Recurring concern

Insufficient suitable acute mental-health settings for neurodiverse patients

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First reported 26 Jan 2023•Latest report 5 Feb 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in the availability, suitability, acceptance, design or operation of acute mental-health inpatient, crisis or interim holding settings specifically for neurodiverse patients, including tailored inpatient options, beds able to accept autistic patients, therapeutic crisis alternatives and suitable environments while awaiting mental-health admission or assessment.

Not included

  • Excludes generic mental-health bed shortages, crisis-service capacity or unsuitable emergency-department environments where neurodiverse patients' specific accommodation needs are not material.
  • Excludes broader failures to provide accessible healthcare for people with complex neurodevelopmental needs when no acute mental-health crisis, inpatient or holding-setting condition is identified.
  • Excludes failures in the quality of clinical treatment, assessment or support after a suitable acute setting has been provided.
  • Excludes routine community mental-health access, long-term social care and non-acute accommodation concerns without a direct acute mental-health placement or holding context.
Reports
4

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
5

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2023–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
11

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

NHS England3
NHS Surrey and Sussex Integrated Care Board2
Department of Health and Social Care1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. West Sussex, Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Sapphire Kathleen BERNARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sapphire Kathleen BERNARD was detained under the Mental Health Act and waited 19 days in an A&E department for a psychiatric bed while continuing to self-ligature. After admission to Langley Green Hospital, she self-tied a ligature while on intermittent observations and died at East Surrey Hospital on 30 October 2023. The principal concerns were the lack of psychiatric beds, the unsuitability of A&E as a holding environment for people needing mental health care, and vulnerabilities in the risk assessment and observation requirements at Langley Green Hospital.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unsuitability of A&E as a holding environment for people awaiting mental health beds

    Wider context from the report

    “3. The unsuitability of the environment of A&E as a holding place for those in need of a mental health bed. 4. The evidence was that the environment in A&E as a holding place is not conducive for those suffering with Autism and/or who are neurodiverse. The environment in A&E can exacerbate and cause further deterioration in their mental health ”

    Source location

    Sapphire Kathleen BERNARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commission and extend 14 additional independent-sector acute adult mental health beds to support winter pressures and capacity.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There are 302 commissioned acute adult care beds and 40 Independent sector beds. In addition to the 40 acute adult beds in the independent sector NHS Sussex and Sussex Partnership commissioned an additional 14 beds between January- March 2025 to support winter pressures. These have now been extended for Quarter one 2025/26 taking the total number of acute adult beds in the independent sector to 54. Further to this, SPFT have redesigned their acute dementia ward in Brighton & Hove to support population need which will reopen in May 2025 as an adult ward and increase the SPFT bed base by 15 adult beds.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Sussex Integrated Care Board
    Page 1 · response
    Published 7 February 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work with partners to improve timely discharge and support prompt admission for people awaiting mental health inpatient care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS Sussex recognises that some people wait longer than we would like to access mental health inpatient care due to patient flow and acuity of patients, NHS Sussex are working closely with partners to improve timely discharge to support prompt admission.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Sussex Integrated Care Board
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 February 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Measure response times for people presenting to urgent and emergency mental-health services to support faster access to appropriate care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England’s ambition is not just to improve the access point and connection to the specialist mental health points of access, but to bring significant improvements and expansion in the mental health services that ‘sit behind’ the point of access, so that people can be facilitated to access support that meets their needs and preferences in a more timely way. To this effect, we are moving at pace and are beginning to measure response times to those presenting to urgent and emergency mental health services, either in the community and/or emergency departments, with the aim of supporting these people to access appropriate care more quickly.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 February 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Monitor patients waiting more than 72 hours in emergency departments for mental-health placements and escalate cases nationally for executive intervention.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England recognises the unsuitability of emergency departments for people experiencing mental health crisis once their immediate physical health needs have been attended to. We are aware of the increasing numbers of patients waiting in emergency departments for mental health beds and, since the time of this incident, we have introduced national level monitoring of all patients in emergency departments waiting over 72 hours for mental health placements. Due to this oversight, individual patient cases are escalated at a national level and executive input is then sought to expedite care.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 February 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide trusts and systems with action cards to reduce emergency-department waiting times, including actions for people with complex learning disabilities and autism.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “From Winter 2024/25 we have also introduced action cards for trusts and systems, articulating key actions to be taken by trusts and systems to reduce the time patients spend in emergency departments. These include specific actions for people with complex learning disabilities and autism.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 February 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and finalise a South East standard operating procedure for managing mental-health presentations in A&E departments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England’s South East region’s Mental Health, Learning Disability and Autism (MHLDA) Team are in the process of developing a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for managing mental health presentations with A&E departments. This has followed Quality & Safety visits to A&E departments, which have concluded that patients are safer being admitted. The SOP should be approved and finalised by April 2025 and findings are due to be shared with South East ICBs, as well as multi-disciplinary teams and the Urgent & Elective Care (UEC) Recovery Board.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 February 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    NHS Sussex has no role in setting up or managing NHS provider environments, including A&E mental health facilities.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “ESHT is working to review and where appropriate to improve Mental Health patient safety, for example in the Mental Health rooms in A&E. NHS Sussex has no role in the set up or environment of an NHS Provider, however, updates are required for any new construction projects as part of the Commissioning process. For existing environments, it is the responsibility of NHS provider organisations to ensure they follow national guidance on the built environment and undertake national risk assessments.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Sussex Integrated Care Board
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 February 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    NHS provider organisations are responsible for ensuring existing environments follow national guidance and undertaking required risk assessments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “ESHT is working to review and where appropriate to improve Mental Health patient safety, for example in the Mental Health rooms in A&E. NHS Sussex has no role in the set up or environment of an NHS Provider, however, updates are required for any new construction projects as part of the Commissioning process. For existing environments, it is the responsibility of NHS provider organisations to ensure they follow national guidance on the built environment and undertake national risk assessments.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Sussex Integrated Care Board
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 February 2025

    Open published response
  2. West Sussex, Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Matthew Zak Sheldrick (Matty) · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Matthew Zak Sheldrick (Matty), who identified as non-binary, attended A&E in crisis on 3 November 2022 following deteriorating mental health and intense suicidal thoughts. After being assessed under the Mental Health Act and not detained, Matty left the hospital and was found suspended by a ligature in the hospital grounds. The report identified concerns including the lack of suitable inpatient beds, the unsuitability of A&E for neurodivergent patients, gaps in service provision, and shortcomings in the mental health assessment and discharge care planning.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unsuitable A&E holding environment for autistic or neurodiverse people needing mental health beds

    Wider context from the report

    “5. The unsuitability of the environment of A&E as a holding place for those in need of a mental health bed. The evidence was that the environment in A&E as a holding place is not conducive for those suffering with Autism and/or who are neurodiverse. The environment in A&E can exacerbate and cause further deterioration in their mental health. ”

    Source location

    Matthew Zak Sheldrick (Matty) · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Shortage of inpatient beds able to accept autistic patients

    Wider context from the report

    “2. There being a shortage of beds for Autistic patients (both informal and detained) within the private sector that are being funded by the ICB. Evidence was heard that those providing beds within the public sector very often refused to accept autistic patients due to their additional risks. ”

    Source location

    Matthew Zak Sheldrick (Matty) · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Request a formal review of SPFT and subcontracted inpatient-bed use to ensure patients’ needs, including autistic patients’ needs, are appropriately accommodated.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Matty’s inquest, NHS Sussex will formally request a review of the use of all SPFT inpatient beds and subcontracted inpatient beds to provide oversight to ensure patients’ needs are accommodated appropriately, including autistic patients. This will be formally requested at the Quality Review Meeting in April 2025, which is a regular assurance meeting that takes place each month between NHS Sussex and each of the statutory providers in Sussex.”

    Source location

    Response from Sussex ICB
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The setup and environment of existing provider premises fall outside NHS Sussex’s role; providers must follow national guidance and conduct risk assessments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS Sussex has no role in the set up or environment of an NHS Provider, however, updates are required for any new construction projects. For existing environments, it is the responsibility of NHS provider organisations to ensure they follow national guidance on the built environment and undertake national risk assessments.”

    Source location

    Response from Sussex ICB
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    No formal reports substantiate claims that public or private providers refused autistic patients because of their additional risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS Sussex has not had any formal reports that providers within the public or private sector are refusing autistic patients due to their additional risks. As a result of the feedback shared during”

    Source location

    Response from Sussex ICB
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2024

    Open published response
  3. West Sussex, Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Matthew Zak Sheldrick (Matty) · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Matthew Zak Sheldrick (Matty), who identified as non-binary, had a history of mental health difficulties and was admitted to A&E in crisis on 3 November 2022 after a previous 26-day wait for a psychiatric bed. After being assessed under the Mental Health Act and not detained, Matty left hospital and was found hanging in the hospital grounds. Concerns included shortages and long waits for mental health beds, the unsuitability of A&E for neurodivergent patients, gaps in services and discharge planning, and shortcomings in the mental health assessment.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unsuitability of the A&E environment as a holding place for people awaiting mental health beds

    Wider context from the report

    “3. The unsuitability of the environment of A&E as a holding place for those in need of a mental health bed. The environment in A&E as a holding place is not conducive for those suffering with Autism and/or who are neurodiverse. The environment in A&E can exacerbate their mental health. ”

    Source location

    Matthew Zak Sheldrick (Matty) · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commit £26 million in capital investment to open new mental health crisis centres.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As announced in the Budget, we are committing £26 million in capital investment to open new mental health crisis centres, reducing pressure on busy A&E services and ensuring people have the support they need when they need it.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish Mental Health Response Vehicles to assess and treat people away from A&E.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The NHS LTP saw an additional £2.3 billion of funding invested in mental health services from 2019/20 to 2023/24, around £1.3 billion of which was for adult community, crisis and acute mental health services to allow people to get faster access to the care they need and prevent deterioration and hospital admission where it is avoidable. The NHS 111 mental health call option has also been established around the country to support reductions in A&E attendance and Mental Health Response Vehicles have also been established to see and treat patients away from an A&E setting. New integrated operational pressures escalation levels (OPEL) scoring systems have also been established for mental health, enabling greater transparency and escalation of risks across mental health pathways.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish guidance for meeting autistic adults’ needs in mental health services, including sensory adjustments relevant to acute healthcare settings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England’s guidance (NHS England » Meeting the needs of autistic adults in mental health services), which is aimed at ICBs, health organisations and wider system partners, was published in December 2023. The guidance includes information in relation to accommodating people's sensory reactivity, which would also apply to acute healthcare settings, including:”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2024

    Open published response
  4. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Zachary KLEMENT · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Zachary KLEMENT was found suspended in the bedroom of his supported accommodation on 2 March 2021 and was pronounced deceased by attending paramedics. The report raised concerns about the lack of mental health care and therapies tailored to people with neurodiverse conditions, including the absence of suitable inpatient options, limited continuity from Home Treatment Teams, and the limited availability of psychological interventions.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of inpatient options tailored to patients with neurodiverse conditions in acute crisis

    Wider context from the report

    “Inpatient mental health units adversely affect those with neurodiverse conditions since they require calm and structure. There are no inpatient options tailored to patients with neurodiverse conditions presenting in acute crisis; ”

    Source location

    Zachary KLEMENT · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish the Mental Health, Learning Disability and Autism Inpatient Quality Transformation Programme to support cultural and care-model change across NHS-funded inpatient settings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In response to this, a new Mental Health, Learning Disability and Autism Inpatient Quality Transformation Programme was established in 2022 to support cultural change and a new bold, reimagined model of care for the future across all NHS-funded mental health, learning disability and autism inpatient settings. More information about this new programme of work is available here.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 30 January 2023

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026