around Basic Life Support (“BLS” – the content of which includes addressing and dealing with choking incidents and CPR) and DNACPRs. This training involved an online/classroom based training session, as well as a practical session, where learners are practically assessed, and are not deemed competent until the trainer is satisfied that a learner is competent. We are mindful of your on-going concerns in relation to those nurses who gave evidence during the inquest, and we have said more on this point below – see “concerns 3, 4 & 5”, below.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 1 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Retrain remaining Highgate staff and ensure they are competent and confident to manage future choking, cardiac arrest and CPR incidents.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “10. Given the concerns raised at inquest regarding the competence of some of The Highgate staff, we will ensure that those who remain within The Highgate are retrained, competent and confident to manage any further incidents in the future.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 4 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing evidence indicates Highgate BLS delegates passed competency assessments, disputing that training competence was absent.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We did, however, make enquiries with our Learning and Development team as to the training provided to staff at Highgate, including some of those who gave evidence at the inquest. We wanted to be sure that there had been no issue with their engagement or competency checks. The feedback from our trainer on the BLS training delivered at Highgate was that all delegates (which would include some of those who gave evidence during the inquest) had all passed first time and had a completed competency assessment on file, which confirmed, amongst other things, competent to deliver CPR and how to respond to a choking incident. However, the relevant staff will attend further training to ensure competency.”

    Source location

    Response from BUPA Care Services
    Page 4 · response
    Published 12 May 2022

    Open published response
  2. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Edir Frederico Araujo DA COSTA · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Edir Frederico Araujo DA COSTA died after his airway became obstructed by a plastic bag containing drugs while he was being restrained by police. The report identified concerns about emergency life-support training, supervision and safety-officer roles during restraint, risks associated with plastic bags and CS spray, recognition of agonal breathing, and communication with the ambulance service.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient police officer awareness of plastic bag and choking risks

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) The Inquest heard that it is well documented that members of the public may swallow plastic bags to evade arrest or conceal evidence. Placing plastic bags in the mouth raises a very high risk of choking. Police officers should be aware of these risks. The MPS are requested to review the training provided to police officers to ensure they are fully informed about the specific risks around the use of plastic bags and the associated risk of choking. ”

    Source location

    Edir Frederico Araujo DA COSTA · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  3. North Wales (East and Central)

    AI-generated summary

    Kathleen Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kathleen Smith, who had advanced dementia and was at risk of choking, died after being fed unsuitable food and aspirating. The report raised concerns about inadequate staff training, failure to assist during the choking emergency, poor communication, and insufficient management oversight of safe food and fluid care.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of staff to demonstrate understanding of safe food and fluid care and choking-risk management

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Staff were not sufficiently trained in first aid or how to assist a resident who was at risk of choking. 2. Staff did not intervene to assist the resident for whom the internal emergency alarm had been sounded as help was needed. 3. Staff were not sufficiently trained in how to select and prepare correct foods and fluids for residents with special dietary needs and who had a documented risk of choking. 4. The above training remains incomplete approximately 11 months after the death of Mrs Smith. 5. Staff could not demonstrate they understood how to deliver safe care and treatment regarding food and fluids and manage the risk of choking. 6. There is no adequate management oversight to ensure staff are appropriately deployed to those residents at risk of choking and or who require one to one assistance with food and fluids. ”

    Source location

    Kathleen Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient staff training in first aid and assisting residents at risk of choking

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Staff were not sufficiently trained in first aid or how to assist a resident who was at risk of choking. 2. Staff did not intervene to assist the resident for whom the internal emergency alarm had been sounded as help was needed. 3. Staff were not sufficiently trained in how to select and prepare correct foods and fluids for residents with special dietary needs and who had a documented risk of choking. 4. The above training remains incomplete approximately 11 months after the death of Mrs Smith. 5. Staff could not demonstrate they understood how to deliver safe care and treatment regarding food and fluids and manage the risk of choking. 6. There is no adequate management oversight to ensure staff are appropriately deployed to those residents at risk of choking and or who require one to one assistance with food and fluids. ”

    Source location

    Kathleen Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient staff training in selecting and preparing food and fluids for residents at risk of choking

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Staff were not sufficiently trained in first aid or how to assist a resident who was at risk of choking. 2. Staff did not intervene to assist the resident for whom the internal emergency alarm had been sounded as help was needed. 3. Staff were not sufficiently trained in how to select and prepare correct foods and fluids for residents with special dietary needs and who had a documented risk of choking. 4. The above training remains incomplete approximately 11 months after the death of Mrs Smith. 5. Staff could not demonstrate they understood how to deliver safe care and treatment regarding food and fluids and manage the risk of choking. 6. There is no adequate management oversight to ensure staff are appropriately deployed to those residents at risk of choking and or who require one to one assistance with food and fluids. ”

    Source location

    Kathleen Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train current staff in basic dysphagia awareness.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1b. All current staff have now been trained on basic awareness of Dysphagia. Also all new staff members have been booked on next available SALT (IDDS) training day which is on 6/08/19. We also now have 2 Dysphagia champions who have done the training for Dysphagia and who are now fully equipped to carry out to train all our staff.”

    Source location

    2019-0184-Response-by-Coed-Duon-Care-Home
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train new staff on SALT IDDS dysphagia procedures at the scheduled training session.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1b. All current staff have now been trained on basic awareness of Dysphagia. Also all new staff members have been booked on next available SALT (IDDS) training day which is on 6/08/19. We also now have 2 Dysphagia champions who have done the training for Dysphagia and who are now fully equipped to carry out to train all our staff.”

    Source location

    2019-0184-Response-by-Coed-Duon-Care-Home
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish two trained dysphagia champions to support staff training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1b. All current staff have now been trained on basic awareness of Dysphagia. Also all new staff members have been booked on next available SALT (IDDS) training day which is on 6/08/19. We also now have 2 Dysphagia champions who have done the training for Dysphagia and who are now fully equipped to carry out to train all our staff.”

    Source location

    2019-0184-Response-by-Coed-Duon-Care-Home
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Teach new staff safe care for residents at choking risk and prohibit assistance before completing this training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. As part of their induction training all new staff members are taught how to deliver safe care in residents with a choking risk. We have also made it very clear to new staff that they are NOT allowed to assist residents at risk of choking until this training has been done.”

    Source location

    2019-0184-Response-by-Coed-Duon-Care-Home
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide trained mealtime staff in the dining room to oversee dysphagia-trained staff assisting residents at choking risk.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5. There is a trained member of staff on duty in the dining room during mealtimes to oversee the appropriately trained staff in Dysphagia to assist the residents at risk of choking. Also staff now write on diet & fluid charts what daily meals are served and they are clearer on what they have eaten, for example. puree mashed potatoes, puree, instead of Mash, Veg chicken”

    Source location

    2019-0184-Response-by-Coed-Duon-Care-Home
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish at least one qualified first aider on duty at all times.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1a. You expressed concerns in your report regarding our lack of adequate first aiders. Since then I have, despite difficulty obtaining vacant slots, several members of staff on first aid courses. This now allows us to have at least one qualified First Aider on duty.”

    Source location

    2019-0184-Response-by-Coed-Duon-Care-Home
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Maintain resident-specific diet and fluid consistency files, with staff acknowledgement of changes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have now set up a Diets and fluids consistency file for each resident, which have been graded by the exterior health professionals, this file is held in the kitchen and all the kitchen staff have been trained to be aware of its content. If any changes occur they are given a copy of these changes and all staff now sign to say they acknowledge if there are any changes to their diets.”

    Source location

    2019-0184-Response-by-Coed-Duon-Care-Home
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    There was no evidence that the aspirated food had not been prepared to a safe consistency.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Nevertheless, in defence of my staff, Mrs Smith had been at the home for four weeks, during which time the staff had been regularly feeding her satisfactorily. On the day in question Mrs Smith’s carer, who incidentally had several years’ experience who was feeding her. From your report there appears to be no evidence that the food which she had aspirated had not been prepared to a proper safe consistency. As must have been done satisfactorily with no adverse effects on so many occasions before.”

    Source location

    2019-0184-Response-by-Coed-Duon-Care-Home
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2019

    Open published response
  4. Bedfordshire and Luton

    AI-generated summary

    KARL BRUNNER · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Karl Brunner died after choking on a package of drugs he swallowed while being arrested by police in Bedford on 11 May 2016. The report identified concerns that officers lacked knowledge of the risks of choking during arrest or detention and that the mouth and face guards provided to them were defective and inappropriate for high-risk suspects.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of knowledge of choking risks during arrest or detention

    Wider context from the report

    “The evidence before me showed that police officers were trained to deal with suspects who had swallowed drugs. The evidence however disclosed a complete lack of knowledge of the risks of choking when suspects were either arrested or in the process of being detained. This should urgently be addressed in the Officers’ training and the appropriate medical procedures should be adopted. ”

    Source location

    KARL BRUNNER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide annual first-aid training, including choking management, to officers, special constables, detention officers and Police Community Support Officers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4. Across Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire police forces all officers, special constables, detention officers and Police Community Support Officers receive First Aid training at least annually on a rolling programme. Student officers receive training more often as it is incorporated within their two year probationary period. Thus training is provided in accordance with the standards set down by the College of Policing, which remain under review.”

    Source location

    2018-0310-Response-by-Bedfordshire-Police
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train officers and students to use choking training aids and demonstrate front-position thrusts when rescuers cannot encircle a casualty.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5. Included within the training is a module which deals specifically with persons who are choking. It sets out the appropriate manner in which a choking detainee should be managed, and specifically incorporates the comprehensive lesson plan produced by the College of Policing. In particular, this includes:”

    Source location

    2018-0310-Response-by-Bedfordshire-Police
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Give officers and custody staff instructions for managing detainees who place items in their mouths, swallow items or begin choking, including ambulance escalation and emergency life support.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. Officers and custody staff are given the following specific instructions in the event they are faced with a scenario similar to that which occurred during the detention of Mr Brunner. These are in line with the recommendations issued by the Independent Office for Police Conduct (“IOPC”) and state that:”

    Source location

    2018-0310-Response-by-Bedfordshire-Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 February 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Regular choking training complies with IOPC recommendations and meets College of Policing standards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “8. The regular training provided to all Bedfordshire Police officers complies with the recommendations of the IOPC and meets the standards set out by the College of Policing.”

    Source location

    2018-0310-Response-by-Bedfordshire-Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 February 2019

    Open published response
  5. Berkshire

    AI-generated summary

    Anne Roberts · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Anne Roberts died at Prospect Park Hospital, Reading, on 28 September 2017 after choking on a bolus of food consisting of a sandwich and chocolate brownie cake. The report raised concerns about bank-staff training, dissemination and recording of choking-risk information, management of patients eating in bedrooms, and frontline staff training on the interaction between mental disorders and choking risks.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of training for bank staff in caring for patients at risk of choking

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Concerns about the training of Bank Staff in relation to the care of patients at risk of choking, including patients who are mentally ill. ”

    Source location

    Anne Roberts · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  6. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Jane Olive Parker · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jane Olive Parker, who had dementia and a history of choking episodes, was found unresponsive approximately 40 minutes after eating an inappropriate meal unobserved in her room on 24 August 2016. Post-mortem examination found un-chewed food in her airway, and the recorded conclusion was death from aspiration of food, contributed to by neglect. Concerns included poor understanding and preparation of modified diets, and failures to escalate choking episodes to the Speech and Language Team for reassessment.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of care assistant understanding and systems for escalating choking episodes to SALT

    Wider context from the report

    “3. In Mrs Parker’s case the Inquest heard that there were opportunities to escalate her case back to SALT after choking episodes. However there was limited understanding within the care home assistants of the need to report and escalate choking episodes to ensure that the SALT team provided expert input and reduced risk. Following Mrs Parker’s death both the Local Authority in question and the Care Home provider had taken steps to improve systems within their care homes but it was unclear if there was national work in place to ensure that there were appropriate systems in place to ensure that there were appropriate escalations to SALT. ”

    Source location

    Jane Olive Parker · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Rashan Jermaine CHARLES · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Rashan Jermaine Charles entered a convenience store after a foot chase, put a package in his mouth, and was restrained and handcuffed during a struggle. He lost consciousness and suffered cardiac arrest; the recorded medical cause of death was cardiac arrest due to upper airway obstruction by a foreign body during restraint. Concerns included recognising choking when it resembles resistance, assessing breathing in stressful conditions, and managing assistance from members of the public.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Choking without classic visible signs

    Wider context from the report

    “When updating police officer training, it would seem helpful for those developing policies and protocols to bear the following factors in mind, factors that might not otherwise be evident to police officers. 1. An apparent struggle to resist search or arrest, might in fact be a struggle to breathe, or might become that. 2. Choking is not always accompanied by classic signs such as clutching the throat, coughing, red face or bulging eyes, but can be silent and very quick. 3. It can be extremely difficult to assess whether breathing is present and normal, particularly in a stressful and/or noisy situation. (I heard evidence that, for training purposes, abnormal breathing could possibly in future be simulated by a virtual reality programme.) 4. Members of the public can sometimes give vital assistance, but this assistance might need to be managed. Analysis of a situation by a member of the public might give helpful insight, but on the other hand might not be accurate. Even a single member of the public might unwittingly distract an officer, especially in a fast paced environment. I heard evidence that, at present, MPS training does not include specific advice about how best to utilise members of the public who are willing and able to assist police officers. ”

    Source location

    Rashan Jermaine CHARLES · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide recruit and three-yearly refresher training on recognising and treating choking, including cases without classic signs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Programme Specification states in respect of choking: “An airway obstruction can be recognised by difficulty speaking, attempts to breathe or cough, increasing signs of asphyxia (blueness discolouration to face) and eventual loss of consciousness. Therefore, it is therefore made clear that individuals who are choking they may not be able to breathe or cough.”

    Source location

    2018-0210-Response-by-Metropolitan-Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 14 August 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train officers to conduct thorough breathing checks, monitor breathing, open airways and commence CPR when breathing is abnormal or uncertain.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The importance of completing a thorough breathing check and regularly monitoring a subject’s breathing is central to ELS training. The training states that if breathing cannot be established because a subject is in the recovery position, they should be turned onto their back to facilitate a full breathing check. It further states that CPR should be commenced if there is any doubt.”

    Source location

    2018-0210-Response-by-Metropolitan-Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 14 August 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing MPS Emergency Life Support training addresses recognition of concealed medical emergencies, choking, abnormal breathing and appropriate first-aid responses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The possibility that an apparent struggle or resistance might mask a medical emergency is firmly established within the MPS’ Emergency Life Support (ELS) training. It is central to training concerning positional asphyxia and Acute Behavioural Disturbance. It has also informed the MPS’ review of guidelines associated with restraint positions. Current work is focusing upon tilting the subject’s head forward to help reduce the risk of concealed objects falling into the airway and causing choking. The revised guidance is currently being peer-reviewed prior to adoption by the MPS. The findings will be shared with the College of Policing to help ensure best practice across England and Wales.”

    Source location

    2018-0210-Response-by-Metropolitan-Police
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2018

    Open published response
  8. London (East)

    AI-generated summary

    Ahmed Amin TABECHE · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ahmed Amin TABECHE died at Aspray Care Home on 15 September 2016 after choking while being fed vegetable soup containing pieces of vegetables. The report identified insufficient guidance and supervision about his feeding requirements, and inadequate systems and written information for visitors feeding a person at risk of choking.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain robust systems for protecting patients at risk of choking, including checking food

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The evidence given by the nursing staff and care staff who continue to work in the Care Home did not indicate a full understanding of the gravity of the risk of choking. Matters such as not causing offence to visitors or concern of turning the Home into a prison were quoted as reasons why food might not be fully checked. Care staff did not appear to appreciate that where a patient is at risk of choking, robust systems need to be in place to protect their lives. ”

    Source location

    Ahmed Amin TABECHE · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement revised care policies and processes across the group’s homes to improve resident safety.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a company we treat such matters very seriously and have moved swiftly to re-evaluate our policies and processes to ensure that we are providing the best possible care to our residents in the safest way possible.”

    Source location

    2018-0143-Response-by-Twinglobe
    Page 1 · response
    Published 1 July 2018

    Open published response
  9. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    George Goldby · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    George Goldby choked on a sandwich on 20 March 2017, was taken to hospital, and died on 24 March 2017. The principal concerns were that staff did not follow his speech and language therapy recommendations, including one-to-one supervision and dietary requirements; choking risk assessments and care plans were inadequately managed; and choking incidents were not properly reported or followed by appropriate referrals and reviews.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inadequate and disorganised choking risk assessment record keeping

    Wider context from the report

    “(5) The care plan records and in particular, the choking risk assessments in respect of Mr Goldby were inadequately completed and record keeping has been incomplete and/or wholly disorganised. ”

    Source location

    George Goldby · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of staff knowledge of residents at high risk of choking and supervision needs

    Wider context from the report

    “(7) Staff at the care home remain unaware of how many residents are at high risk of choking and the need for supervision. ”

    Source location

    George Goldby · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete swallowing risk assessments with independent validation and Care Manager sign-off of updates.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Completion of the swallowing risk assessment with independent validation from another senior colleague to ensure accurate scoring and corresponding actions to mitigate risk are adhered to. This system remains in place with the Care Manager reviewing and signing off any updates.”

    Source location

    2018-0104-Response-by-HC-One
    Page 1 · response
    Published 17 June 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Rewrite residents’ care plans to specify detailed individual care requirements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “6. Once this initial work was completed at Stoneyford, we sought advice from senior clinicians within the company for governance and oversight, which resulted in the care plans being rewritten to specify the detailed plan of care for each Resident.”

    Source location

    2018-0104-Response-by-HC-One
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 June 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce dining registers and quick-reference guides for managing specialist diets, with formal review and update governance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. Additional advice was sought from the company Hospitality specialist to establish if there were any further processes or mechanisms to help support the safe and effective management of people who require a specialist diet. As a result we have introduced a new system of dining registers with quick reference guides, which were put into place and help colleagues or any agency workers to reflect the handover documentation.”

    Source location

    2018-0104-Response-by-HC-One
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 June 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement daily ‘Resident of the day’ care-plan reviews and report changing needs through the clinical risk register.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “8. The manager and staff at the home have implemented a ‘Resident of the day’ approach to care plan reviews which means that a designated Resident has their care and support needs reviewed every day to ensure any changes are reflected in updated care plans and shared with colleagues who support them. Any changes in need are reported monthly through to the clinical risk register, which is monitored by the Senior Turnaround Manager working at the home and the Area quality management Team.”

    Source location

    2018-0104-Response-by-HC-One
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 June 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share residents’ SALT fluid and diet requirements with catering, housekeeping, care and nursing staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5. All existing fluid/diet requirements from SALT were shared with the whole team of colleagues working at the home. This includes the catering team, as well as housekeeping, care and nursing colleagues to ensure that as one team, the staff act as additional eyes and ears to protect Residents and prevent harm.”

    Source location

    2018-0104-Response-by-HC-One
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 June 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commission a three-day face-to-face dysphagia course for the home’s staff from an external expert provider.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We believe that there is no substitute for repeated learning opportunities that help inform staff of the consequences of not supporting Residents effectively and to that end have commissioned a three day face to face dysphagia course for the staff team from an external expert training provider. This is to supplement and extend the learning opportunities already available and refreshed by the team via our online award winning learning platform, Touchstone.”

    Source location

    2018-0104-Response-by-HC-One
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 June 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide supervision to all home colleagues, identify knowledge gaps and source role-relevant learning.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “All colleagues working at the home have received supervision to support them with their working practices and which has led to the identification of any gaps in knowledge and sourcing of learning opportunities to support them in their roles. Areas covered have included understanding Resident’s needs, identification of changing needs, escalation processes, role profiles for each specific job, responsibilities and accountability, the vision and values of the organisation and the prioritisation of the delivery of high quality and kind care.”

    Source location

    2018-0104-Response-by-HC-One
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 June 2018

    Open published response
  10. Birmingham and Solihull

    AI-generated summary

    David Sheppard · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    David Sheppard choked on a doughnut at Boldmere Court on 31 July 2016 and suffered a cardiac arrest and severe hypoxic brain injury. He was taken to Good Hope Hospital, where treatment was withdrawn, and he died on 3 August 2016. The principal concerns were inadequate emergency response, poor communication, failures in record keeping, insufficient first-aid training, and inadequate post-event investigation.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of staff first aid training and choking-sign recognition

    Wider context from the report

    “3. Training. Several of the staff who gave evidence had not received first aid training. They did not understand the signs of choking displayed by the deceased. ”

    Source location

    David Sheppard · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The registered care provider is responsible for ensuring sufficient, qualified, competent and appropriately trained staff are deployed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is the responsibility of Boldmere Court Care Home as the registered provider to ensure there are sufficient numbers of suitably qualified, competent, skilled and experienced persons deployed and appropriately trained as necessary to enable them to carry out their duties.”

    Source location

    David-Sheppard-Response
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2017

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026