Recurring concern

Inadequate supervision of patients in acute hospital assessment areas

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First reported 26 Feb 2014•Latest report 17 Dec 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures to provide, maintain or arrange appropriate supervision for patients in acute medical units, emergency departments and comparable acute hospital assessment areas, including supervision affected by overcrowding, competing demands or inadequate operational arrangements.

Not included

  • Excludes generic hospital staffing, crowding or resource deficiencies unless they directly result in inadequate supervision of patients in an acute assessment area.
  • Excludes condition-specific observation systems, such as continuous observation, one-to-one observation, mental-health observations or enhanced-care supervision, where that named system is the more specific supported concern.
  • Excludes failures of clinical assessment, treatment, handover or escalation where patient supervision is not itself the unsafe condition.
  • Excludes supervision failures in care homes, prisons, community settings or non-hospital environments.
Reports
5

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
5

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
15

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care3
Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust1
Great Western Hospital1
NHS England1
North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust1
Royal Sussex County Hospital1
University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust1
Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Inner West London

    AI-generated summary

    Dr Debapriya Ghosh and Mr David Albert Ward · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Dr Debapriya Ghosh and Mr David Albert Ward died at St George’s Hospital after falls causing traumatic head injuries while they were being treated in a busy A&E department. The report raised concerns about insufficient staffing and resources, inadequate nursing risk assessment and supervision, reliance on families to supervise patients, and the resulting risks in overcrowded A&E departments.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide safe supervision for patients in overcrowded A&E departments

    Wider context from the report

    “4. That it is unsafe for families to leave their loved ones unsupervised in overcrowded A&E departments. ”

    Source location

    Dr Debapriya Ghosh and Mr David Albert Ward · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve hospital flow by reducing waits exceeding 12 hours and progressing towards eliminating corridor care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Improve hospital flow, with a focus on reducing the number of patients waiting more than 12 hours and making progress towards eliminating corridor care.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2025

    Open published response
  2. Wiltshire and Swindon

    AI-generated summary

    Raymond Lionel Eggleton · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Raymond Lionel Eggleton died in hospital on 25 January 2023 after falling on a medical unit, sustaining a fractured neck of femur and head injuries, and subsequently developing dysphagia, immobility, delirium and aspiration pneumonia. The principal concerns were that his falls risk assessment did not use all available information about his previous falls and postural hypotension, resulting in inadequate supervision, and that the ward lacked sufficient flexibility and resilience to respond dynamically to vulnerable patients’ enhanced care needs, particularly during night shifts.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to dynamically provide enhanced supervision for changing patient needs

    Wider context from the report

    “During the course of the Inquest, I also heard evidence from Sister Jones and in addition to the challenge of getting the staffing levels commensurate to the patients needs and safeguarding patients there does appear to be an issue that causes me a concern as regards the ability to dynamically respond to a need for enhanced supervision especially entering into night shifts. Sister Jones when questioned was open and extremely candid in her answer that at those times nursing staff could not always support those additional needs in the short term because of the challenge to get additional personal at short notice in circumstances where the nursing team were under pressure due to the complexities and demands of patient’s needs. There is in my view no flexibility and resilience within the system to dynamically adapt and respond to changing patients enhanced needs exacerbated by the fact that especially during the winter months those beds are mainly occupied by the elderly. It is easier during day shifts to respond but there clearly appears to be an issue especially going into night shifts. There were 2 issues here, firstly the initial falls risk assessment on LAMU which was not undertaken taking advantage of all available information which in my view led to an incorrect assessment of Ray’s supervision needs. His fall was observed by another member of the nursing staff and therefore my view is that only arm’s length supervision would have avoided the fall and that there were sufficient indicators on two occasions prior to the event occurring. The failure here in relation to the initial assessment was down to the volume of work and not in my view laziness or anything of that nature on the part of nursing staff. Flowing from the first issue a further issue relates to the resilience and the ability to respond dynamically with changing patients on the ward so as to ensure that vulnerable patients with a high degree of risk of falling, like Ray, are properly safeguarded. ”

    Source location

    Raymond Lionel Eggleton · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Maintain acute ward staffing at a 1:8 nurse-to-patient ratio through additional staffing investment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has significantly invested in safe staffing levels over the last 2 years, this has ensured that all acute ward areas are now working to a 1:8 nurse to patient ratio for health care support workers and registered nursing staff. This is in line with national guidance. Year 1 (2021/2) there was investment in health care support workers and Year 2 (2022/3) there has been investment in the registered nurse staffing. This investment has come to a total of £7.1 million.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 1 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate staffing governance and deployment processes using acuity data, enhanced-care assessments and three-times-daily staffing meetings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has robust safe staffing processes which are in line with national guidance and evidence based. This includes a 6 monthly safe staffing report to Trust Board which includes details of the Chief Nurses yearly establishment reviews with the ward managers. Nurse to patient ratios, benchmarking data, patient acuity, quality metrics and enhanced care data are reviewed as part of the Chief Nurse yearly establishment reviews.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 1 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide out-of-hours senior nursing support through duty Matron and site-manager roles to adjust staffing and support patient safety.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There is also improved senior nurse support out of hours, with a duty Matron working till 20:00 pm and at weekends from 08:00 – 16:00 pm. This role supports the dynamic response required to adjust staffing levels or redeploy staff to accommodate the needs of patients that are at risk of falling or requiring enhanced supervision. Overnight there is a senior nurse ‘site manager’ who will support staffing and patient safety.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review Acute Medical Assessment Unit staffing using the national Safer Nursing Care Tool to inform future staffing models.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There will be a further review of the Acute Medical Assessment Unit staffing using the national Safer Nursing Care Tool and the results will be used to inform future staffing models.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the enhanced-care policy, documentation and teaching to clarify assessment requirements and supervision levels.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has had an enhanced care policy in place for several years. The Deputy Divisional Directors of Nursing are working with the Falls Team and undertaking a review of the current policy, paperwork and teaching. This work has an emphasis on the correct assessment and clear definitions of levels of supervision e.g. line of sight and within arm’s reach. This is supported by a ‘Stay in the bay’ approach when health care support workers are providing enhanced care. This mandates that before the designated staff leaves, this duty has to be handed over to another member of staff.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Trial the enhanced-care and ‘Stay in the bay’ approach on three wards, with daily review of assessments, care gaps and education.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has had an enhanced care policy in place for several years. The Deputy Divisional Directors of Nursing are working with the Falls Team and undertaking a review of the current policy, paperwork and teaching. This work has an emphasis on the correct assessment and clear definitions of levels of supervision e.g. line of sight and within arm’s reach. This is supported by a ‘Stay in the bay’ approach when health care support workers are providing enhanced care. This mandates that before the designated staff leaves, this duty has to be handed over to another member of staff.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement and engage all wards in enhanced-care approach rollout informed by trial learning after the trial concludes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This new approach is currently being trialled on 3 wards that frequently care for higher-than-average numbers of patients requiring enhanced care. During the enhanced care trial, the Falls Lead is reviewing daily to ensure that the enhanced care assessments reflect the patient care needs appropriately and then address any gaps in care and education. Once this trial has been completed a plan for roll out and engagement with all wards will be implemented and informed by the learning outputs from the trial.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide Acute Medical Unit training on multifactorial falls assessment, including risks, information sources and supervision levels.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Falls team will be providing additional training in the Acute Medical Unit on Multifactorial falls assessment, this training will include the essential components and sources of information required to support a personalised assessment, identifying key risks and level of supervision.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Recruit Clinical Practice Educators to support ward and assessment-unit training, including enhanced-care training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To support this work the Trust has recently recruited a number of Clinical Practice Educators to support the wards and assessment units, part of their remit is to support training around enhanced care supported by the Falls team. The first round of training is planned for March 2024.”

    Source location

    Response from Great Western Hospitals
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Local clinical and other leaders are responsible for determining staffing levels and responding to local patient-safety needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Safe staffing Responsibility for staffing levels remains with clinical and other leaders at a local level, responding to local needs, supported by evidence-based guidelines by national and professional bodies and overseen and regulated in England by the CQC. Reaching the right staff numbers and mix should depend on an evidence-based approach and the exercise of real-time, risk-assessed, professional judgements by day-to-day leadership and a multi-professional approach.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 22 November 2023

    Open published response
  3. Suffolk

    AI-generated summary

    Joseph Willy Maunick · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Joseph Willy Maunick died on 15 March 2022 from a severe head injury sustained in a fall in the Emergency Department of West Suffolk Hospital, where he had been admitted as a social admission while his wife underwent emergency surgery. The report identified concerns about a national shortage of suitable care, and severe hospital pressures including insufficient staffing and resources, which prevented the constant supervision he needed and delayed transfer to a more appropriate environment.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient hospital resources and staffing to provide required care and supervision

    Wider context from the report

    “2) The severe pressures on the hospital, including the Emergency Department, were such that they were experiencing scarcity of resource relative to demand and a severe deficiency of staff. In these circumstances, it was both not possible to provide the care and supervision that Will needed in the Emergency Department, and the scarcity of resource contributed to Will not being transferred sooner to a ward or other more appropriate environment, where Will could receive the constant supervision that would probably have prevented the fall that led to his death. The evidence was that the scarcity of resource experienced was a challenge on the national level, rather than just a particular local issue. If hospitals, including Emergency Departments, do not receive sufficient resource, then circumstances creating a risk of future deaths, due to an inability to provide the required care and / or prompt transfer to an available ward bed or appropriate alternative place, will occur or continue to exist in the future. ”

    Source location

    Joseph Willy Maunick · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
  4. Liverpool and the Wirral

    AI-generated summary

    Uyapo Theodore Hayunga-Macha · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Uyapo Theodore Hayunga-Macha went missing from Arrowe Park Hospital on 4 December 2020 before he could be assessed for his mental health. He was found drowned on 9 March 2021, and it remained unclear how he ended up in the water. Concerns were raised about why he was not looked after and why he was left alone while waiting for assessment.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide care and supervision while awaiting assessment

    Wider context from the report

    “On 3 December 2020 Merseyside Police were called to Theo where it was apparent that he was suffering from poor mental health. An ambulance was called and Theo agreed to be taken to Arrowe Park Hospital. It is reported that whilst waiting for Triage that he left without being seen. Why was he not being looked after? And why was he left alone when waiting for assessment? ”

    Source location

    Uyapo Theodore Hayunga-Macha · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete online mental-health training for clinical support workers caring for patients in the Mental Health Unit.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Further education and training for staff in relation to dealing with Mental Health patients and appropriate use of the Mental Health Unit (MHU). The Clinical support Workers who provide care and support for patients within the MHU have completed an online Mental Health training session”

    Source location

    2021-0314-Response-from-Wirral-University-Teaching-Hospital_Published
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Take forward further staff education and training on caring for mental-health patients and appropriate use of the Mental Health Unit.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Further education and training for staff in relation to dealing with Mental Health patients and appropriate use of the Mental Health Unit (MHU). The Clinical support Workers who provide care and support for patients within the MHU have completed an online Mental Health training session”

    Source location

    2021-0314-Response-from-Wirral-University-Teaching-Hospital_Published
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Triage all ambulance-service arrivals on entry, document fit-to-sit rationales, and require verbal handover to the appropriate assessment or triage nurse.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4. Ensure a standardised handover process to alert initial assessment / triage staff when a patient is placed in the waiting room as “fit to sit” by Ambulance Triage Nurse (ATN). All patients who arrive under the care of the North West Ambulance Service are now triaged by the ATN. This is a change in practice; previously, if patients were directed to the waiting room on arrival, as considered “fit to sit”, they would have been booked by the administrative team, at the main reception and would have waited to undergo initial triage assessment. The ATN now completes a triage assessment on arrival for all patients, including those presenting with a mental health concern. If this assessment finds the patient able to sit in the waiting room, the rationale for this decision is documented.”

    Source location

    2021-0314-Response-from-Wirral-University-Teaching-Hospital_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct monthly audits of 50 ambulance-service patients and share assessment, observation and triage findings with the Patient Safety and Quality Board.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Emergency Department leadership team have arranged for an audit of 50 patients per month to be undertaken to provide ongoing assurance around assessment/observations and triage of patients, who arrive via the ambulance service, the results of which are shared at the Trust’s Patient Safety and Quality Board.”

    Source location

    2021-0314-Response-from-Wirral-University-Teaching-Hospital_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Escalate full Mental Health Unit capacity to the Tactical Commander and shift leader, with defined overnight senior-doctor and shift-leader decision-making, and communicate the process to staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Unfortunately there are times when our MHU is full. A process has been developed to ensure that this is escalated to the Tactical Commander (TC) and the Shift leader, who are then responsible for decisions regarding either stepping someone out of MHU to create space, or where to place patients who are just arriving. Overnight if the TC is not on site, the decision is made by the senior Dr and Shift Leader. This process has been communicated to all staff.”

    Source location

    2021-0314-Response-from-Wirral-University-Teaching-Hospital_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 September 2021

    Open published response
  5. Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Herta Edith Maria WOODS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Herta Edith Maria WOODS, a 94-year-old woman living alone with carer support, was found after falls at home and admitted to hospital with injuries, dehydration, rhabdomyolysis and renal impairment. She was found deceased in her hospital bed early on 8 August 2013 after being overloaded with fluid. The principal concerns included apparent abandonment in the Acute Medical Unit, inadequate documentation and fluid monitoring, failure to act on the NEWS score, failure to obtain timely senior review, and failure to replace an inappropriate cannula.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide appropriate care and supervision in AMU

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The apparent abandonment of this lady in AMU. ”

    Source location

    Herta Edith Maria WOODS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026