Recurring concern

Unsafe discharge planning for vulnerable prisoners

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First reported 21 Feb 2017•Latest report 13 Mar 2024

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in the end-to-end planning and coordination of discharge for vulnerable prisoners, including assessment from admission, accommodation, primary-care registration, mental-health and substance-misuse support, multi-agency planning, information transfer, responsibility allocation and confirmation that required aftercare is arranged.

Not included

  • Excludes ordinary prisoner release or discharge where no vulnerability, complex care need or safety-related discharge-planning deficiency is identified.
  • Excludes failures limited to post-release healthcare continuity after discharge planning and handover were adequate.
  • Excludes generic prison staffing, training or communication deficiencies unless they directly impair vulnerable-prisoner discharge planning.
  • Excludes general hospital or community discharge processes without a prisoner-discharge context.
  • Excludes the separate concern about high-risk-offender release arrangements when the assertion concerns public-protection release controls rather than vulnerable prisoners’ discharge needs and aftercare.
Reports
2

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
2

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2017–2024

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
16

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust1
Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust1
G4S1
HM Prison and Probation Service1
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust1
Swansea Bay University Local Health Board1
West Midlands Police1
Woodhill Prison1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Birmingham and Solihull

    AI-generated summary

    Jacob Michael Nicholas BILLINGTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jacob Michael Nicholas Billington was unlawfully killed when he was stabbed in the neck during a night out in Birmingham on 6 September 2020. The concerns included inadequate coordination and information-sharing between agencies during the release of a high-risk prisoner with serious mental health difficulties, and a lack of clear cross-agency guidance and understanding of responsibilities.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of cross-agency provisions and guidance for release planning of high-risk prisoners with mental health difficulties

    Wider context from the report

    “3. Cross agency guidance regarding release of high risk prisoners with mental health difficulties at their sentence end date. There are no provisions available nor any cross agency guidance in place for when a high-risk prisoner is released at sentence end date to ensure that there is adequate release planning and maximum support in the community. ”

    Source location

    Jacob Michael Nicholas BILLINGTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce resettlement-services drop-in sessions for prisoners approaching release.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Resettlement services drop-in sessions have been introduced and approved laptops have been received from HMPPS to roll out remote sessions under resettlement activities, to encourage engagement with resettlement services by prisoners approaching release and to provide opportunities to gather further information.”

    Source location

    Response from G4S Care Justice Services (UK) Ltd
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Roll out remote resettlement-services sessions using approved laptops.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Resettlement services drop-in sessions have been introduced and approved laptops have been received from HMPPS to roll out remote sessions under resettlement activities, to encourage engagement with resettlement services by prisoners approaching release and to provide opportunities to gather further information.”

    Source location

    Response from G4S Care Justice Services (UK) Ltd
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Require offender managers to notify Community Offender Managers about sentence-end releases involving no fixed abode and provide release-destination information.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Whilst Community Offender Managers have responsibility for the coordination of release planning, notice was given by email to all offender managers within HMP & YOI Parc that they must notify the relevant Community Offender Manager when a prisoner is being released at sentence end date and will be of no fixed abode. When doing so, they must provide any information relating to a prisoner’s intentions in terms of where they are going on the day of release. This will assist the Community Offender Manager to effectively manage the prisoner’s release, and to coordinate and link in with other external agencies believed by the Community Offender Manager to be relevant to coordinate interagency working.”

    Source location

    Response from G4S Care Justice Services (UK) Ltd
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Include the BSMHFT MAPPA Clinical Lead in developing a sustainable MAPPA engagement strategy and identifying alternative arrangements for gaps.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Deputy Medical Director chaired an initial scoping meeting in response to these issues identified by the PFD on 10th April 2024, culminating in agreement on 3 primary areas of focus:”

    Source location

    Response from BSMHFT
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the Prison Discharge Coordinator job description, role scope and potential additional resource requirements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Role of the Prison Discharge Coordinator. The Standard Operating Procedure has been revised. In addition to this there is an intention to review the Job Description of this role and understand in more depth the scope of what this role can achieve currently or will need to achieve in the future including any potential additional resource requirements. This review is aimed at aligning the role’s”

    Source location

    Response from BSMHFT
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the Prison In-reach and CMHT interaction process, complete a gap analysis and develop a plan to strengthen continuity of care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. Interface between Prison In-reach and the CMHT- A comprehensive review of the current interaction process between the Prison In-reach team and the CMHT is planned. This will involve a detailed gap analysis to determine areas needing strengthening. We aim to develop a clear plan to enhance this interface, thereby improving continuity of care and ensuring that individuals receive the necessary support as they transition from prison to community-based services.”

    Source location

    Response from BSMHFT
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement an improved referral and discharge procedure through the updated standard operating protocol.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In the meantime we can offer you assurances that since the events that culminated in Mr Billington’s death the Trust has improved the structure and supervision surrounding the prison discharge coordinator roles, such that the practitioners have weekly supervision with opportunity to escalate cases of concern, and an improved system of referrals and discharge procedures, reflected in the updated standard operating protocol. This means that in the event of a similar situation occurring again, there would be sufficient structure to ensure and support the flexibility in service provision to prevent such an individual falling between services, even where they had been discharged from active multiagency management by MAPPA.”

    Source location

    Response from BSMHFT
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Hold formal admission handovers and pre-release meetings with transferring mental-health teams or prisons and relevant agencies.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Formal hand over of care is received from the transferring Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) or previous prison via a formal meeting”

    Source location

    Response from Swansea Bay University Health Board
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct multidisciplinary pre-discharge reviews and formal pre-release planning meetings four to six weeks before known release dates.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Discharge to Community”

    Source location

    Response from Swansea Bay University Health Board
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide policing support to partners concerning high-risk prisoners with mental health difficulties released at sentence end.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This issue will be addressed by HMPPS, however we will ensure we provide support from a policing perspective to partners in relation to high-risk prisoners with mental health difficulties at their sentence end date. From a policing perspective, it is important to note that the IT systems now in place (as described in evidence during the inquest) have changed meaning that there are now better opportunities to identify someone if they have been assessed as being at an increased risk to themselves or others.”

    Source location

    Response from West Midlands Police
    Page 4 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Revise and reissue the sentence-end-date release practice document, and embed its expectations in staff development sessions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “For a prisoner to still be detained in custody at the point of sentence expiry is usually as a result of them having been recalled to custody. This means they remain the responsibility of the Probation Community Offender Manager (COM) until the point of release at the sentence end date (SED). There is no statutory authority for Probation supervision of a prisoner released into the community at SED. The sharing of information prior to release into the community in an effective manner with relevant agencies is therefore of paramount importance. The Probation Service West Midlands has a practice document which sets out the expectations for Practitioners when cases are being released at SED. This document has been revised and reissued to all staff and embedded in development sessions delivered by the Regional Quality Team.”

    Source location

    Response from HMPPS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Promote the NHS Reconnect Service to probation practitioners to support referrals for through-the-gate transition support.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS-England are commissioned to provide healthcare in Prisons. The sharing of information between health in custody and health in the community is a core feature of the nationally rolled out NHS-England Reconnect Service. West Midlands Probation Service has actively promoted the Reconnect Service with Probation Practitioners in recent months to ensure they are aware of how to refer into this service in Prison for support “through the gate”, the transition period from prison into the community.”

    Source location

    Response from HMPPS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Concerns about SystmOne, cross-agency release guidance and the MAPPA discharge coordinator fall outside G4S’s power to address.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “G4S confines its response to the first concern identified relating to the management of release from prison and interagency working.”

    Source location

    Response from G4S Care Justice Services (UK) Ltd
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    G4S cannot influence release management or interagency working at private prisons operated by other providers or HMPPS.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, G4S has no power to influence the management of release of prisoners from, and/or to ensure interagency working at, private prisons operated by other providers or HMPPS operations.”

    Source location

    Response from G4S Care Justice Services (UK) Ltd
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Other interested persons addressed by the report are better placed to consider concerns 2, 3 and 4 and determine any response.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “G4S has no power to take action regarding concerns 2, 3 and 4, and, therefore, is not in a position to assist HM Senior Coroner with regard to these concerns. Other interested persons to whom the Regulation 28 report has been addressed are better able to consider the concerns raised, take action and/or explain why no action is proposed.”

    Source location

    Response from G4S Care Justice Services (UK) Ltd
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    HMPPS is responsible for providing and operating resettlement services, which are delivered by HMPPS-commissioned external providers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “HMPPS has responsibility for provision and operation of resettlement services. Such resettlement services at HMP & YOI Parc are commissioned by HMPPS from external providers who are based within the prison to facilitate resettlement services for prisoners approaching release from custody. G4S is not party to the procurement or placement of resettlement services within HMP & YOI Parc or the direct delivery of these services. G4S’ focus is on ensuring alignment and integration with third party service providers to ensure effective interagency working.”

    Source location

    Response from G4S Care Justice Services (UK) Ltd
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Health Board lacks jurisdiction or power over the cross-agency actions required for release planning at sentence end.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There are no provisions available nor any cross agency guidance in place for when a high-risk prisoner is released at sentence end date to ensure that there is adequate release planning and maximum support in the community.”

    Source location

    Response from Swansea Bay University Health Board
    Page 7 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    HMPPS will address cross-agency guidance for releasing high-risk prisoners with mental health difficulties at sentence end.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This issue will be addressed by HMPPS, however we will ensure we provide support from a policing perspective to partners in relation to high-risk prisoners with mental health difficulties at their sentence end date. From a policing perspective, it is important to note that the IT systems now in place (as described in evidence during the inquest) have changed meaning that there are now better opportunities to identify someone if they have been assessed as being at an increased risk to themselves or others.”

    Source location

    Response from West Midlands Police
    Page 4 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Probation has no statutory authority to supervise prisoners released into the community at sentence expiry.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “For a prisoner to still be detained in custody at the point of sentence expiry is usually as a result of them having been recalled to custody. This means they remain the responsibility of the Probation Community Offender Manager (COM) until the point of release at the sentence end date (SED). There is no statutory authority for Probation supervision of a prisoner released into the community at SED. The sharing of information prior to release into the community in an effective manner with relevant agencies is therefore of paramount importance. The Probation Service West Midlands has a practice document which sets out the expectations for Practitioners when cases are being released at SED. This document has been revised and reissued to all staff and embedded in development sessions delivered by the Regional Quality Team.”

    Source location

    Response from HMPPS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 March 2024

    Open published response
  2. Buckinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    JACK OLIVER PORTLAND · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jack Oliver Portland was a prisoner who was diagnosed with substance-induced psychosis and later detained under the Mental Health Act. He died on 27 December 2015 at Wycombe Hospital while on unescorted leave from the Whiteleaf Centre; the medical cause of death was morphine and ethanol toxicity. Concerns included the management and communication of ACCT documents, family communication, discharge planning for a vulnerable and homeless prisoner, and the coordination of coronial disclosure.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to adequately assess and manage discharge needs of vulnerable prisoners

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) There were concerns about the assessment and management of Mr Portland’s discharge needs from admission, particularly with regard to post-release accommodation and positive identification of registration with a GP, given that Mr Portland was homeless and that aftercare ultimately would be dependent upon GP engagement. It was accepted that it is mandatory for prisoner discharges to be undertaken in accordance with the relevant Prison Service Instruction and Early Days and Discharge Specification with all that those encompass. There remains a concern regarding the discharge of prisoners presenting with issues such as those of Mr Portland – a risk of self-harm, substance addiction, homelessness, resolving substance-induced psychosis, vulnerability. ”

    Source location

    JACK OLIVER PORTLAND · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use a shared complex-case database to coordinate resettlement planning and live information sharing among the establishment and relevant support providers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since Mr Portland’s release from HMP Woodhill, the prison has introduced a new database system for the management of complex cases, which allows for the live sharing of information between the establishment, the CRC, Westminster Drug Project (the providers of substance misuse support) and CNWL. The database allows a coordinated approach to resettlement planning, providing information relating to any concerns or issues and appointments upon”

    Source location

    2017-0049-Response-by-NOMS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 March 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the complex-case database in July 2017 for fitness for purpose and assess how information sharing supports vulnerable prisoners approaching release.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “release, for example with GPs, drug services and housing. This ensures that no referrals are being repeated and that everyone involved in the resettlement plan is fully aware of ongoing and required actions. The use of the database will be reviewed in July 2017 to ensure that it is fit for purpose and to consider how this information sharing is used to provide multi-disciplinary support to the most vulnerable and at risk individuals approaching release.”

    Source location

    2017-0049-Response-by-NOMS
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 March 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share immediate complex-case resettlement concerns with relevant departments by telephone and record them in prisoner case notes to address safeguarding issues.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It has also been agreed at the multi-agency meetings that any immediate concerns regarding resettlement issues in complex cases will be shared with relevant departments by an immediate phone call, and recorded on the prisoner case notes. This is to identify and address safeguarding issues, such as prisoners with accommodation issues and those suffering with mental health concerns.”

    Source location

    2017-0049-Response-by-NOMS
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 March 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Enable prisoners to register with a GP before release, including timely transfer of clinical information and active registration support.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “From July 2017, prisoners will be able to register with a GP practice before they leave prison. The agreement includes the timely transfer of clinical information from the prison to the GP practice, with an emphasis on medication history and substance misuse management plans, to enable better care when a new patient first presents at the practice. Prisoners will be actively supported to register with a GP.”

    Source location

    2017-0049-Response-by-NOMS
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 March 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Community Rehabilitation Companies are responsible for resettlement services for prisoners serving 12 months or less.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Discharge Since 1 June 2014 the provision of resettlement services for prisoners serving 12 months and under has been the responsibility of Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs). The prison works closely with the provider of resettlement services at HMP Woodhill, MTC Novo CRC, which is required to provide support services relating to housing and accommodation, employment training and education, finance benefit and debt.”

    Source location

    2017-0049-Response-by-NOMS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 March 2017

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026