Recurring concern

Inadequate crash-helmet safety controls for road users

Pin Get email alerts Request correction

First reported 5 May 2014•Latest report 17 Mar 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of controls specifically dedicated to crash-helmet safety for road users, including requirements to wear helmets and checks that helmets are correctly sized and fitted, as supported by the anchor and comparable road-user helmet assertions.

Not included

  • Excludes generic motorcycle, quad-bike, bicycle or electric-scooter safety concerns that do not specifically concern crash-helmet protection.
  • Excludes helmet use in non-road activities, such as recreational water sports, unless the assertion concerns road-user crash-helmet safety.
  • Excludes unrelated protective equipment, vehicle approval, driver training or road-infrastructure deficiencies.
  • Excludes helmet-attached device safety concerns where the unsafe condition is device attachment rather than helmet protection.
Reports
8

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
13

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
21

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department for Transport8
Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency2
Amazon UK Services Ltd.1
Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency1
EScooterClinic1
Evolve Skateboards UK Limited1
Greater London Authority1
Halfords Group PLC1
Harrods Limited1
Home Office1
Metropolitan Police Service1
Next of kin1
Office of the Chief Coroner1
OnBoards1
Selfridges Retail Limited1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    Scott Maxwell Henry CATTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Scott Maxwell Henry Catton died on 7 June 2025 after a serious head injury sustained when he collided with the open door of a parked vehicle while travelling on an electric scooter. The report raised concern that electric scooter riders are not required to wear helmets, creating a risk of death for riders involved in collisions while not wearing protective headwear.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a requirement for electric scooter riders to wear helmets

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There is no requirement that riders of electric scooters wear helmets. Due to the expectation of their use on the roads, and their vulnerability, there is a risk of death to riders of electric scooters and bicycles not wearing protective headwear who are involved in collisions, even at lower speeds. ”

    Source location

    Scott Maxwell Henry CATTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Risk of death to electric scooter and bicycle riders not wearing protective headwear in collisions

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There is no requirement that riders of electric scooters wear helmets. Due to the expectation of their use on the roads, and their vulnerability, there is a risk of death to riders of electric scooters and bicycles not wearing protective headwear who are involved in collisions, even at lower speeds. ”

    Source location

    Scott Maxwell Henry CATTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete and publish the second evaluation of e-scooter trials, including evidence on helmet provision and uptake.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To support this, a second evaluation of the e-scooter trials is currently underway, due to conclude in Summer 2026 and published in early 2027. Among other things, the evaluation is looking at the impact of helmet provision and uptake amongst e-scooter users. I will ensure we consider a full range of evidence, including international comparisons.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 18 June 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ensure future e-scooter regulations consider a full range of evidence, including international comparisons.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To support this, a second evaluation of the e-scooter trials is currently underway, due to conclude in Summer 2026 and published in early 2027. Among other things, the evaluation is looking at the impact of helmet provision and uptake amongst e-scooter users. I will ensure we consider a full range of evidence, including international comparisons.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 18 June 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publicly consult on proposed regulations, including any potential helmet-wearing requirement, before they come into force.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Any regulations, including the potential requirement for helmet-wearing, will be publicly consulted on before coming into force so that all interested parties have a chance to shape the new regime.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 18 June 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Cycle helmets should remain strongly recommended but not legally mandatory because mandating them may reduce cycling and its wider health and environmental benefits.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On the matter of helmets for cyclists, the question is complex. The Government must carefully balance the safety benefits of mandating helmets against the potential disbenefits. The Department carefully looked at the case for making helmet wearing mandatory in a comprehensive Cycling and Walking Safety Review in 2018.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 June 2026

    Open published response
  2. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    Daniel Isaacs · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Daniel Isaacs died after losing control of an electric scooter, colliding with the road surface and sustaining a serious head injury. The report raised concern that electric scooter riders and cyclists are not required to wear helmets, creating a risk of death in collisions involving people not wearing protective headwear.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a requirement for electric scooter riders to wear helmets

    Wider context from the report

    “There is no requirement that riders of electric scooters wear helmets. Due to the expectation of their use on the road, and their vulnerability, there is a risk of death to riders of electric scooters and bicycles not wearing protective headwear who are involved in collisions, even at lower speeds. ”

    Source location

    Daniel Isaacs · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Risk of death to electric scooter and bicycle riders not wearing protective headwear in collisions

    Wider context from the report

    “There is no requirement that riders of electric scooters wear helmets. Due to the expectation of their use on the road, and their vulnerability, there is a risk of death to riders of electric scooters and bicycles not wearing protective headwear who are involved in collisions, even at lower speeds. ”

    Source location

    Daniel Isaacs · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commission a second evaluation of e-scooter trials.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, the purpose of the trials is to inform future regulations on e-scooters and no decisions on this have been made. I have just commissioned a second evaluation of the e-scooter trials, which will look at the impact of helmet provision and uptake amongst e-scooter users and I will ensure we consider a full range of evidence, including international comparisons and a public consultation, before any regulations on the use of e-scooters come into force.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 6 January 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Evaluate the impact of helmet provision and uptake among e-scooter users.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, the purpose of the trials is to inform future regulations on e-scooters and no decisions on this have been made. I have just commissioned a second evaluation of the e-scooter trials, which will look at the impact of helmet provision and uptake amongst e-scooter users and I will ensure we consider a full range of evidence, including international comparisons and a public consultation, before any regulations on the use of e-scooters come into force.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 6 January 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete a comprehensive review of cycling and walking safety, including whether cycle helmets should be mandatory.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On the matter of helmets for cycles, the question is complex. The Government must carefully balance the safety benefits of mandating helmets against the potential disbenefits. The Department carefully looked at the case for making helmet wearing mandatory in a comprehensive Cycling and Walking Safety Review in 2018 (www.gov.uk/government/speeches/governments-response-to-the-cycling-walking-investment-strategy-safety-review).”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 6 January 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Mandatory cycle helmets are not considered necessary because reduced cycling, health and environmental benefits would outweigh their safety benefits.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On the matter of helmets for cycles, the question is complex. The Government must carefully balance the safety benefits of mandating helmets against the potential disbenefits. The Department carefully looked at the case for making helmet wearing mandatory in a comprehensive Cycling and Walking Safety Review in 2018 (www.gov.uk/government/speeches/governments-response-to-the-cycling-walking-investment-strategy-safety-review).”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 6 January 2025

    Open published response
  3. East Riding and Hull

    AI-generated summary

    Donald Frederick HOOKER · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Donald Frederick HOOKER died on 28 August 2021 after his motorcycle’s drive chain broke while he was travelling on the Humber Bridge, causing a collision and fall. His crash helmet came off during the incident, and he sustained severe head and facial injuries. The principal concerns were the lack of understanding of why motorcycle helmets come off or rotate during collisions and the absence of clear checks or education concerning helmet sizing and fitting.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure correct motorcycle helmet sizing and fitting

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) This is the second matter that has been referred to my jurisdiction in recent months where a motorcyclist has lost his helmet during a collision. During evidence it was adduced that, although it is not a common occurrence, it is certainly not unusual for a motorcyclist’s helmet to come off or to rotate during a collision. (2) The Forensic Collision Investigator was unable to explain the reason for Dr Hooker’s crash helmet coming off. The chin strap was in place. (3) The Forensic Collision Investigator indicated that she had been unable to find any research or scientific data on why such incidents occur. (4) It was adduced in evidence that a kit safety mark may be checked by an instructor during motor cycle courses/tests but there did not appear to be a known check for ensuring a person has the correct size motorcycle helmet. (5) It was acknowledged that many people may now purchase motorcycle helmets over the internet and the sizing and fitting may not be appropriate. (6) I am concerned that without knowledge of why such incidents are occurring, or appropriate education of the riders, that more deaths may occur. ”

    Source location

    Donald Frederick HOOKER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Motorcycle helmets coming off or rotating during collisions

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) This is the second matter that has been referred to my jurisdiction in recent months where a motorcyclist has lost his helmet during a collision. During evidence it was adduced that, although it is not a common occurrence, it is certainly not unusual for a motorcyclist’s helmet to come off or to rotate during a collision. (2) The Forensic Collision Investigator was unable to explain the reason for Dr Hooker’s crash helmet coming off. The chin strap was in place. (3) The Forensic Collision Investigator indicated that she had been unable to find any research or scientific data on why such incidents occur. (4) It was adduced in evidence that a kit safety mark may be checked by an instructor during motor cycle courses/tests but there did not appear to be a known check for ensuring a person has the correct size motorcycle helmet. (5) It was acknowledged that many people may now purchase motorcycle helmets over the internet and the sizing and fitting may not be appropriate. (6) I am concerned that without knowledge of why such incidents are occurring, or appropriate education of the riders, that more deaths may occur. ”

    Source location

    Donald Frederick HOOKER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of appropriate education for motorcycle riders

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) This is the second matter that has been referred to my jurisdiction in recent months where a motorcyclist has lost his helmet during a collision. During evidence it was adduced that, although it is not a common occurrence, it is certainly not unusual for a motorcyclist’s helmet to come off or to rotate during a collision. (2) The Forensic Collision Investigator was unable to explain the reason for Dr Hooker’s crash helmet coming off. The chin strap was in place. (3) The Forensic Collision Investigator indicated that she had been unable to find any research or scientific data on why such incidents occur. (4) It was adduced in evidence that a kit safety mark may be checked by an instructor during motor cycle courses/tests but there did not appear to be a known check for ensuring a person has the correct size motorcycle helmet. (5) It was acknowledged that many people may now purchase motorcycle helmets over the internet and the sizing and fitting may not be appropriate. (6) I am concerned that without knowledge of why such incidents are occurring, or appropriate education of the riders, that more deaths may occur. ”

    Source location

    Donald Frederick HOOKER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of research and knowledge about motorcycle helmet displacement during collisions

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) This is the second matter that has been referred to my jurisdiction in recent months where a motorcyclist has lost his helmet during a collision. During evidence it was adduced that, although it is not a common occurrence, it is certainly not unusual for a motorcyclist’s helmet to come off or to rotate during a collision. (2) The Forensic Collision Investigator was unable to explain the reason for Dr Hooker’s crash helmet coming off. The chin strap was in place. (3) The Forensic Collision Investigator indicated that she had been unable to find any research or scientific data on why such incidents occur. (4) It was adduced in evidence that a kit safety mark may be checked by an instructor during motor cycle courses/tests but there did not appear to be a known check for ensuring a person has the correct size motorcycle helmet. (5) It was acknowledged that many people may now purchase motorcycle helmets over the internet and the sizing and fitting may not be appropriate. (6) I am concerned that without knowledge of why such incidents are occurring, or appropriate education of the riders, that more deaths may occur. ”

    Source location

    Donald Frederick HOOKER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Produce and publish SHARP guidance on motorcycle helmet selection and fitting.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Department recognises the importance of a good fitting and performing helmet and has for many years been providing advice and guidance to motorcyclists through its Safety Helmet Assessment and Rating Programme (SHARP). Working with the motorcycle helmet supply industry, SHARP has established the best practice and produced a guidance that offers advice on helmet selection and appropriate fitting. This is available on the SHARP website at the following link: https://sharp.dft.gov.uk/get-the-right-fit/.”

    Source location

    Response from the Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 January 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue promoting and raising awareness through SHARP of correct motorcycle helmet fitting and usage.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Department is committed to improving safety for all motorcyclists and will continue to review the technical standards for new helmets under the UNECE to ensure they reflect new and emerging technology and offer increasing levels of safety, while at the same time promoting and raising awareness of”

    Source location

    Response from the Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 January 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct research into motorcycle-helmet loss, including retention testing, helmet design compliance and loss mechanisms.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In 2018, TRL has conducted our own research into helmet loss, or more specifically our “Helmet Retention Report” (https://www.trl.co.uk/publications/helmet-retention-report). This self-funded study had two specific aims. The first”

    Source location

    Response from the Future of Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 4 January 2023

    Open published response
  4. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Fatima Abukar · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Fatima Abukar, a 14-year-old girl, died from catastrophic head injuries after the privately owned e-scooter she was riding entered the carriageway and struck a mini-bus. The concerns included e-scooter fatalities and enforcement, the absence of a requirement for riders of legally authorised scooters to wear head protection, and inconsistent or insufficiently prominent warnings about illegal e-scooter use.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to require head protection for riders of legally authorised scooters

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Ms Abukar died due to traumatic head injuries. Riders of legally authorised scooters (those hired from licenced operators) are not required to wear head protection. ”

    Source location

    Fatima Abukar · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Promote helmet use through product displays, bundled discounts, customer encouragement, and helmeted rider imagery.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. We have helmets displayed among our bikes and scooters in order to bring awareness of the use of such products”

    Source location

    Response from Onboards
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide rental e-scooter safety guidance and encourage riders to use protective equipment, including helmets.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “TfL and operators also provide safety guidance and tips on how to ride rental e-scooters safely and avoid serious injury to any road users. This includes encouraging all riders to use protective equipment while using e-scooters including wearing a helmet. The wearing of helmets is not required by DfT for the trials, however.”

    Source location

    Response from Transport for London
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Issue updated guidance encouraging trial operators and local authorities to provide helmets and incentivise their use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The e-scooter trials were launched in July 2020 and are currently live in 25 areas across England. These trials are designed to assess the safety of e-scooters, their potential benefits and their impact on public space to help us consider options for future regulation of e-scooters. Cycle helmets are recommended for the trials but are not a requirement, as is the case for bicycles and electrically-assisted pedal cycles. In February 2022 we issued updated guidance to all local authorities and e-scooter operators that further encouraged them to provide helmets and incentivise their use. Whilst this tragic incident did not happen within the trials, I recognise this is an important consideration as the Government plans to bring forward legislation that will allow e-scooters to be regulated. As part of this, we will consult on a range of topics, including helmet wearing.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Consult on helmet wearing as part of developing future e-scooter regulation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The e-scooter trials were launched in July 2020 and are currently live in 25 areas across England. These trials are designed to assess the safety of e-scooters, their potential benefits and their impact on public space to help us consider options for future regulation of e-scooters. Cycle helmets are recommended for the trials but are not a requirement, as is the case for bicycles and electrically-assisted pedal cycles. In February 2022 we issued updated guidance to all local authorities and e-scooter operators that further encouraged them to provide helmets and incentivise their use. Whilst this tragic incident did not happen within the trials, I recognise this is an important consideration as the Government plans to bring forward legislation that will allow e-scooters to be regulated. As part of this, we will consult on a range of topics, including helmet wearing.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish helmet-wearing requirements in website frequently asked questions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Reference to requirements to wear a helmet when using our product as part of FAQ’s on our website.”

    Source location

    Response from Evolve Skateboards
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Advocate to the Department for Transport and Transport for London for protective headwear use by authorised e-scooter riders.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Ms Abukar died due to traumatic head injuries. Riders of legally authorised scooters (those hired from licenced operators) are not required to wear head protection.”

    Source location

    Response from Metropolitan Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Recommend helmets to E-Scooter purchasers and display helmets for sale alongside E-Scooters in the Technology department.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “At the time of writing, customers are advised at the point of sale that E-Scooters purchased from Harrods are not suitable for road use and text is added to their sales receipts to reflect this. Furthermore, we routinely recommend to customers that they purchase helmets for use with their E-Scooters. Helmets are available for sale in the Technology department and are displayed alongside the E-Scooters. We are also implementing age verification checks at the point of sale to ensure that E-Scooters are not sold to persons under the age of 18.”

    Source location

    Response from Harrods
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Enforcement and seizure of privately owned e-scooters used illegally on public land is addressed by the Home Secretary.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I am writing to address your concerns about the marketing practices of e-scooter retailers and riders of hired scooters not being required to wear helmets. My Rt Hon colleague, the Secretary of State for the Home Department will write to you with regards to your concerns about the enforcement and seizure of privately owned e-scooters being used illegally on public land.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    DfT and TfL made the policy decisions on licensed e-scooter trial parameters and head protection, so they are best placed to explain the rationale.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Ms Abukar died due to traumatic head injuries. Riders of legally authorised scooters (those hired from licenced operators) are not required to wear head protection.”

    Source location

    Response from Metropolitan Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The government was identified as responsible for deciding whether to legalise scooters and introduce laws, regulations, compulsory protective gear and third-party insurance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The user of the vehicle was underage, recklessly driving, on the wrong side of the road, without protection. The fact that she was using a scooter is completely irrelevant, she could have been using a bicycle as well, or just running on her own legs. We would advise that the government takes the important decision of legalising the scooters, to introduce proper laws and regulations. Protective gear should be compulsory as well as third-party insurance. The government has been delaying the legislation at the same time allowing rented scooters on the street. That causes a lot of confusion. The UK commuters have spoken and have expressed interest in a new, eco-friendly, personal transport being properly introduced and legalised in the country. Sadly the incident is not at the fault of the vehicle but the user.”

    Source location

    Response from escooterclinic
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 December 2022

    Open published response
  5. Coventry

    AI-generated summary

    Tyrone Declan EVANS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 15 September 2017, Tyrone Declan EVANS was thrown from a quad bike after it collided with a crash barrier and another vehicle, suffering fatal injuries. The principal concern was that quad bike riders were not legally required to wear crash helmets, despite the pathologist’s view that helmet use may have altered the head injury pattern and potentially reduced its severity. The report identified this absence of a legal requirement as a continuing and potentially avoidable risk of deaths on the roads.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Absence of a legal requirement for road-using quad bike drivers to wear crash helmets

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The medical cause of death was 1a Blunt Head Injury and the conclusion of the pathologist included the following: "I note the suggestion that he was not wearing a helmet and in my opinion the head injury pattern would support this. As a pathologist I am not in a position to provide expert evidence on the issue of whether or not a helmet would have prevented the death but clearly when a death is caused by an isolated head injury, one has to suggest that wearing a helmet may well have altered the injury pattern and potentially severity, at least from basic principles". (2) I was informed at the inquest that the quad bike the deceased was driving was an off-road vehicle that had been adapted to use on the road. Yamaha UK confirmed to police that the vehicle had undertaken an Individual Vehicle Approval test by the Vehicle Operator Services Agency (VOSA) and had been issued with a registration number. (3) I was also informed at the inquest by the Collision Investigator that quad bike riders or passengers in England, Scotland and Wales are not required to wear crash helmets. (4) In light of the pathologist’s comments and I am concerned that the absence of any legal requirement for quad bike drivers to wear crash helmets even where such bikes have been legally adapted for road use presents a continuing and potentially avoidable risk of deaths on our roads. ”

    Source location

    Tyrone Declan EVANS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Keep compulsory helmet requirements for quad-bike riders under review, considering usage, collision safety and seat-belt availability.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There are no immediate plans to make the wearing of helmets compulsory,- such a change would require primary legislation. However, the Department is keeping the position under review. There are a number of factors that will need to be taken into consideration such as; the level of use, the safety of riders in a collision and the availability or otherwise of seat belts.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 September 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Compulsory quad-bike helmet use cannot be introduced immediately because it requires primary legislation; the position remains under review.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There are no immediate plans to make the wearing of helmets compulsory,- such a change would require primary legislation. However, the Department is keeping the position under review. There are a number of factors that will need to be taken into consideration such as; the level of use, the safety of riders in a collision and the availability or otherwise of seat belts.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 September 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Quad-bike users likely represent a very low number of road deaths and serious injuries within the broader “other vehicle” casualty category.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Currently quad bikes are not recorded separately in reported road casualties’ data but within the category "other vehicle". “Other vehicle” includes, for example, quad bikes, ambulances, fire engines, motor caravans, pedestrian controlled vehicles with a motor, refuse vehicles, road rollers, mobile cranes, army vehicles and street barrows. In 2016, 15 people were killed and 107 seriously injured while using a vehicle in the "other" category. This equates to approximately 0.5 per cent of all the Killed or Seriously Injured (KSI) casualties in Great Britain during 2016. It is likely, therefore, that the number of quad bike users killed or seriously injured is very low.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 September 2018

    Open published response
  6. South Wales Central

    AI-generated summary

    Colin George Wellings · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Colin George Wellings was riding a domestically constructed three-wheeled motorised trike when he lost control entering a mini island, was thrown from it and died at the scene from serious head and other injuries. The concerns were that this class of vehicle was exempt from seatbelt and helmet requirements and that legislation should be considered to bring such vehicles in line with other mainstream mechanically propelled vehicles.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a legal requirement for riders of this class of vehicle to wear protective helmets

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The machine that the deceased was riding was a domestically manufactured machine with a 3.5 litre engine registered in 1973 and as such was exempt from the requirement for the driver/rider to wear either a seatbelt or a protective helmet. (2) Given the inherent risk that this vehicle, and others like it, pose, not only to their riders, but to other road users, consideration should be given to legislation to ensure that this class of vehicle is brought in line with other mainstream mechanically propelled vehicles by amendment to the Road Traffic Act and the Construction and Use Regulations. ”

    Source location

    Colin George Wellings · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Keep the position on compulsory tricycle helmet use under review, considering usage, collision safety and seat-belt availability.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Although the Highway Code advises that riders and passengers of tricycles should wear a protective helmet (rule 83 - as mentioned above), there are no immediate plans to make the wearing of helmets compulsory; such a change would require primary legislation. However, we are keeping the position under review; there are a number of factors that will need to be taken into consideration such as, the level of use, the safety of riders in a collision and the availability or otherwise of seat belts.”

    Source location

    2016-0348-Response-by-Department-for-Transport
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 October 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Compulsory tricycle helmet use is not immediately planned because introducing it would require primary legislation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Although the Highway Code advises that riders and passengers of tricycles should wear a protective helmet (rule 83 - as mentioned above), there are no immediate plans to make the wearing of helmets compulsory; such a change would require primary legislation. However, we are keeping the position under review; there are a number of factors that will need to be taken into consideration such as, the level of use, the safety of riders in a collision and the availability or otherwise of seat belts.”

    Source location

    2016-0348-Response-by-Department-for-Transport
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 October 2016

    Open published response
  7. Birmingham and Solihull

    AI-generated summary

    Ricky Craig HUDSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ricky Craig HUDSON died at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham on 13 August 2015 from injuries sustained when he fell from a quad bike on 11 August 2015. The principal concerns were that quad bike riders are not required to wear crash helmets on public roads and that no additional driving qualifications are required to drive a quad bike.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a requirement for quad bike riders to wear crash helmets on public roads

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) That quad bike riders are not required to wear crash helmets when driving on public roads. (2) That there are no additional driving qualifications required to drive a quad bike. ”

    Source location

    Ricky Craig HUDSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue reviewing whether compulsory protective-helmet requirements for quad-bike riders and passengers should be introduced.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Although the Highway Code advises that riders and passengers of quadricycles should wear a protective helmet (rule 83 - as mentioned above), there are no immediate plans to make the wearing of helmets compulsory; such a change would require primary legislation. However, we are keeping the position under review; there are a number of”

    Source location

    Ricky-Hudson-Response
    Page 2 · response
    Published 1 December 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Compulsory quad-bike helmet requirements cannot be introduced immediately because primary legislation would be required.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Protective helmets”

    Source location

    Ricky-Hudson-Response
    Page 2 · response
    Published 1 December 2015

    Open published response
  8. West Sussex

    AI-generated summary

    Donald Spooner · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Donald Spooner died after being thrown from a motorised bicycle when it caught the edge of a parked vehicle. He was not wearing a protective helmet, and the report raised concerns that helmet use was not compulsory for motorised bicycles capable of speeds over 15 MPH and that protective headgear might have reduced his injuries.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of compulsory suitable protective helmet use on motorised bicycles capable of exceeding 15 MPH

    Wider context from the report

    “1. That it is not compulsory to wear a suitable protective helmet whilst travelling on a motorised bicycle which can reach speeds in excess of 15 MPH ”

    Source location

    Donald Spooner · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Expand RoSPA’s website cycle-safety advice to include motorised bicycles.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a charity with limited resources, we have to prioritise the campaigns we conduct. Therefore, RoSPA’s approach as far as cycle helmets are concerned is to raise awareness about them and to promote their use through our wide range of communication methods. We publish a range of cycle safety advice on our website, and we will expand this to include motorised bicycles. We will also, when appropriate, include these messages in our safety journals and in our communications on social media networks such as twitter. The Highway Code provides cycle safety advice, and the next time it is being reviewed we will suggest it includes specific advice about motorised bicycles.”

    Source location

    2014-0208-Response-by-the-ROSPA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 May 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Suggest including specific motorised-bicycle safety advice when the Highway Code is next reviewed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a charity with limited resources, we have to prioritise the campaigns we conduct. Therefore, RoSPA’s approach as far as cycle helmets are concerned is to raise awareness about them and to promote their use through our wide range of communication methods. We publish a range of cycle safety advice on our website, and we will expand this to include motorised bicycles. We will also, when appropriate, include these messages in our safety journals and in our communications on social media networks such as twitter. The Highway Code provides cycle safety advice, and the next time it is being reviewed we will suggest it includes specific advice about motorised bicycles.”

    Source location

    2014-0208-Response-by-the-ROSPA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 May 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    RoSPA lacks authority to introduce legislation, although it can campaign for legislative change.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a charity, RoSPA has no power to introduce legislation of any kind, but we can, of course, campaign for changes to legislation, as we have done on many occasions. However, we always consider the evidence for the need, costs and likely effectiveness of a new safety law before campaigning for it to be introduced.”

    Source location

    2014-0208-Response-by-the-ROSPA
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 May 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    RoSPA does not support mandatory helmet laws because enforcement would require significant police resources and could discourage cycling.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, RoSPA has not called for a compulsory cycle helmet law because voluntary wearing rates are still too low and it would require a significant enforcement effort by the police. Also, it is not clear whether such a law would discourage people from cycling, thereby losing the significant health and environmental benefits from cycling. These benefits are why promoting cycling has become an important public health policy, with significant investment, in recent years.”

    Source location

    2014-0208-Response-by-the-ROSPA
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 May 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    RoSPA cannot campaign for mandatory requirements because necessary data about motorised bicycles, usage and injuries is unavailable.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We know from our experience of many years of campaigning for legal changes just how difficult it can be to persuade government and Parliament to act, even when we have clear data on the potential casualty savings. I do not believe the necessary data (i.e. the exact type of bicycle that would be captured by such a law and how easy it would be for the police to identify it from normal bicycles, the numbers being used and the number and type of injuries suffered by their users) exists in relation to motorised bicycles. It is highly unlikely that the government would be prepared to introduce a mandatory cycle helmet law covering a specific type of bicycle.”

    Source location

    2014-0208-Response-by-the-ROSPA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 May 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    RoSPA prioritises campaigns due to limited resources and therefore will promote helmet use rather than conduct legislative campaigning.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a charity with limited resources, we have to prioritise the campaigns we conduct. Therefore, RoSPA’s approach as far as cycle helmets are concerned is to raise awareness about them and to promote their use through our wide range of communication methods. We publish a range of cycle safety advice on our website, and we will expand this to include motorised bicycles. We will also, when appropriate, include these messages in our safety journals and in our communications on social media networks such as twitter. The Highway Code provides cycle safety advice, and the next time it is being reviewed we will suggest it includes specific advice about motorised bicycles.”

    Source location

    2014-0208-Response-by-the-ROSPA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 May 2014

    Open published response
Back to top

Data last updated 7 September 2026