Recurring concern

Unreliable objective criteria for safety risk assessment

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First reported 3 Dec 2013•Latest report 7 Apr 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of generic safety risk-assessment criteria, tools or processes where objective criteria are absent, inconsistently applied, unclear, incomplete or insufficient to support consistent risk ratings across practitioners.

Not included

  • Excludes risk assessments belonging to a separately named system, pathway or hazard when that named concern provides the more specific parent boundary.
  • Excludes failures limited to recording, communicating or acting on a risk assessment when the assessment criteria themselves are adequate.
  • Excludes generic training, staffing or supervision deficiencies unless they directly cause unreliable application or design of the risk-assessment criteria.
  • Excludes clinical or operational decisions that do not identify an unsafe deficiency in the objectivity, consistency or clarity of risk-assessment criteria.
Reports
26

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
26

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2013–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
35

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

HM Prison and Probation Service4
Department of Health and Social Care3
Greater Manchester Police3
Metropolitan Police Service2
Ministry of Justice2
Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust1
Barts Health NHS Trust1
B & D Civil Engineers Ltd1
Care Quality Commission1
Care UK1
Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust1
Dorset Healthcare University NHS Foundation Trust1
East London NHS Foundation Trust1
Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust1
G4S1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Warwickshire

    AI-generated summary

    Matilda Rose Davis · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Matilda was found deceased at her home shortly after an urgent safeguarding visit concerning her mental health and the welfare of her children. The inquest identified concerns that suicide prevention training was not mandatory for frontline practitioners, that she was not asked directly about suicidal ideation, and that she was not signposted to crisis support services.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to directly ask about suicidal ideation when suicidal thoughts are indicated in referral information

    Wider context from the report

    “Evidence heard during the inquest confirmed that suicide prevention training is not mandatory for frontline practitioners and staff within Warwickshire Children’s Services. The social worker and support worker who visited Matilda had not received suicide prevention training, although such training was available within the organisation. In the absence of mandatory suicide prevention training, Matilda was not asked directly about suicidal ideation during the visit, where reference was made to suicidal thoughts within the referral context. It was also noted that she was not signposted to crisis support services at that time. The non-mandatory nature of suicide prevention training may give rise to variability in practice when practitioners are required to explore, record, or respond to indications of possible self harm or suicidal thoughts. ”

    Source location

    Matilda Rose Davis · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver phased, mandatory Tier 2 practitioner training to identified Children and Families staff, with refreshers and ongoing training for new starters.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Tier 2 – Practitioner response (mandatory) This tier is designed for staff working directly with individuals at risk, including social workers, family practitioners, and personal advisors. The focus is on developing applied skills and confidence in:”

    Source location

    Response from Warwickshire County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 13 April 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Tier 2 practitioner training will be phased over three years because financial considerations and workforce capacity constrain faster implementation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Tier 2 Delivery Model and Timescale Delivery of Tier 2 training will follow a phased three-year implementation model, reflecting both financial considerations and workforce capacity.”

    Source location

    Response from Warwickshire County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 13 April 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Mandatory completion of universal suicide-awareness training across the Council remains subject to further corporate agreement.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Delivery will be through the updated 2024 e-learning programme, ensuring content is aligned with current best practice in suicide prevention, supported by a single, accessible intranet resource hub which signposts to additional resources and pathways for support (including Dear Life). A refreshed and regularly reviewed suicide prevention intranet page will act as the central resource hub, building on the existing WCC Suicide Prevention page and ensuring consistent access to guidance and training materials, as well as signposting resources.”

    Source location

    Response from Warwickshire County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 13 April 2026

    Open published response
  2. Northamptonshire

    AI-generated summary

    Mr John Hay · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mr John Hay, who lived alone and received domiciliary care, suffered an unwitnessed fall at home on 26 September 2024 and later died from a subdural haemorrhage on 2 October 2024. The report raised concerns about incomplete risk assessment, unclear escalation for medical input after a fall, and unclear processes for addressing missing or spent medication.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient coverage of blood-thinner-related scenarios in care-plan risk assessments

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The Risk Assessment in the Care Plan is neither completed nor reviewed with nursing or medical input, but includes, amongst other things, actions to be taken when a person is on blood thinners. In the present case, the only scenario covered was in relation to a person who has “heavy bleeding”. The obligation to complete the risk assessment and determine actions falls upon the care team, none of whom have any medical training, aside from basic first aid. ”

    Source location

    Mr John Hay · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update the standard anticoagulant risk assessment to require emergency calls after falls or head blows and disclosure of anticoagulant use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Updated Anticoagulant Risk: we have updated our standard anticoagulant risk assessment across all our services. The updated version now explicitly lists a fall or any blow to the head as a trigger requiring carers to call 999 and to inform emergency services that the service user is on anticoagulant medication.”

    Source location

    Response from The Care Bureau
    Page 3 · response
    Published 13 April 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update the standard falls risk assessment to distinguish witnessed and unwitnessed falls and require anticoagulant checks and emergency notification.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Updated Falls Risk: we have updated our standard falls risk across all our services. The updated version distinguishes between witnessed falls (requiring a 999 call) and unwitnessed falls (requiring a 111 call), and in both cases requires carers to check whether the service user is on anticoagulant medication and to inform the relevant emergency service.”

    Source location

    Response from The Care Bureau
    Page 3 · response
    Published 13 April 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review anticoagulant users’ Care Plans and Carer App notes to ensure anticoagulant risks are appropriately highlighted.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. Review of Relevant Service Users: we have reviewed the Care Plans and Carer App notes for all service users who use anticoagulants to ensure that the Anticoagulant Risk is appropriately highlighted.”

    Source location

    Response from The Care Bureau
    Page 3 · response
    Published 13 April 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implemented measures are considered sufficient to address the concerns and reduce the likelihood of similar issues arising.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Taking all of the above into account, West Northamptonshire Council is satisfied that appropriate measures have been implemented to address the concerns and reduce the likelihood of similar issues arising in the future.”

    Source location

    Response from West Northamptonshire Council
    Page 1 · response
    Published 13 April 2026

    Open published response
  3. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Elise Kay Louise Sebastian · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Elise Kay Louise Sebastian tied a fatal ligature in her room on Longview Ward on 17 April 2021 and died two days later in hospital. The principal concerns included inadequate and falsified observations, insufficiently trained and staffed ward personnel, poor communication about ligaturing and self-harm, medication-recording errors, failures involving Oxevision, and other care and record-keeping deficiencies.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Incomplete risk assessments failing to include all ligatures

    Wider context from the report

    “5. The observation level for each young person is decided by the medical staff at the Trust and can be altered dependent on the patient’s risk level. The Trust Policy had a protocol on how observations should be conducted. All observations should be recorded by the staff on formal observation sheets. There were sheets for Level 1 and another sheet for the levels 2,3 & 4. Risk assessments were incomplete and not all ligatures were included. The entries in the records were not all consistent, some contradicted others and this included the levels of observations required to keep Elise safe on the observation charts that were required to be completed. This was confusing and remains a concern as these are entries made by qualified Trust staff who have received training in observations. During the Trust internal investigation after Elise’s death, the investigator visited the ward and found observations were not being conducted in accordance with the Trust Policy. ”

    Source location

    Elise Kay Louise Sebastian · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue developing and refreshing personalised, descriptive risk assessments and safety plans, with daily prioritisation of significant risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In summary, risk assessment at the Trust have moved away from RAG rating and become more descriptive. This is part of the Trust move towards personalised risk assessment and safety planning in line with NICE guidance.”

    Source location

    2026-0078 - Response from Essex University Partnership Trust
    Page 13 · response
    Published 13 February 2026

    Open published response
  4. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Mansoor Zaman · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mansoor Zaman, a 27-year-old man with a history of suicidality, substance misuse and EUPD, absconded from a mental health ward on 8 December 2024 after displaying suicidal intent and erratic and aggressive behaviour. His body was recovered on 29 December 2024. The substantive concerns included failures to use available mental health authorisations, reassess risk and observation levels, adequately document care, and promptly report him missing to police; the inquest jury identified some of these failures as factors that probably or possibly contributed to his death.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inaccurate categorisation of risk as medium after a patient absconds

    Wider context from the report

    “7. The categorisation of the risk presented by Mr Zaman as of a medium level by the nurse in charge when considering action to be taken after he absconded. ”

    Source location

    Mansoor Zaman · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver mandatory refresher training on structured risk assessment, dynamic risk documentation and appropriate observation levels, with monthly compliance audits.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “11. To improve staff risk assessment and observation practice the Ward staff will undertake mandatory refresher training on completing structured risk assessments and documenting dynamic changes in risk. This includes practical guidance on when observations should be increased and when zonal observations should be used. It will also highlight clear expectations for recording changes in presentation in real time. This will take place within the next two months.”

    Source location

    2026-0072 - Response from East London NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 12 February 2026

    Open published response
  5. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Zara Natasha Aleena · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Zara Natasha Aleena died at the Royal London Hospital on 26 June 2022 after sustaining a severe traumatic brain injury during an unprovoked attack while walking home in Ilford. The report identifies concerns about understaffing, risk assessment, information sharing, supervision, recall procedures and coordination across the Probation Service, police and other agencies, as well as concerns about training and reporting of predatory behaviour.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to conduct timely risk assessments with complementary risk management plans

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) The understanding around risk assessment was poor, at all levels of staffing. The practical application of risk assessment was poor at all levels of staffing. Risk was not assessed at appropriate times, and the assessment of risk was not accompanied by a complementary risk management plan. Risk management plans were once prepared before risk was fully assessed (as occurred with the setting of licence conditions). One practitioner was advised to set a risk level to match other completed documents (without analysis of risk itself). Practitioners did not holistically assess risk and take account of potential indicators of serious harm, to include use of weapons; attitudes supportive of violence; callousness and high increased frequency of lower-level violence. ”

    Source location

    Zara Natasha Aleena · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver revised risk-assessment training to new practitioners and introduce new training for experienced staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3.3. As set out in our response to His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation Serious Further Offence Review, the RoSH Guidance is based on the right evidence, including learning from Serious Further Offence Reviews and Domestic Homicide Reviews, but there are ongoing organisational challenges in its implementation. We are taking steps to address the barriers to its effectiveness, but we know there is more to do, and we will publish a new HMPPS Public Protection Strategy by the end of March 2025. We have already made changes to the suite of risk training which all new learners on the Probation qualification route and new Probation Service Officers complete.”

    Source location

    Response from HMPPS and MoJ
    Page 4 · response
    Published 2 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver further risk-assessment training events for practitioners responsible for managing people in the community.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3.4. The structured process of risk assessment as set out in the RoSH Guidance, if followed, supports staff to think about an individual’s behaviour holistically, not just the index offence; and make reflective, logical, and informed decisions about risk. The section on risk management provides a structure to produce risk management plans that address the identified risks and set actions to protect people at risk.”

    Source location

    Response from HMPPS and MoJ
    Page 4 · response
    Published 2 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop, pilot and launch the Continuing Professional Development risk-learning product for experienced practitioners.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4.4. Experienced Probation Practitioners are required to revisit and complete their training in relation to Child Safeguarding and Domestic Abuse on a three-year cycle. Knowledge and understanding of risk assessment and management are further developed through experience of the work and its supervision. However, historically there has not been a requirement to attend further formal training on risk assessment and management. Having recognised that risk practice is not consistently at a sufficient standard, in December 2023 a new Continuing Professional Development risk learning product was commissioned to address this gap. This is intended to enable experienced practitioners to explore in-depth concepts related to risk assessment and to ensure their practice knowledge is up to date.”

    Source location

    Response from HMPPS and MoJ
    Page 5 · response
    Published 2 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and roll out the ARNS digital assessment and sentence-planning service with supporting staff learning.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7.4. More broadly, we are investing in the Assessing Risks, Needs and Strengths (ARNS) project, the replacement for OASys to be used in prisons and by the Probation Service. The project aims to deliver a transformational change in how we assess offenders, using the latest international evidence, including that on criminal desistance. In addition to a new enabling digital service for assessment and sentence planning, there is a comprehensive new learning and development offer to support staff to adapt and enhance their practice. The roll-out of ARNS is scheduled to begin in the third quarter of 2025 and be in place fully by the third quarter of 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from HMPPS and MoJ
    Page 7 · response
    Published 2 August 2024

    Open published response
  6. North London

    AI-generated summary

    Lamont Ashley Roper · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Lamont Ashley Roper was found dead at the bottom of Lock 17 after entering the canal following a cycling pursuit, a stop-and-search request, and a struggle with a police officer near the canal railings. The concerns included the availability of water-rescue equipment and resources, access to specialised divers, and the risks and training associated with police cycle patrols and pursuits near bodies of water.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to factor water rescue equipment availability into dynamic patrol risk assessments

    Wider context from the report

    “3. The coroner recommends to the MPS to implement a requirement for officers conducting pre-planned operations along stretches of a canal or other bodies of water to make themselves aware of the availability (or non-availability) of water rescue equipment in order for this to be factored into their ongoing dynamic risk assessment whilst on patrol” ”

    Source location

    Lamont Ashley Roper · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide throw-line access for officers conducting pre-planned operations near bodies of water.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Officers either specifically tasked with patrols by bodies of water, or part of planned operations, are required to have a throw line available to them. This may extend to access from a nearby vehicle.”

    Source location

    Response from Metropolitan Police Service
    Page 3 · response
    Published 30 October 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Officers on pre-planned operations near water are already required to have access to throw lines under the Water Intervention Risk Assessment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As above, officers conducting pre-planned operations along bodies of water, are now required to have access to throw lines which is covered in the MPS Water Intervention Risk Assessment.”

    Source location

    Response from Metropolitan Police Service
    Page 3 · response
    Published 30 October 2023

    Open published response
  7. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Doris Irene URCH · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Doris Irene Urch, aged 90, fell at a care home on 6 February 2023 after support was not offered while she was ambulating. She sustained an acute left frontal intracranial haemorrhage and died on 28 February 2023. Concerns included inadequate fall-risk assessment and care planning, staff unfamiliarity with the care plan, failure to update it after an earlier fall, and inadequate preservation of historical care plans.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of risk assessment to engage with the particular patient

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The Question and Answer tickbox form for Risk Assessment seemed to me to leave much to be desired. It was excessively binary and meant that those who filled it in did not need to “engage” with the particular patient. ”

    Source location

    Doris Irene URCH · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
  8. Birmingham and Solihull

    AI-generated summary

    Norma Winifred BRUTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Norma Winifred BRUTON was admitted to hospital with a pneumothorax and other lung conditions, suffered an unwitnessed fall while walking to the bathroom, and sustained a fractured neck of femur. Her condition deteriorated after surgery and she died in hospital; concerns related to falls-risk assessments not prompting staff to consider or document attachments such as chest drains and intravenous infusions, or their relevance to falls risk.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of the falls risk assessment document to prompt consideration or documentation of attachments

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The Birmingham Heartlands Hospital falls risk assessment document does not prompt staff to consider or document the presence of attachments such as chest drains or intravenous infusions. 2. The document does not prompt staff to comment on the relevance or otherwise of such attachments when assessing the risk of falls. 3. Where attachments are documented on other forms (for example, the manual handling assessment form), this does not prompt the staff to reconsider the falls risk assessment. ”

    Source location

    Norma Winifred BRUTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the falls risk assessment and identify required improvements to capture equipment-related mobility risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Updates to falls risk assessment document We have considered the concerns you have raised within your report to prevent future deaths and we are taking steps to add in a drop down menu, within the falls risk assessment, which will allow staff to select an appropriate option if a patient has any equipment, such as drains, in place. This will then also be recorded in the PHAF (Patient Handling Assessment Form) therefore attachments will be reflected in both risk assessments. This will further increase staff awareness of falls risk factors.”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Add a PICS falls-assessment dropdown for equipment such as drains and record the selected information in the Patient Handling Assessment Form.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Updates to falls risk assessment document We have considered the concerns you have raised within your report to prevent future deaths and we are taking steps to add in a drop down menu, within the falls risk assessment, which will allow staff to select an appropriate option if a patient has any equipment, such as drains, in place. This will then also be recorded in the PHAF (Patient Handling Assessment Form) therefore attachments will be reflected in both risk assessments. This will further increase staff awareness of falls risk factors.”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Manual handling and falls assessments need not automatically feed into each other because staff are expected to consider them together with other records.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The information recorded in the manual handling assessment has not been designed to automatically feed into the falls risk assessment as this was considered to be a duplication of the information in the patient record. The recommendation is that these assessments are looked at in combination not isolation.”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2023

    Open published response
  9. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Rebecca Alice Fisher · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Rebecca Alice Fisher was found deceased by her family on 15 April 2022 after being reported missing from a mental health ward following unescorted leave. A post-mortem found a fatal dose of drugs, including pregabalin. The principal concern was that Greater Manchester Police did not assess her as a high-risk missing person, resulting in delays to mobile telephone enquiries and specialised input; concerns also included gaps in staff understanding, documentation, information sharing, and the implementation of training and guidance.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of understanding that short periods away from mental health units do not preclude high-risk status when a patient fails to return

    Wider context from the report

    “The inquest heard evidence that GMP have guidance to support officers in assessing risk and guiding actions when there is a missing person report. The evidence was that despite the existence of the policy/document the risk was not recognised as being high risk and the appropriate actions were not taken immediately. The evidence indicated that a number of factors were key in this failure to accurately assess the risk. This included: 1. Poor understanding by GMP staff of the fact that a patient detained on a voluntary basis in a mental health ward could still be high risk if they failed to return; 2. Lack of understanding by GMP staff that the use by mental health units of short periods away from the unit to support a patient’s recovery did not mean a patient could not be high risk if they did not return; 3. Lack of understanding by officers of how to apply the golden hour guidance and what was the expectation in terms of timeliness of undertaking the steps within the guidance coupled with a lack of understanding by some officers of the way/cost to GMP in accessing mobile phone data such as cell site; and 4. Poor quality documentation and information sharing between officers and supervision in relation to information from the family and the mental health unit. The inquest was told that GMP had rolled out an Aide Memoire system to try to embed greater consistency and understanding of the policy across GMP. The Aide Memoires were recognised as being an effective tool. However, there was no evidence available to assist in understanding if the Aide Memoires were being used effectively across the force and how GMP were measuring the implementation of them. Evidence was given to the inquest that GMP have introduced further training on missing persons. However, the effectiveness of that training was unclear given witnesses who had been on the training who gave evidence remained of the view that Rebecca was not a high-risk missing person despite all of the evidence available at the inquest. ”

    Source location

    Rebecca Alice Fisher · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and disseminate a seven-minute briefing on mental-health terminology, associated risk, Golden Hour principles, communications data, costs, and Aide Memoire use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “GMP want to ensure that its staff and officers understand the terminology used by mental health services for voluntary mental health patients and for those who have unescorted leave. To address this, I have asked the Organisational Learning Development Group (OLDG) to produce a seven-minute briefing. A seven-minute briefing is widely used across organisations as research suggests that seven minutes is an ideal time span to concentrate and learning is more memorable, as it is simple and not clouded by other issues and pressures. It is delivered in a flow chart form, in person by supervisors. This format also allows the recipients to ask questions following the briefing to confirm their understanding.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Police
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Circulate an interim memorandum to District Commanders for dissemination on mental-health terminology, risk, Golden Hour tasks, and mobile-phone data access.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Whilst this briefing package is being designed by the OLDG, GMP have, in the short term, circulated a memorandum to all District Commanders explaining the issues highlighted from this inquest and an explanation of the terminology used in mental health settings and previous misconception of risk. The notification also includes the information detailed within the response to point three below regarding golden hour tasks and a lack of understanding around the cost of accessing mobile phone data. The District Commanders will then disseminate this to their divisional supervisors and colleagues.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 17 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review whether further supervisor training on missing-person investigations, risk assessment, Golden Hour principles, communications data, and costs should be provided and determine its form.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To further address this issue across the organisation, the professional standards branch referred the matter to GMP’s training school, as it was recognised that supervisors who have been substantive for a long period of time may not have had any recent training or continuous professional development (CPD) with regards to investigating missing persons, Golden Hour tasks and risk assessments.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Police
    Page 4 · response
    Published 17 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Include Golden Hour guidance, cell-siting costs, family updates, and mental-health learning in operational briefings, then verify completion across districts.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The MPSU are also sending a notification to all operational Superintendents across the Force to state that the Golden Hour principles guidance is included within operational briefings alongside information regarding the cost of cell siting. The briefings will also include a reminder to operational Sergeants to keep the next of kin and family of the missing person updated, as per the concern raised in point four and include details of this case as an example of the importance of correct risk assessment and understanding of mental health terminology.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Police
    Page 4 · response
    Published 17 May 2023

    Open published response
  10. North Northumberland and South Northumberland

    AI-generated summary

    Odessa Carey · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Odessa Carey was last seen alive at her home on 4 April 2019 and was found dead on 7 April 2019; the inquest recorded the conclusion “Unlawfully killed”. The report raised concerns about multi-agency risk assessment, substance-misuse referrals, discharge and care coordination, risk assessment, record keeping, and delays in referral to the Community Treatment Team.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inconsistent approaches to risk assessment

    Wider context from the report

    “6. FACE Risk assessment tool I am concerned that there continues to be an inconsistent approach to the assessment of risk. Various methods are still being deployed and there is a possibility of a disparity in the understanding of the risk to the service user and others. ”

    Source location

    Odessa Carey · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026