Recurring concern

Failure to reliably refer patients to required specialist services

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First reported 19 Jan 2014•Latest report 4 Feb 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in making, recording, tracking or completing clinically required referrals to specialist services, including physiotherapy, occupational therapy, dietetics and specialist nursing, where the referral is needed for assessment, rehabilitation, treatment or safe care.

Not included

  • Excludes referral delays or omissions involving a named pathway or service with a more specific established recurring concern, such as mental-health, social-care or district-nursing referrals.
  • Excludes failures in specialist assessment or treatment after a referral has been reliably completed and accepted.
  • Excludes generic communication, staffing, documentation or care-planning deficiencies unless they directly cause failure to complete a required specialist referral.
  • Excludes requests for general advice or informal consultation where no required referral to a specialist service is identified.
Reports
35

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
38

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
65

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

NHS England4
Department of Health and Social Care3
Care Quality Commission2
Hc-One Limited2
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust2
NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board2
Adferiad Recovery1
Barts Health NHS Trust1
Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
Belong Limited1
Betsi Cadwaladr University LHB1
Bristol NHS Foundation Trust1
Brunswick Ward at Lindridge1
Castlehill Specialist Care Centre1
Cornerstone Family Practice1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Suffolk

    AI-generated summary

    Lauren Rae MORET-DELL · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Lauren Rae Moret-Dell developed neurological symptoms, later suffered bilateral embolic strokes, and died on 10 January 2024. Concerns were raised about failures to make timely referrals to the TIA Clinic and about the lack of commissioned stroke consultant input at West Suffolk Hospital out of hours, both of which were considered to give rise to a risk of death.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to correctly understand and implement timely TIA Clinic referrals

    Wider context from the report

    “During the course of the Inquest evidence was heard that neither the treating consultant, nor specialist doctors working in the team that treated Mrs. Moret-Dell on the 23rd December 2023 were proficient in the process to make referrals to the Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) Clinic. Evidence was also heard as to the importance of timely referrals to the TIA clinic in line with National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guidance. Although the failure to refer Mrs. Moret-Dell to the TIA Clinic in a timely manner was not causative of her death, I am concerned that in another case the failure to correctly understand and implement TIA Clinic referrals in a timely manner gives rise to a risk of death. ”

    Source location

    Lauren Rae MORET-DELL · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reinforce the correct TIA referral pathway with the responsible medical team and disseminate referral resources across the Acute Assessment Unit.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1 Immediate reinforcement of correct TIA referral pathway”

    Source location

    2026-0059 - Response from West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust and Suffolk and North East Essex Integrated Care Board
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update the TIA referral guideline, introduce flow diagrams, streamline the referral process, and circulate the materials across relevant clinical teams.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2 Updated guideline including flow diagrams”

    Source location

    2026-0059 - Response from West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust and Suffolk and North East Essex Integrated Care Board
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Embed correct TIA referral education in registrar induction and emergency-department training, supported by a new stroke/TIA e-learning video and presentation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3 Education, training, and induction improvements”

    Source location

    2026-0059 - Response from West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust and Suffolk and North East Essex Integrated Care Board
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver targeted internal communications to emergency, medical, and other teams reinforcing the TIA referral pathway.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4 Communication reminders Trust-wide The Stroke team have conducted targeted internal communications to other areas including ED and medical teams, to remind them about the referral pathway.”

    Source location

    2026-0059 - Response from West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust and Suffolk and North East Essex Integrated Care Board
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver recurring Trust-wide stroke-awareness communications that reinforce timely TIA referrals, including the planned May 2026 initiative with the Stroke Association.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “6 Public awareness and professional reinforcement activities On World Stroke Day, additional internal communications are delivered Trust-wide, reinforcing the #ActFAST message. This also now includes emphasising timely TIA referrals. The next initiative is planned for May 2026 with the support from the Stroke Association, where the issue will be raised again.”

    Source location

    2026-0059 - Response from West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust and Suffolk and North East Essex Integrated Care Board
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response
  2. Black Country

    AI-generated summary

    Joshua Lee Allcock · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Joshua Lee Allcock, a five-year-old boy with complex medical needs and a limited diet, developed severe dehydration after entering foster care and died on 3 January 2023 despite hospital treatment. Concerns included the lack of a formal autism diagnosis and related dietary support, variation in autism assessment practice, and the potential for the capillary refill time test to provide misleading reassurance when assessing dehydration in children with similar circumstances.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide onward referral to dieticians experienced in autism and ARFID

    Wider context from the report

    “3. Regrettably, without a formal diagnosis of autism being made, there was no onward referral to dieticians with experience of autism and therefore an understanding of the link between autism and Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). ”

    Source location

    Joshua Lee Allcock · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish guidance for commissioners and providers on children’s eating disorder services, including ARFID care and reasonable adaptations for additional needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In January 2026, NHS England published guidance for commissioners and providers on eating disorder services for Children and Young People (CYP) including those with ARFID.”

    Source location

    2026-0012 - Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 January 2026

    Open published response
  3. Liverpool and the Wirral

    AI-generated summary

    Dorothy Ann MACDONALD · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Dorothy Ann MACDONALD sustained a fractured neck of femur in an unwitnessed fall at her nursing home on 11 August 2025 and died in hospital on 22 August 2025 after being placed on palliative end-of-life care. The report raised concerns that her falls risk and the potential impact of a fall were repeatedly underestimated, and that staff training and referrals to the falls team were not consistently effective or used.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to consistently identify and make appropriate referrals to the falls team

    Wider context from the report

    “In addition, the court was shown that the nursing home’s fall policy indicated that it is good practice to refer cases of falls to the ‘falls team’, but that in practice this was done rarely, partly because the Home Manager lacked confidence in the responsiveness or value of the service. She said that the policy did not specify how many falls should take place prior to a referral. The court would like to know how the nursing home will satisfy itself: (a) that all relevant staff have received, understood and consistently act upon suitable and sufficient education about the circumstances in which, and how, a referral to the falls team should be made; (b) that the service is sufficiently responsive and effective in responding to requests for its specialist input. ”

    Source location

    Dorothy Ann MACDONALD · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the Falls Policy to determine whether more specific referral guidance should be included.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Springcare are currently reviewing their Falls Policy to determine whether further, more specific guidance can be included regarding when and in what circumstances a referral to the Falls Team should be made.”

    Source location

    Response from Springcare West Wood Hall
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Refer every resident who falls to the Falls Team and inform staff of this approach.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In the interim and in response to the concerns raised, Westwood Hall has adopted the approach of referring any resident who has fallen, regardless of the circumstances, to the Falls Team. Staff have been made aware of this new approach.”

    Source location

    Response from Springcare West Wood Hall
    Page 4 · response
    Published 19 December 2025

    Open published response
  4. Newcastle and North Tyneside

    AI-generated summary

    Thomas Colin Morrell · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Thomas Colin Morrell had hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and was admitted to hospital in October 2024 after initially being treated for abdominal issues before being found to be in heart failure. He underwent heart transplantation, which was complicated by massive bleeding and irreversible failure of the transplanted heart; support was withdrawn and he died on 3 December 2024. Concerns included delayed recognition of heart failure and the absence of a standard operating process for referring HOCM patients, as well as a lack of cardiac imaging between 2021 and 2024 to monitor deterioration.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a standard operating process for referring HOCM patients

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Following Mr Morrell's emergency admission to Scarborough Hospital on 8 October 2024, heart failure (as opposed to abdominal issues) played a greater role in his deterioration than was initially recognised by the treating clinicians. Had this been recognised sooner, Mr Morrell could have been transferred to the Freeman Hospital more quickly. There was not a standard operating process in place for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients covering when to refer patients in such circumstances. ”

    Source location

    Thomas Colin Morrell · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Circulate guidance to relevant clinicians emphasising timely referral of appropriate patients to a transplant centre.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We recognise that timely referral of appropriate patients to a transplant centre is an important step in management and have circulated this message to relevant clinicians. We have a well-established working relationship with the transplant centre in Newcastle including open communication on cases where we have concerns. For example, as part of this relationship, members of the Newcastle team presented to our cardiology governance meeting in autumn 2025.”

    Source location

    Response from York Scarborough Hospital
    Page 1 · response
    Published 18 November 2025

    Open published response
  5. Worcestershire

    AI-generated summary

    William Roath · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    William Roath was admitted to hospital after falling down concrete steps and sustaining skull fractures and a traumatic brain injury. He subsequently developed aspiration pneumonia and died at Worcestershire Royal Hospital on 12 December 2024. The principal concern was that, after staff identified difficulty swallowing, there was a five-day delay in referral for specialist assessment and oral feeding continued, contributing to the development or worsening of aspiration pneumonia; the report also identified a lack of action to prevent similar errors by doctors at the Trust.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure doctors promptly refer patients at risk of aspiration to the SALT team

    Wider context from the report

    “While Mr. Roath was being treated for a traumatic brain injury at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, a nurse documented on 20.11.24 that he was coughing and spluttering when receiving food and documented that staff were “not to continue to feed patient”. Mr. Roath was then reviewed by a doctor that same day, who documented that there should be a SALT ( Speech & Language Therapy Team ) assessment, but did not record any advice about whether Mr. Roath should remain Nil by Mouth in the meantime. A referral was not made to the SALT team for another 5 days, during which time nursing staff continued to feed Mr. Roath orally. The consultant who gave evidence about the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust’s ( the Trust’s ) own investigation into this issue told the inquest: (a) Any member of staff can make a referral to the SALT team, and in this case it should have been clearly agreed and set out who would be making the referral recommended on 20.11.24; (b) The reviewing doctor should also have documented that Mr. Roath was to be made Nil by Mouth until a further SALT assessment had been carried out; (c) Continued oral feeding between 20-25.11.24 contributed to the development/worsening of Mr. Roath’s aspiration pneumonia which was diagnosed on 21.11.24; (d) The failure promptly to assess and treat the worsening in Mr. Roath’s swallowing ability which was identified on 20.11.24 amounted to a failure to provide a basic level of care. Having heard evidence from a Senior Sister on Ward 409, where Mr. Roath was treated throughout his admission, I was satisfied that sufficient measures had been taken to try to ensure that nursing and healthcare staff did not repeat the omissions which had been identified at the inquest. When the same question was asked of the consultant in respect of doctors at the Trust, the inquest was told: “a Trust-wide communication will go out to all members of staff that SALT referrals in cases of aspiration can be made by any healthcare professional, and should be made by the professional who recognizes a risk of aspiration.” I am therefore concerned that, so far as doctors at the Trust are concerned, nearly 12 months after the relevant events, no action has yet been taken to try to ensure that the errors made by the doctor who reviewed Mr. Roath on 20.11.24 are not repeated. ”

    Source location

    William Roath · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide swallowing-problem and SALT-referral training to resident doctors, consultants and final-year medical students.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Further, we wish to assure the court that in the intervening period since Mr Roath’s admission, both senior and resident doctors have in fact received training on roles and responsibilities in relation to patients with swallowing problems including the mechanism by which to refer patients to SALT.”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 October 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Produce and disseminate a Trust-wide Patient Safety Notice on inpatient referrals to the Speech and Language Therapy team.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Production and distribution of a Patient Safety Notice”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 October 2025

    Open published response
  6. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Honoria Culshaw · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Honoria Culshaw died at home on 25 October 2024 after developing fatal pneumonia following treatment for sepsis from an infected pacemaker site. Her underlying cardiac and immunological conditions contributed to her deterioration after pacemaker extraction surgery. The report identified concern that inadequate communication about the need for pacemaker extraction delayed referral between treating hospitals and specialist services.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to communicate pacemaker extraction referral requirements between specialist and local cardiology services

    Wider context from the report

    “Mrs. Culshaw attended Wythenshawe Hospital on the 10th July 2024 an presented with an opening of her pacemaker scar. I heard evidence at the inquest from ████████, a Consultant Cardiologist at Wythenshawe that International clinical guidance indicates that any opening of an implantation scar should be interpreted as a sign of systemic infection of the wound and that extraction and replacement of the pacemaker should follow in order to remove the infection. This was the advice of the on-call Cardiologist at Wythenshawe on the 10th July 2024 to the Emergency Department medical team. I heard evidence that Wythenshawe is one a limited number of specialist surgical centres for the extraction of pacemakers. Mrs. Culshaw was not admitted to Wythenshawe Hospital, but discharged to the care of Royal Preston Hospital, where her pacemaker had been fitted. Royal Preston Hospital is not a specialist surgical centre for pacemaker extraction. The expectation of Wythenshawe Hospital at the time of her discharge appears to be that Royal Preston would refer her back to Wythenshawe for extraction. However, the need for extraction and therefore a referral was not communicated by Wythenshawe to either Royal Preston or to Mrs. Culshaw’s GP. It is not clear that it was adequately explained to Mrs. Culshaw’s family. Mrs. Culshaw re-presented at Wythenshawe on the 9th September, again with signs of infection and underwent an extraction procedure as an inpatient on the 16th September 2024. However, I found that her experienced persistent and prolonged infection depleting her physiological reserve and contributed to her succumbing to a fatal pneumonia on the 25th October 2024. I am concerned that this lack of information sharing along a communication pathway between the Cardiology department and specialist surgical extraction team at Wythenshawe and the Cardiology departments at local treating hospitals risks such referrals being delayed or not being made at all, as happened in the present case. ”

    Source location

    Honoria Culshaw · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop structured Emergency Department discharge communications and built-in referral reminders, while reviewing amendments to the current Emergency Department notes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Onward communication and referral to external providers have been a key area of focus and improvement for the Trust. Following this case, further work is being done with discharge communications from Emergency Departments to provide structured discharge information and also built in reminders to staff that if a referral is required, the correct process is following at the point of discharge. This includes working with digital colleagues to review the practicalities of amending the current Emergency Department notes that are generated by the Trust.”

    Source location

    Response from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve Emergency Department HIVE discharge workflows so staff can send discharge letters to relevant healthcare providers, including external cardiology departments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of the rolling programme of improvements of the use of HIVE, the Trust is committed to improve the discharge process in our Emergency Departments to ensure that the workflow is seamless and our clinical teams are aware of the functionality to send copies of Emergency Department discharge letters to a full range of healthcare providers. This would include cardiology departments at providers such as the Royal Preston Hospital.”

    Source location

    Response from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop HIVE tip sheets and video guides on using the Emergency Department discharge navigator’s correspondence function and share them with relevant staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust will also develop additional HIVE tip sheets and video guides to increase knowledge and awareness of the ‘correspondence’ tab in the Emergency Department’s discharge navigator within HIVE. The tip sheets and video guides will be available by 15 December 2025 and shared with all relevant staff members by this date by the Emergency Department’s Clinical Head of Division.”

    Source location

    Response from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Build the HIVE discharge navigator so the correspondence workflow appears in the Emergency Department’s Dispo section.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The intention is that the ‘correspondence’ workflow will appear in the ‘Dispo’ section (the discharge navigator for the Emergency Department). This will require a fundamental HIVE build and therefore will not be completed until June 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reinforce with Cardiology the importance of communicating with other secondary and tertiary care providers to maximise continuity of care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have reinforced with the Cardiology Department that communication with other secondary and tertiary care providers is of paramount importance to ensure continuity of care is maximised for patients. From 15 December 2025 onwards when the tip sheets and video guides are available, Cardiology Residents’ training will include focused education regarding the processes available to copy inpatient discharge letters that are sent to general practitioners to other relevant healthcare providers. This uses the same process within the electronic patient record as medical staff use to send letters following outpatient clinic appointments. This training will be”

    Source location

    Response from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide Cardiology Residents with focused training on copying inpatient discharge letters to relevant healthcare providers and referring patients to available pacemaker extraction services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have reinforced with the Cardiology Department that communication with other secondary and tertiary care providers is of paramount importance to ensure continuity of care is maximised for patients. From 15 December 2025 onwards when the tip sheets and video guides are available, Cardiology Residents’ training will include focused education regarding the processes available to copy inpatient discharge letters that are sent to general practitioners to other relevant healthcare providers. This uses the same process within the electronic patient record as medical staff use to send letters following outpatient clinic appointments. This training will be”

    Source location

    Response from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 September 2025

    Open published response
  7. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Audrey Newman · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Audrey Newman was admitted after a seizure and suspected encephalitis, but a planned lumbar puncture was delayed until 18 November 2024 because of difficulties involving staff competence, patient agitation and lack of consultant ownership. She subsequently developed severe renal failure while receiving acyclovir and antibiotics, and died from recognised risks of antiviral therapy for a suspected life-threatening condition. The principal concern was the absence of a formal pathway for escalating or referring difficult or delayed lumbar punctures to the anaesthetic team, creating a risk of future delays to crucial diagnostic tests and a risk of death.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Absence of a formal escalation and referral pathway to the anaesthetic team for difficult or unavailable lumbar punctures

    Wider context from the report

    “The evidence of the Trust was that CSF analysis was CRUCIAL for diagnosing meningitis or encephalitis when infection is suspected. Further, acyclovir is well recognised as a drug giving rise to renal injury. In its LLO the Trust stated that, in recognition of the lack of training to enable ward doctors to undertake lumbar puncture a series of training sessions were held and are to continue. Within the LLO it is stated, There is learning in relation to escalation by doctors when a lumbar puncture is needed and hasn’t been done either due to difficulty (eg agitation) or unavailability of competency trained doctors. This has been discussed and case shared at the general medicine teaching sessions in April 2025. The witness speaking to the LLO said that requests for escalation are still informal and based on goodwill. There is no formal process for requesting assistance. The issue of concern is that in the absence of a formal pathway or referral process to the anaesthetic team for those cases which fall into the above category there is a significant risk of future delays in carry out crucial diagnostic tests, and a risk of death. ”

    Source location

    Audrey Newman · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train medical staff to use Theatreman to log escalated procedures, provide pending-procedure visibility and create an audit trail.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2) A meeting was arranged between senior members of the anaesthetic team and ████████ (Divisional Medical Director for Medicine and Urgent Care) to formalise the process of escalation of difficult LPs to the anaesthetic team:”

    Source location

    Response from Stockport NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Formulate the anaesthetic-escalation process for difficult lumbar punctures into a flow chart.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2) A meeting was arranged between senior members of the anaesthetic team and ████████ (Divisional Medical Director for Medicine and Urgent Care) to formalise the process of escalation of difficult LPs to the anaesthetic team:”

    Source location

    Response from Stockport NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Cascade the difficult-lumbar-puncture escalation flow chart to clinicians across medicine and urgent care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The process of escalation to anaesthetics is being formulated into a flow chart that will be cascaded to all clinicians in the division of medicine and urgent care.”

    Source location

    Response from Stockport NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Keep patients awaiting lumbar puncture on the acute medical unit until successful completion, recording agreed escalation in Theatreman before any ward transfer.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Patients awaiting a lumbar puncture to exclude meningitis, encephalitis, or subarachnoid haemorrhage will not be transferred off the acute medical unit until the LP is performed successfully. If there is a need to escalate after failed attempts then this needs to be agreed and logged onto Theatreman before the patient is transferred to another medical ward.”

    Source location

    Response from Stockport NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 September 2025

    Open published response
  8. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Jordan George James Fogg Howarth · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jordan George James Fogg Howarth, a fit and healthy 25-year-old, was admitted to hospital on 3 April 2023 with an unexplained and deteriorating condition. He was not escalated for critical care review as required, and although a later review identified that he needed urgent ICU admission, this was delayed; he suffered a cardiac arrest on 6 April 2023 and could not be resuscitated. The principal concerns included inadequate coordination and continuity of care, failure to follow escalation policy, insufficient documentation of clinical decisions, and a lack of multidisciplinary discussion.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to refer patients with a NEWS2 score of 5 and no ceiling of care to the CC Outreach team

    Wider context from the report

    “2. In relation to ICU the evidence before the inquest was that the Critical Care Outreach Practitioner had identified that Jordan needed to be moved to ICU urgently. This view had then to be ratified by the ICU Consultant if he was to be accepted into ICU. There was no documentation from the ICU consultant setting out their rationale for not examining Jordan at that point and for declining to admit him at that point. All the documentation was in the Critical Care Practitioner’s notes. There was no evidence of any discussions between the medical consultant and the ICU consultant about the decision in the clinical notes. 3. The trust policy was that anyone who had a NEWS2 score of 5 and no ceiling of care should be referred to the CC Outreach team. The inquest heard evidence that this was not followed on a number of occasions and the fact it had been missed was not identified by more senior members of the nursing team. 4. The inquest heard oral evidence of conversations that it was told had taken place between consultants in a number of specialisms about Jordan. These were not documented in his notes. ”

    Source location

    Jordan George James Fogg Howarth · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish, implement and spread the PIER Framework to support staff managing physical deterioration and involve patients, families and carers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Implementation of Martha’s Rule forms part of NHS England’s Managing Deterioration Safety Improvement Programme. This programme aims to reduce deterioration-associated harm by improving the prevention, identification, escalation and response to physical deterioration, through better system co-ordination and as part of safe and reliable pathways of care. In addition to phase one of Martha’s Rule implementation, the programme consists of the following workstreams:”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 May 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver the “Think Sepsis / Think Outreach” training and poster campaign and include sepsis in Outreach education days.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a direct result of this case the Trust implemented an immediate response as part of the Trust’s sepsis quality improvement project. The response was that a training and poster campaign describing “Think Sepsis / Think Outreach” as well as running a number of sepsis training. Sepsis is also now incorporated into the Outreach education day and this is available to all Trust staff. Please see attached a copy of that poster.”

    Source location

    Response from Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care
    Page 3 · response
    Published 9 May 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The hospital is responsible for considering the operational concerns and reporting the actions and improvements it will take.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Most of these issues are operational in nature and I note that you have rightly sent your report to the hospital in question (Tameside General Hospital). It will be important that they consider these issues and findings fully and write to you with the actions and improvements they will be taking to address your findings and prevent a recurrence of what happened to Mr Howarth.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 May 2024

    Open published response
  9. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Chloe Anne Tapp · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Chloe Anne Tapp, a 20-year-old with epilepsy and other medical conditions, suffered seizures and respiratory and cardiac arrest on 7 October 2021 and died in hospital on 8 October 2021. The principal concerns included delays transferring her to adult neurology, a telephone consultation despite her being non-verbal, an incorrect and inadequately documented medication tapering regime, and unanswered attempts to obtain clarification. Broader concerns were raised about staffing shortages, unsafe backlogs and difficulties responding to patients and carers within the neurology department.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to make timely referrals to adult neurology services

    Wider context from the report

    “Neurology departments are so overwhelmed and/or understaffed that a vulnerable young girl (particularly so during the Covid-19 pandemic), was not referred in a timely manner to adult neurology services and in fact, it transpired a referral had not been made at all. This appears to have been done for the first time in August 2021. ”

    Source location

    Chloe Anne Tapp · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Audit neurology clinic records for record-keeping compliance and conduct quarterly reviews for divisional governance assurance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To ensure adherence to the expected standards we have completed an audit of neurology clinic records during February and March 2024.The results of this audit showed overall good compliance with dictation, headers, footers, and onward referrals. Small deviations that were picked up were fed back to the team and actioned. Audit reviews will continue quarterly to provide assurance to the divisional governance meeting. These are in addition to the Trust wide record keeping audits.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid and South Essex NHS
    Page 3 · response
    Published 6 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct a GIRFT review visit to Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust’s neurology department.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Having considered your Report and the concerns raised, a GIRFT visit to Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust has been arranged to review the specific situation within their Neurology department.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 6 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop national neurology guidance and specifications supporting integrated care, including epilepsy services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England’s Neurology Programme is in the process of developing guidance and specifications to support Systems and NHS Trusts to develop integrated care for neurology services, including epilepsy. However, this cannot directly impact issues arising from funding shortfalls in individual services or challenges with recruitment and retention of appropriately qualified medical and nursing staff in some parts of the country, as raised in your Report.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 6 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish and disseminate a national bundle of care for children and young people with epilepsy, including transition recommendations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Transition pathways from paediatric to adult services are a particular point of risk with variable processes across the country, with both paediatric and adult neurology services stretched. This is particularly a recognised issue for epilepsy. NHS England’s Paediatrics Programme recently published the national bundle of care for children and young people with epilepsy. Published in October 2023, and builds on existing guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), it is aimed at clinicians by outlining specific recommendations for integrated care systems on the provision of care for children and young people with epilepsy particularly around transition.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 6 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The delay in referral was not attributable to the Trust, which disputes responsibility for the alleged failure to refer Chloe to adult neurology.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We acknowledge your concern that there was a delay in Chloe’s referral to adult neurology services, however this delay was not attributable to Mid and South Essex Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Chloe was known to our paediatric services however, once she reached 16 years of age her epilepsy was managed by the Royal London Hospital in conjunction with her GP; we did not receive any communication from them relating to her transitional care.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid and South Essex NHS
    Page 1 · response
    Published 6 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    After age 16, Chloe’s epilepsy was managed by the Royal London Hospital and her GP, who were responsible for transitional communication.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We acknowledge your concern that there was a delay in Chloe’s referral to adult neurology services, however this delay was not attributable to Mid and South Essex Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Chloe was known to our paediatric services however, once she reached 16 years of age her epilepsy was managed by the Royal London Hospital in conjunction with her GP; we did not receive any communication from them relating to her transitional care.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid and South Essex NHS
    Page 1 · response
    Published 6 March 2024

    Open published response
  10. North Wales (East and Central)

    AI-generated summary

    Emily Corfield · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Emily Corfield, aged 41, was found deceased at home on 19 September 2021 after a history of alcohol misuse and two hospital admissions for coffee ground vomiting and alcohol withdrawal. The principal concern was the lack of evidence that the alcohol liaison team provided inpatient or outpatient support or that referrals to external organisations were made.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of systems and processes to ensure completion of alcohol liaison team referrals

    Wider context from the report

    “Emily had two inpatient admissions in the year of her death. Whilst the clinician had noted that she was for referral to the alcohol liaison team there was no evidence that Emily had in fact received any input from them either as an inpatient or as an outpatient nor any referrals to external organisations. It is concerning that there appears to have been no evidence that Emily was receiving support from the Alcohol Liaison Team whilst an inpatient on either occasion despite her long history of alcohol misuse and need for support. In the event that clinicians advise referral to alcohol liaison team, either as an inpatient or as an outpatient there ought to be systems and processes to ensure that this occurs. ”

    Source location

    Emily Corfield · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update the service specification to include electronic contact, risk, signposting, referral and service-exit recording requirements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, concerning the monitoring of support, the new system, amongst other things, allows a “red flag” to be displayed for those patients who are considered to be a risk to themselves or others, has the option to add viewable risk management plans, records signposting that has taken place and has an internal referral system to refer patients directly to another service. Further, if a patient leaves the service, staff need to input the exit date, reason and other relevant information. Adferiad is updating its service specification to incorporate these requirements. The updated service specification will be implemented and rolled out to all staff by the end of September 2023.”

    Source location

    Response from Adferiad
    Page 3 · response
    Published 21 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement and roll out the updated service specification to all staff by the end of September 2023.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, concerning the monitoring of support, the new system, amongst other things, allows a “red flag” to be displayed for those patients who are considered to be a risk to themselves or others, has the option to add viewable risk management plans, records signposting that has taken place and has an internal referral system to refer patients directly to another service. Further, if a patient leaves the service, staff need to input the exit date, reason and other relevant information. Adferiad is updating its service specification to incorporate these requirements. The updated service specification will be implemented and rolled out to all staff by the end of September 2023.”

    Source location

    Response from Adferiad
    Page 3 · response
    Published 21 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Issue communication clarifying the referral process to liaison services and share it with clinical teams across the Health Board.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “During consideration of your concerns, it was identified that the liaison service did not receive a referral from the treating team located in our Integrated Health Community (East). In response to this, a communication has been produced that outlines the referral process to liaison services that will be shared with clinical teams across the Health Board to ensure there is clarity and consistency across all areas. This communication has now been issued.”

    Source location

    Response from Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the liaison psychiatry delivery framework with stakeholders and progress revisions through consultation and ratification.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Although in date and operational, the MHLD Liaison Psychiatry Services in Acute Hospitals Delivery Framework will be reviewed by a working group of stakeholders, to include liaison team managers and key clinicians, led by a senior manager to ensure the referral process is clear and unambiguous.”

    Source location

    Response from Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 July 2023

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026