Recurring concern

Failure to discuss patient care options and decisions

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First reported 27 Oct 2014•Latest report 25 Jun 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures to discuss consequential patient-care options, decisions, expected outcomes or treatment rationale with the patient, including discussion before or during decisions about transfers, further treatment, assessment or other management.

Not included

  • Excludes the broader informed-consent process where the asserted concern is specifically validity of consent, material-risk disclosure, time for consideration or consent documentation.
  • Excludes generic communication failures that do not concern a consequential patient-care option, decision or treatment rationale.
  • Excludes failures to involve families or carers where patient-facing discussion is not the shared unsafe condition.
  • Excludes failures in clinical decision-making or treatment after the relevant options and rationale were adequately discussed with the patient.
Reports
8

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
8

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
12

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust1
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence1
NHS England1
Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust1
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust1
Royal Sussex County Hospital1
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
St George'S University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust1
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. City of London

    AI-generated summary

    KERRY TERESA SINGH · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kerry Teresa Singh died on 14 July 2025 after urgent extraction of a failing pacemaker lead caused a tear to the superior vena cava, severe bleeding and unsuccessful resuscitation. The report identified delays in involving a tertiary centre, failures to review a critical test result and complete a referral, inadequate systems for patient involvement and task monitoring, and a lack of internal investigation or review.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a system for involving patients in decisions about the timing of required procedures

    Wider context from the report

    “4. Further, at the inquest, concern was expressed by the Deceased’s family that she was not fully informed and consulted on the question of when the required lead extraction procedure should be performed. There was clear evidence that by late 2024, her condition had deteriorated significantly and that she later expressed her wish to undergo the procedure as soon as possible. There does not appear to be any system in place to ensure that, when it is recognised that a procedure will be needed at some point, the patient is fully involved in the decision making as to when it is performed. ”

    Source location

    KERRY TERESA SINGH · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 5 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the revised Devices MDT governance documents, including referral criteria, clinical reasoning, patient involvement, escalation and action-accountability requirements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Following the inquest into Mrs Singh’s death, the Terms of Reference for the Devices MDT were formally reviewed and ratified. A Standard Operating Procedure (“SOP”) has also been developed and implemented.”

    Source location

    Response from East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Apply the strengthened MDT governance model, where appropriate, to other Cardiology Service MDTs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The revised governance documents define the purpose and scope of the MDT, responsibilities of attendees, referral criteria, arrangements for recording clinical reasoning and communicating outcomes, circumstances in which tertiary advice should be sought, and the process for allocating, monitoring and escalating MDT actions.”

    Source location

    Response from East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The specialist extraction centre, in consultation with the patient, makes the final decision about whether and when lead extraction occurs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The final decision about whether and when to undertake extraction is made by the specialist extraction centre in consultation with the patient. The local Cardiology Service is, however, responsible for ensuring that the patient’s concerns and preferences are heard, documented and considered when determining whether specialist advice or referral is required.”

    Source location

    Response from East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

    Open published response
  2. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Sophie Ann Dean · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sophie Ann Dean, who was aged 18, underwent surgery after free air was found in her abdomen and later required re-closure of her abdominal wound. She developed a chest infection and, after the second operation on 4 September 2023, suffered a cardiac arrest and died despite resuscitation efforts. The substantive concerns related to omissions and inadequacies in the medical records and whether the rationale and alternatives to surgery were sufficiently discussed with her parents before consent was given.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide complete information about treatment options before consent

    Wider context from the report

    “3) The on-call surgeon used language such as having “pushed the family” into agreeing to surgery on 24 August 2023. There was also evidence that not all options/possibilities were discussed with Miss Dean’s parents prior to their consenting to surgery. The evidence was that Miss Dean’s parents may not have fully understood the rationale for surgery or the possibility of conservative management of the issue, prior to the laparotomy on 24 August 2023. ”

    Source location

    Sophie Ann Dean · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Amend the consent policy to require additional consultant input, Best Interests Meetings where applicable, and documentation of operative and conservative-treatment risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. The consent policy has been amended to state that where there is agreed to be a high risk of surgical mortality (determined to be a 10% risk) in patients unable to provide informed consent who are undergoing an emergency surgical procedure, a second consultant opinion will be sought and the second consultant will document in the electronic record their opinion. In non-emergency situations, a Best Interests Meeting will convene and the outcome documented. In all cases, documentation will include the risks of performing the surgery, and the converse risks of doing nothing and continuing conservative treatment only.”

    Source location

    Response from UCLH
    Page 1 · response
    Published 30 September 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Record subspecialty agreement to implement the amended consent policy through local governance committees.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Documentation of speciality agreement to implement this new policy will occur through local governance committees. This will be audited within six months.”

    Source location

    Response from UCLH
    Page 1 · response
    Published 30 September 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Audit implementation of the amended consent policy within six months.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Documentation of speciality agreement to implement this new policy will occur through local governance committees. This will be audited within six months.”

    Source location

    Response from UCLH
    Page 1 · response
    Published 30 September 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Incorporate the PFD learning into subspecialty Trust induction covering ward-round documentation and the consent policy within three months.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The learning from this PFD will be incorporated into Trust induction on a subspecialty level, to ensure the ward round documentation requirements are clear for future resident doctors and there is familiarity with the consent policy. This timeline for this is three months for completion.”

    Source location

    Response from UCLH
    Page 2 · response
    Published 30 September 2024

    Open published response
  3. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Jeffrey MARSHALL · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jeffrey Marshall died at St Peter’s Hospital in Chertsey on 13 December 2023 after suffering an ischaemic stroke caused by thrombosis of the basilar artery, following a fall and subdural haematoma. His anticoagulation had been withheld for 47 days. The principal concern was the lack of national guidance on when to recommence anticoagulation after a head injury and the lack of guidance on discussing the risks and benefits of withholding it with patients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide recommendations for discussing anticoagulation withholding risks and benefits with patients

    Wider context from the report

    “- Mr Marshall was prescribed anticoagulation (Edoxaban) to mitigate his increased risk of developing thrombus due to atrial fibrillation and a permanent pacemaker; - Anticoagulation was withheld following a traumatic head injury, in accordance with NICE guidance; - There is no national guidance to assist clinicians in determining when anticoagulation should be recommenced in this scenario, nor any recommendation for clinicians to discuss the risks and benefits of withholding anticoagulation with patients to enable them to make an informed decision as to when to recommence anticoagulation. Consideration should be given to whether any steps can be taken to address the above concerns. ”

    Source location

    Jeffrey MARSHALL · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Assess the issue through the guidelines surveillance process to determine whether guidance recommendations should be updated or newly issued.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In summary, we agree that this specific question is not well covered by current guidance. NICE will consider the issues raised through our guidelines surveillance team and process, and update or issue new guidance recommendations, accordingly, depending on the outcome of these considerations. We will also discuss with relevant specialist societies the possibility of reaching a consensus statement on this subject.”

    Source location

    Response from NICE
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2024

    Open published response
  4. South Yorkshire (Western)

    AI-generated summary

    Millie-Rae Needham · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Millie-Rae Needham was born on 6 August 2020 and died in the neonatal unit on 9 August 2020 after a 23-minute delay in delivery during which her condition was not adequately monitored. Concerns included the move from consultant-led to midwife-led care without consultation, inadequate foetal heart-rate monitoring, limited discussion of birthing options, and safeguards for patients not receiving continuous monitoring.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of discussion of birthing options before labour

    Wider context from the report

    “3. The lack of discussion with ████████ about birthing options prior to labour and therefore the lack of engagement with the pregnant woman is concerning. ”

    Source location

    Millie-Rae Needham · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  5. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    William DOLEMAN and 3 others · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Four patients died following ERCP-related complications within a six-month period. The concerns included inadequate pre-procedure assessment and patient pathways, insufficient recording of procedure vetting, non-personalised consent, and unclear accountability between professionals for vetting and consent.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to discuss relevant ERCP patient factors with the patient

    Wider context from the report

    “1. A lack of robust patient pathway to ensure that all patient factors relevant to the clinical indication for, and safety of, ERCP are identified in advance of the procedure and discussed with the patient. ”

    Source location

    William DOLEMAN and 3 others · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate two permanent consultant-staffed clinics to discuss ERCP indications, risks and alternatives with referred outpatients.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Two new 2-hour clinics have been set up, that will run 52 weeks a year, staffed by consultants who undertake ERCPs. These sessions have already commenced and permanent funding is currently being agreed. This clinic time will be used to meet, either virtually or in person, with all out-patients referred for ERCP to discuss the indications, risks and alternatives.”

    Source location

    2021-0432-Response-from-City-Hospital-Campus_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 December 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide inpatient information booklets and obtain consent through ERCP endoscopist ward reviews before procedures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is not currently possible for individual personalised risk to be calculated precisely although there are aspirations for this at some point in the future. It is possible to provide estimates of the relative risk to an individual patient in relation to the population risks and to ensure that this is documented in the patient record. A number of actions to support this have already commenced:”

    Source location

    2021-0432-Response-from-City-Hospital-Campus_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 December 2021

    Open published response
  6. Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Roger Albert Saxby · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Roger Albert Saxby died from natural causes, to which delay in treatment and lack of urgency contributed. Concerns included inadequate staffing and resources at Royal Sussex County Hospital, delays in transfer and thrombolysis, and an unstructured discussion about his subsequent care, including two hub-to-hub transfers within 36 hours.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient discussion with patients about their care

    Wider context from the report

    “There are basic requirements for staffing and resources for a vascular hub. Royal Sussex County Hospital does not meet these requirements. As a result of this failing it was necessary for Mr Saxby to be transferred to another hub – at inquest I heard that this was an almost unheard of transfer. It is unacceptable that a vascular hub does not meet the basic requirements and provide the basic resources. I heard that measures are ‘in place’ for this situation to be remedied, but in my view that is not good enough. There is no guarantee that in a weeks time another Mr Saxby will not appear on a Friday afternoon or evening and require the full resources that he should receive but find they are not available. Resources may be reduced but that is not an excuse for providing unsafe services. In addition, the decision to transfer Mr Saxby to St George’s was delayed and on arrival at St George’s the start of thrombolysis was also delayed. After Mr Saxby received his thrombolysis at St George’s, it became clear that the discussion about what should happen to him next was completely unstructured. None of those involved in his case demonstrated any sense of urgency. There was insufficient discussion with Mr Saxby. Having had one ‘most unusual’ transfer from hub to hub there was apparently no thought that another ‘most unusual’ transfer from hub to hub might not be in Mr Saxby’s best interest. The essence of the first transfer is to ensure the patient is transferred from spoke to hub speedily so they can receive specialist care in a centre of excellence. There should never need to be a hub to hub transfer and certainly not two of them within 36 hours of each other. ”

    Source location

    Roger Albert Saxby · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Care plans and team communication were clear, although lost clinical notes prevented demonstrating that structure.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The clinicians involved in Mr Saxby’s care have reiterated that they were clear about the actions and plans. There was good communication within the team and they had conveyed the plan to Mr Saxby at each stage. Most regrettably, as you were made aware at the inquest, the clinical notes made by the vascular team were lost and this lamentable situation has meant that they have been unable to demonstrate that there was clarity and structure in the care plan.”

    Source location

    2017-0365-Response-by-St-Georges-Universty-Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    There were repeated discussions with the patient about amputation, despite lost records preventing corroboration.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Prof Loftus has indicated that he saw Mr. Saxby on five occasions over the 48-hour period and Mr. Ben Patterson saw the patient more often than that. ████████ has”

    Source location

    2017-0365-Response-by-St-Georges-Universty-Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 February 2018

    Open published response
  7. Norfolk

    AI-generated summary

    Barbara Mary Anne Mayer · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Barbara Mary Anne Mayer had a history of depression and was found drowned in a nearby pond on 16 November 2014 after leaving her house during the early hours. Concerns included carer fatigue not being followed up, lack of continuity in her care, treatments not being adequately discussed with her, and no urgent mental health assessment being available when she needed help on 14 November 2014.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to discuss treatment reasoning and efficacy with patients

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) Different treatments were offered to Mrs Mayer without the reasoning or their efficacy being discussed with her. ”

    Source location

    Barbara Mary Anne Mayer · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Emphasise informed decision-making practice through clinical forums and the patient safety newsletter.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This is recognised to be important because it is difficult to make informed decisions if the individual is not in receipt of all the required information. The Trust supports the best practice of informed decision making and is sorry this was not evident for Mrs Mayer.”

    Source location

    2015-0113-Response-by-Norfolk-Suffolk-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 March 2015

    Open published response
  8. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Agnes Mary Hannan · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Agnes Mary Hannan, who had autoimmune hepatitis with cirrhosis, attended Tameside General Hospital several times with severe abdominal pain before being admitted. She was diagnosed with Superior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis causing bowel infarction and died on 21 September 2013. The report identified concerns about delayed diagnosis, inadequate monitoring and hydration, poor communication and handover, incomplete records, lack of multidisciplinary involvement, and insufficient communication with her family about her condition and end-of-life care.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure full and meaningful discussion before initiating the End-of-Life Care Pathway

    Wider context from the report

    “11. The End-of-Life Care Pathway must be initiated only after full and meaningful discussion with the patient and/or her family. In the present case there was no evidence to show that any such discussion had taken place. ”

    Source location

    Agnes Mary Hannan · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review and update the DNACPR policy to require clear, accurate communication and discussion with patients or those close to them.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust’s DNACPR policy has been reviewed since Mrs Hannan was treated at the Trust and in accordance with R (on the application of ████████ v Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The new policy emphasizes the importance of discussion with patients / their family. Also, a DVD has been created and is available on the Trust’s intranet. This was also promoted through screen savers to inform staff of the new policy and emphasize its importance.”

    Source location

    2014-0573-Response-by-Tameside-Hospital-NHS-Trust
    Page 5 · response
    Published 27 October 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Create and disseminate a DNACPR policy DVD through the Trust intranet and staff screen savers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust’s DNACPR policy has been reviewed since Mrs Hannan was treated at the Trust and in accordance with R (on the application of ████████ v Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. The new policy emphasizes the importance of discussion with patients / their family. Also, a DVD has been created and is available on the Trust’s intranet. This was also promoted through screen savers to inform staff of the new policy and emphasize its importance.”

    Source location

    2014-0573-Response-by-Tameside-Hospital-NHS-Trust
    Page 5 · response
    Published 27 October 2014

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026