Recurring concern

Inadequate controls for fire risks in domestic fridge-freezers

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First reported 8 May 2014•Latest report 28 Jan 2019

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of controls specifically dedicated to preventing, detecting or mitigating fire risks in domestic fridge-freezers, including unsafe components or materials, inadequate manufacturer risk assessment, design or manufacturing safeguards, recall or remedial action where directly tied to the appliance fire risk, and related controls addressing capacitor ignition, flammable insulation or refrigerant-vapour leaks.

Not included

  • Excludes generic electrical-appliance fire risks where the assertion does not specifically concern domestic fridge-freezers.
  • Excludes ordinary appliance maintenance, misuse or installation failures where no design, manufacturing or product-safety control deficiency is identified.
  • Excludes general product warnings, consumer information or recall-process failures unless they directly concern controlling a fire risk in domestic fridge-freezers.
  • Excludes fire risks from unrelated kitchen equipment, refrigeration equipment used in commercial or industrial settings, and hazards arising solely from external wiring or premises conditions.
Reports
3

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
4

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2019

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
7

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Association of British Insurers1
Beko PLC1
British Retail Consortium1
British Standards Institution1
Chartered Trading Standards Institute1
Department for Business, Innovation & Skills1
Glen Dimplex Home Appliances Limited1
Hotpoint UK Appliances Limited1
Institution of Fire Engineers1
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government1
National Fire Chiefs Council1
Office for Product Safety and Standards1
The Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Appliances1
The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences1
UK Association of Fire Investigators1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Lincolnshire

    AI-generated summary

    Terence Penney · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Terence Penney received fatal injuries in a fire at his home on 21 February 2018. The fire followed the accidental ignition of leaking Iso-butane from a domestic refrigerator when he switched on an electric coffee machine. The principal concern was that similar leaks could occur in other refrigerators, including older units, with potentially similar consequences.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Domestic fridges in circulation at risk of vapour leaks causing fires

    Wider context from the report

    “1. This fire occurred as a result of a vapour leak from a domestic fridge 2. No issue had been detected with the unit previously 3. The unit was barely 5 years old. 4. There was no suggestion that the unit had been abused or worked upon or that the leak arose as a consequence of anything other than a failure of the unit 5. There is likely to be a significant number of these units in circulation, some of them older than that owned by Mr Penney. The possibility of similar leaks occurring elsewhere and with similar tragic consequences must be considered. ”

    Source location

    Terence Penney · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  2. North London

    AI-generated summary

    Santosh Benjamin Muthiah · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Santosh Benjamin Muthiah died after a fire spread through his home while he and his family were sleeping, with the medical cause recorded as cerebral anoxia due to inhalation of fire fumes. The report raised concerns about the identification and communication of appliance-fire information, risks from recalled and second-hand refrigeration appliances, product safety risk assessments, guidance and notification practices, and the construction and components of refrigeration appliances, including capacitors.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of requirements to isolate or protect refrigeration-appliance insulation from ignition

    Wider context from the report

    “20. I heard evidence from the LFB witnesses who gave evidence concerning the inherent risks that refrigeration appliances present due to their construction. The polyurethane insulation material used in most refrigeration appliances represents a high fuel load, is highly flammable and when on fire burns to create dangerous gases. 21. There is no legal requirement or industry standard that this insulation material is isolated from or protected from ignition by a failure in another component within the appliance, which represent a risk of ignition, such as the compressor, capacitor or ancillary components. This represents a serious risk to the safety of consumers. ”

    Source location

    Santosh Benjamin Muthiah · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Underestimation of capacitor-related fire risk in Beko fridge-freezer risk assessment

    Wider context from the report

    “31. I heard evidence from LFB witnesses who gave evidence of their concerns that serious failures in Beko Frost Free Fridge Freezers (“FFFF’s”) manufactured between 2000 and 2006 are continuing resulting in a serious risk to the safety of consumers. ████████ gave evidence of the numbers of fires which the LFB FIT have investigated to date, the appliance models and the causes of the fires. The LFB have written to Beko concerning these fires and the risk the appliances represent. This concern relates in large part to capacitor failures. 32. Although it is right to say that there was some evidence that there may be an “industry wide problem” i.e. that this risk is not specific to Beko, this alone does not address the risk which exists in Beko products and nor have the LFB been concerned enough in relation to the risk presented by other manufacturer’s products to write to any of them. 33. The LFB were provided with a risk assessment from Beko dated 26 April 2012 which states that the risk is “low” such that no action is necessary or proposed. The LFB is concerned that this underestimates the risk to the safety of consumers, particularly as Beko witnesses’ own evidence seemed to highlight that they consider the capacitor as a potential ignition source in fires. ”

    Source location

    Santosh Benjamin Muthiah · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Prepare and advance an international standards proposal addressing refrigeration-appliance construction and fire safety concerns.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “████████ the Technical Manager on Refrigeration within AMDEA, together with industry safety specialists prepared a basic proposal for change to the international standard IEC 60335-2-24 to cover these points. This work arose because of a previous fire incident. This proposal was placed before the BSI committee CPL61 and, was accepted as a UK proposal for change at international level in 2014.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-AMDEA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Progress a proposal requiring flame-retardant coverings over foam insulation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “(37) Regarding the matter of protecting foam insulation from the risk of ignition, the UK has put in a proposal on this to the International committee IEC SC 61C and in November 2014 this was agreed to be progressed to a Formal Vote. The proposal requires a flame retardant covering to be put over foam insulation. We believe that if this proposal is accepted internationally and in the EN then item 37 will be resolved. Relevant text from the UK delegate’s report from this meeting is attached to this letter.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue promoting best practice and drawing attention to Prosafe risk-assessment guidance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The first two concerns you have addressed to me relate to differences in approach to undertaking risk assessments of products (paragraphs 26-29), and inconsistencies in the related guidance (paragraphs 31-34). My view on this is that the legislation itself is clear, and that this is underpinned by equally clear guidance (produced by Prosafe, a non-profit making organisation which draws together European Market Surveillance Authorities to spread and develop best practice, with support from the UK). The Government plays a leading role in discussions on risk assessment and corrective action in the EU, and we will continue to promote best practice and draw attention to the Prosafe guidance on this basis.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-Department-for-Business-Innovation-Skills
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Amend the capacitor standard to introduce segmented-dielectric requirements, revise destruction testing, and establish safety classes S0 through S3.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is important to note that the capacitors standard was amended in 2013 and is now designated as BS EN 60252-1:2011+A1:2013. This includes new features associated with segmented metallised dielectrics, Clause 3.22.4 and a revision of the destruction test, Clause 5.16.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Consider amending the appliance safety standard to reference the amended capacitor standard and its S0–S3 safety classes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The recommendation of PEL/33 is that:”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Consider specifying the highest capacitor safety protection levels, S2 and S3, for refrigeration applications.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The recommendation of PEL/33 is that:”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continued use of highly flammable insulation in refrigeration appliances, with slight containment material changes, is considered satisfactory because it meets Ecodesign performance requirements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “With regard to point 39 the insulation material used in refrigeration appliances: whilst this is highly flammable it has been successfully used for at least 30 years and is currently the only way to meet the performance requirements of the Ecodesign Regulation as part of the industry’s commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We believe that their continued use, with slight changes in the materials used to contain them, will be satisfactory.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-AMDEA
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The high fuel load from polyurethane insulation is necessary to achieve the performance required by the Eco-design Directive.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Item 36) The high fuel load from the polyurethane insulation material is necessary to achieve the high level of performance required by the Eco-design Directive.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Changing the relevant British Standards requires international or European committee proposals and formal voting, so BSI cannot determine the outcome unilaterally.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As you will be aware these are British Standards which are based on European harmonized standards which are in turn based upon International IEC standards. Any change we wish to make to the British Standard must be submitted by way of a proposal to the International Committee and/or the European Committee and is then subject to formal voting procedures.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Changing standards and manufacturers’ designs will take time, limiting the speed of any resulting safety improvements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We trust that the above demonstrates that where possible BSI is taking on board the recommendations contained in the Coroner’s report but we have to advise that we cannot guarantee that our position will prevail at international level. Additionally, it is important to be aware that the whole process of changing the standard and manufacturers changing their designs will take some time. Finally, changing the standard will not eradicate the problem which might exist with products already in use.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Changing the standards will not eradicate risks from products already in use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We trust that the above demonstrates that where possible BSI is taking on board the recommendations contained in the Coroner’s report but we have to advise that we cannot guarantee that our position will prevail at international level. Additionally, it is important to be aware that the whole process of changing the standard and manufacturers changing their designs will take some time. Finally, changing the standard will not eradicate the problem which might exist with products already in use.”

    Source location

    2014-0476-Response-by-BSI
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 November 2014

    Open published response
  3. Newcastle upon Tyne

    AI-generated summary

    Anthony Lapping · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Anthony Lapping died after a fire at his home, following the ignition of a cooker and the rapid spread of fire to an adjacent fridge freezer. The principal concern was that highly flammable insulation in fridge freezers could cause rapid fire spread, reducing opportunities for escape and increasing the risk of further deaths.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure by fridge-freezer manufacturers to address risks posed by highly flammable insulation materials

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) There is a clearly identified risk of further deaths if manufacturers do not address the risks posed by the highly flammable nature of the insulation material used in the manufacture of kitchen equipment (fridge freezers) in common use by the public at large. ”

    Source location

    Anthony Lapping · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Assess and develop methods for introducing aluminized cardboard coverings over key insulation areas on the new 60cm product platform.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Future Developments Currently, we are assessing proposals to reduce the potential flammability of cooling products even further, through the possible introduction of an aluminized cardboard covering for the key insulation areas. Unfortunately due to constraints within the design that we have in production now, particularly the fact that our insulation is quite convex, introduction of this material today is not feasible. However, we are studying methods of introducing such a material on our new 60cm product platform which is under development.”

    Source location

    2014-0214-Response-by-Indesit
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 May 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introducing aluminized cardboard covering is currently not feasible because existing insulation design constraints prevent its implementation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Future Developments Currently, we are assessing proposals to reduce the potential flammability of cooling products even further, through the possible introduction of an aluminized cardboard covering for the key insulation areas. Unfortunately due to constraints within the design that we have in production now, particularly the fact that our insulation is quite convex, introduction of this material today is not feasible. However, we are studying methods of introducing such a material on our new 60cm product platform which is under development.”

    Source location

    2014-0214-Response-by-Indesit
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 May 2014

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026