Recurring concern

Insufficient ambulance service capacity for emergency calls

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First reported 9 Jan 2014•Latest report 2 Feb 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes recurring deficiencies in ambulance-service capacity, including insufficient funded ambulances, crews, emergency-response vehicles, staffing or resource resilience where these limit the service's ability to cover emergency calls and meet operational demand.

Not included

  • Excludes delayed ambulance attendance, dispatch, call triage, radio communication and hospital handover failures when ambulance capacity itself is not the deficient condition.
  • Excludes emergency-service capacity outside ambulance services.
  • Excludes generic recruitment, retention or funding concerns unless they directly result in insufficient ambulance-service capacity for emergency calls.
  • Excludes a single unresourced call or isolated response delay where no continuing ambulance-capacity deficiency is asserted.
Reports
58

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
62

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
208

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care32
NHS England11
Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust8
Association of Ambulance Chief Executives4
East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust4
East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust4
NHS Derby and Derbyshire Integrated Care Board3
North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust3
South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust3
Betsi Cadwaladr University LHB2
NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board2
NHS North East and North Cumbria Integrated Care Board2
North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust2
Welsh Government2
Aneurin Bevan University LHB1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. West Sussex

    AI-generated summary

    MARGARET STEMP · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Margaret Stemp, aged 91, was found deceased on 28 December 2017 after she and her sister had fallen and remained on the floor for over seven hours before police assistance. The inquest concluded that she died from natural causes following a long lie on the floor where there had been missed opportunities for medical intervention. Concerns included insufficient ambulance resources, reliance on police for welfare support, failure to recognise worsening circumstances, and no clinical oversight of the decision to stand down the ambulance response.

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient resources for handling high call volumes

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) That there were insufficient resources to deal with the high number of calls on this day which meant that these two ladies were left on the floor for over 7 hours and what would have been considerably longer had the Police not attended. ”

    Source location

    MARGARET STEMP · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Purchase approximately 100 new ambulances over three years to increase ambulance capacity.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “b. We are purchasing approximately 100 new ambulances over the course of the next three years, again to increase our resource base. As an immediate measure, we have”

    Source location

    2018-0198-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Purchase second-hand ambulances to address anticipated winter demand pressures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “b. We are purchasing approximately 100 new ambulances over the course of the next three years, again to increase our resource base. As an immediate measure, we have”

    Source location

    2018-0198-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Carry out a Demand and Capacity Review with commissioners to determine required resources and how they will be provided.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “c. We are, together with our commissioners, carrying out a “Demand and Capacity Review”, which will enable both parties to determine:”

    Source location

    2018-0198-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 July 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the forecasting model to improve prediction of hourly resource requirements and system pressures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “d. We have planned a review of our forecasting model, with the objective of better anticipating what resources will be needed for any hour of any day, making provision for system pressures.”

    Source location

    2018-0198-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 July 2018

    Open published response
  2. Derby and Derbyshire

    AI-generated summary

    BERNARD LESLIE GERRARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Bernard Leslie Gerrard sustained injuries in an unwitnessed fall at the care home, was found to have a left fractured neck of femur, and died on 2 December 2017 despite treatment. The principal concern was a prolonged ambulance response, including delays to both the initial Category 3 response and the later Category 2 response, which EMAS attributed to insufficient resources and funding.

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in emergency vehicle responses

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) There was a 10 hour vehicle response delay to attend to a Category 3 call. When the call was eventually upgraded to a Category 2 response, there was a further 50 minute delay. EMAS report that they cannot cope with the current demands placed on their service due to insufficient funding which is resulting in unacceptable vehicle response times ”

    Source location

    BERNARD LESLIE GERRARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete the jointly commissioned strategic demand and capacity review to determine staffing requirements against national performance standards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) does not believe it is funded correctly to deliver the service our patients require. As a result the EMAS 2016/17, Urgent and Emergency Ambulance Contract, documented the agreement made between the Commissioners and ourselves to undertake a jointly commissioned Independent Strategic Demand and Capacity Review, to understand the number of staff we require to deliver the nationally agreed standards. Within that agreement EMAS formally committed to the implementation of the outcome of the review, while Commissioners formally committed to support the implementation of the outcome.”

    Source location

    2018-0070-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the outcome of the strategic demand and capacity review.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) does not believe it is funded correctly to deliver the service our patients require. As a result the EMAS 2016/17, Urgent and Emergency Ambulance Contract, documented the agreement made between the Commissioners and ourselves to undertake a jointly commissioned Independent Strategic Demand and Capacity Review, to understand the number of staff we require to deliver the nationally agreed standards. Within that agreement EMAS formally committed to the implementation of the outcome of the review, while Commissioners formally committed to support the implementation of the outcome.”

    Source location

    2018-0070-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Recruit and train approximately 295 frontline operational staff and 48 Emergency Operations Centre staff for operational deployment during 2018/19 and early 2019/20.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Due to the implementation of the national standards following the introduction of the Ambulance Response Programme in July 2017, the review concluded at the end of March. The review has confirmed that EMAS has a substantial resource gap and requires approximately 295 additional frontline operational staff and 48 additional staff to work within the Emergency Operations Centre to enable us to deliver the nationally defined performance standards.”

    Source location

    2018-0070-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish and operate an Urgent Care Transport Service with dedicated crews and dispatch arrangements for urgent and low-acuity patients.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of this review the Trust has already established an Urgent Care Transport Service (UCTS) which went live on Tuesday 3 April. We operate 25 crews on duty across the region responding to patients who either require urgent admission to hospital, as determined by their general practitioner or other healthcare professional (HCP), or who have low acuity healthcare needs as assessed by our Clinical Assessment Team or frontline emergency crews.”

    Source location

    2018-0070-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 June 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient funding and a substantial resource gap prevent delivery of nationally defined ambulance performance standards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) does not believe it is funded correctly to deliver the service our patients require. As a result the EMAS 2016/17, Urgent and Emergency Ambulance Contract, documented the agreement made between the Commissioners and ourselves to undertake a jointly commissioned Independent Strategic Demand and Capacity Review, to understand the number of staff we require to deliver the nationally agreed standards. Within that agreement EMAS formally committed to the implementation of the outcome of the review, while Commissioners formally committed to support the implementation of the outcome.”

    Source location

    2018-0070-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 June 2018

    Open published response
  3. Sunderland

    AI-generated summary

    Raymond Henry Davidson (Raymond) · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Raymond Henry Davidson died at home on 10 June 2017 after ambulance responses to urgent and emergency calls did not attend before he stopped breathing. The report identified ongoing ambulance resource shortages and delays in responding to urgent cases, as well as concerns that the initial clinical review was not sufficiently robust because telephone contact was not made directly with Raymond.

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient ambulance resources causing delays to urgent responses

    Wider context from the report

    “I heard evidence that: - • the recruitment/retention of staff had improved; and • welfare calls triggered earlier clinician involvement than previously; and • although there were several other initiatives under way, operational shortages were ongoing. Raymond’s death highlighted resource issues. There was only so much NEAS could do when they simply did not have enough ambulances to send. At times demand was greater than the resources NEAS had available. The effect of urgent cases being interposed put back those cases appearing to be less urgent. In this case: - • 10 hours 51 minutes elapsed from the original 111 call; • 8 hours and 29 minutes after the urgent categorisation; and • 1 hour 3 minutes after the case was prioritised as a G2 response. This is the third such report about the same issue that I have written in recent months as I consider that there is a risk of future deaths. An urgent review of resources and their application is needed. Finally from the evidence, there was frequent telephone contact made, but this was not with the patient directly, which may have impacted on the less than robust initial clinical review of Raymond’s condition. ”

    Source location

    Raymond Henry Davidson (Raymond) · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and approve an action plan with timescales for addressing the funding shortfall and delivering ambulance response standards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “– We are aiming to develop and approve an action plan by the end of May 2018 that will include timescales to address the shortfall in funding and deliver the ARP standards;”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Achieve a 25% frontline-staff abstraction target through a 33.3% relief rate and associated workforce efficiency.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “– Within this agreement, an assumption is made in the ORH report that abstraction rates of frontline staff are reduced from 34.4%. A target abstraction level of 25%,”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish and operate an implementation group to develop, implement and oversee the detailed ORH implementation plan.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has started to share the content of the ORH report with stakeholders via a number of engagement events. We have established an implementation group who will develop, implement and oversee a detailed implementation plan. This will include current rosters versus new, staffing implications, vehicles and estates. The Trust and partners are reviewing contractual implications alongside the approval processes.”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve crew shift start and finish times to increase crew availability.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are working with ORH to look to improve our crew shift start and finish times. This will also assist with better overall availability of crews throughout the shift. We are also looking to improve the productivity of the dispatch teams by reducing the number of ambulances managed by each dispatcher.”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve dispatch-team productivity by reducing the number of ambulances managed by each dispatcher.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are working with ORH to look to improve our crew shift start and finish times. This will also assist with better overall availability of crews throughout the shift. We are also looking to improve the productivity of the dispatch teams by reducing the number of ambulances managed by each dispatcher.”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Audit dispatch allocation times monthly and provide training or action plans where dispatchers need support.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Dispatch managers monitor on a monthly basis through audit, the allocation times of the dispatch team. The time frames are monitored in line with national guidance to ensure compliance. Individual training and actions plans can and are issued with any dispatcher who needs further support in ensuring calls are allocated within the given dispatch standard times”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reduce C2 conveyance rates in Central and North divisions toward South division levels by 2021/22.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Some reduction in conveyance rates is also feasible, with a corresponding increase in time at scene, particularly in Central and North divisions.”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work with Northumberland CCG to establish a multidisciplinary rapid response team for lower-acuity community cases.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are working with Northumberland CCG to put in place a rapid response team who will provide a multidisciplinary team to respond to a wide range of lower acuity cases in the community to provide paramedics with an alternative option to ED. We have provided 50”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide 50 additional E-Care course places to equip staff to leave suitable patients safely at home.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are working with Northumberland CCG to put in place a rapid response team who will provide a multidisciplinary team to respond to a wide range of lower acuity cases in the community to provide paramedics with an alternative option to ED. We have provided 50”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reduce hospital handover times toward a 30-minute mean in each division by 2018/19.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. A reduction in time at hospital should be targeted, particularly in Central and North divisions, aiming to reduce to a 30-minute mean by 2018/19 in each division.”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use a regional handover standard operating procedure and task-and-finish collaboration to improve accountability for ambulance handovers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are working with our partners across the region in a Task and Finish Group to focus on ambulance handovers. We hold a weekly conference call with all of the acute trusts, NHS England, NHS Improvement and the North East Urgent and Emergency Care Network to address issues and formulate strategies to improve handover. We have developed a joint standard operating procedure for handover across the region which has been in place since November. We are working together to ensure that there is a culture of accountability for handover embedded in both the acute and ambulance Trusts at grass roots level. Hospital Handover is part of every individual’s objective and discussed during performance reviews and ride-outs.”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Base an operational manager permanently within two acute trusts to monitor, manage and escalate handover issues.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are basing an Operational manager permanently within two acute trusts to monitor and manage the handover process and build relationships within the hospital to ensure that issues are escalated early so we can take proactive action before we start to experience handover delays”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the REAP and Escalation Policy defining actions for Emergency Operations Centre and operational staff in response to demand.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has also implemented a robust REAP / Escalation Policy which details very clearly the actions to be taken within the Emergency Operations Centre and by Operational staff in line with demand.”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 5 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implementing the new ambulance response standards requires £10.4 million recurrent investment; the £3.9 million shortfall prevents full delivery pending funding discussions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Delivery of the new ambulance response standards is dependent on receipt of a recurrent annual cost of investment of £10.4 million, identified from the ORH report, of which:”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commissioners control withdrawal of £1.3 million from the emergency operations centre and will address resulting safety concerns after NHS111 procurement.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Separately, we have raised a significant patient safety concern with commissioners over their decision to withdraw £1.3 million from our 999 emergency operations centre by September 2018. This removes a significant number of clinical support advisers to our 999 call takers and dispatchers. Commissioners have communicated that they will address our concerns in September 2018 after the completion of the NHS111 procurement process in the North East of England.”

    Source location

    2018-0059-North-East-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 8 June 2018

    Open published response
  4. Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Kevan FUNNELL · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kevan Funnell, described as an older man with a head injury, was found lying in a public highway on a freezing night in October 2017. The principal concern was the ambulance service’s delayed response, including concerns that the first two calls were not appropriately progressed or escalated and that the call-handling system was not fit for purpose in this case.

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of responders for the designated response timeframe

    Wider context from the report

    “At the Inquest into the death of Mr Funnell I heard that the ambulance have introduced a relatively new system of dealing with calls and it seems to me timely to write now because it was a matter of concern to me that the ambulance was so delayed in its response to Mr Funnell. You will be able to see the basic facts in Part 3 of the Record of Inquest. This was an older man with an obvious head injury lying in the public highway on a freezing cold night. The first call was at 23:36 and was apparently graded with a 30 minute response (I know that 30 minute responses do not exist now but they did at the time that we are talking about i.e. in October 2017). If the ambulance had arrived within the 30 minute response time it would have been at the scene by no later ten past midnight. At 16 minutes past midnight there was a second call, firstly to ask where the ambulance was and secondly to explain that Mr Funnell was now vomiting and there was blood in his vomit. This was not flagged up and I was told at the Inquest that if it had been, it would have upgraded the call. Therefore, following Call 2 there was no change in status, the caller was told to ring again if things got worse, an apology was given but there was no estimated time of arrival. Call 3 came in at 00:34 hours, i.e. 58 minutes after the first call to say that the patient was now unconscious. This call was upgraded to what was a Red 1 then and what I understand would be a C1 now. That is to say it was upgraded to an 8 minute response from 00:34 so the ambulance should have been there by 00:42 and in fact an ambulance arrived at 00:51. This is really a shocking performance. Apparently there has been an audit and Cal 1 passed the audit; I cannot think why. There was no inability to triage the call but no-one was assigned so effectively that call was abandoned. With regard to Call 2. Effectively Call 2 was also abandoned. Your Legal Advisor at the Inquest took issue with my using the term “abandoned” however, it seems to me that is exactly what happened and if there had not been a third call (all these calls were made by complete strangers to Mr Funnell who just found him lying in the road as they were coming and going about their business; it was they who took care of him, accepted responsibility for him, tried to keep him warm, tried to keep him comfortable, tried to keep him safe and they should be able to rely on a good ambulance response in those circumstances) it seems possible that he might have been left in the street for maybe another hour at least. I was told that the only way you can interrupt the system is by flagging up the need for a clinician. If that is not done, ████████ explained that during each shift a clinician will look at the stacked calls and will call back and make a decision about whether or not to upgrade the call. I was told that the fundamental problem was that the original triage was probably wrong and in any event there were no 30 minute responders available at that time. I was also told that the call taker can always use their initiative and ask a Clinician to come and intervene and advise them. ████████ agreed that it would be useful if there was more training for the call takers so that they did not feel inhibited from involving the clinicians in potentially difficult calls. During the course of my summing up I expressed the view that for Mr Funnell in this particular case, the Pathway system that SECAMB uses was not fit for purpose and in any event seems unsuited, without modification, to an emergency service. ”

    Source location

    Kevan FUNNELL · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve demand forecasting so available ambulance and crew hours more closely match service demand.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, the demand for our services on the night in question was greater than had been forecast. Since then, there has been much improvement in how we forecast and during 2018 the ambulance and crew hours we have available much more closely match the level of demand.”

    Source location

    Response from South East Coast Ambulance Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work with commissioners on a jointly commissioned demand and capacity review to align resource requirements with service demand.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To summarise, it is clear that there was an error with the original classification of Mr Funnell and then a failure to upgrade his call. For this, I am sorry. Although this was human error, the recent NHS Pathways upgrade will significantly reduce the risk of such an error recurring. We are currently working with our commissioners in a jointly commissioned demand and capacity review, intended to better align our resource requirements to the demands on our service, particularly in the light of the newly introduced Ambulance Response Programme standards.”

    Source location

    Response from South East Coast Ambulance Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2024

    Open published response
  5. West Sussex

    AI-generated summary

    Barbara Joan Howard · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Barbara Joan Howard fell at home on 19 July 2017, experienced delays in ambulance response and backup, and was taken to hospital, where she died from injuries sustained in the fall on 20 July 2017. The concerns included ambulance and clinician staffing shortages, failure to make a priority-assessment call when the response exceeded the target time, and ambulance-call auditing below the stated target.

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Shortage of paramedic staff resulting in reduced ambulance availability

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) In evidence the Court was informed that on 19 July 2017 the Chichester and Worthing areas had 30-40 staff vacancies made up of 2 Paramedic Practitioner roles and 25 paramedic roles. This equated to being 2 ambulances and 1 car short. I was advised that the current position is that the area is now 14 paramedics short which equates to 1 ambulance per day for the area. ”

    Source location

    Barbara Joan Howard · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Monitor workforce and business-planning data to determine required crew skill mix and staffing levels.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Despite these challenges, we are taking measures to try to improve our recruitment of crew. The introduction of the Ambulance Response Programme (ARP) in November 2017 has led discussions surrounding a different skill mix requirement in our crews and this is being monitored at our workforce and business planning meetings, the first of which was in January 2018; this group will continue to meet over the next few months, using latest data to map out what our requirements are against call volume, call categorisation and vacancy rates. This is constantly evolving. We have also planned, for later this month, a meeting between our resourcing team and our Operating Unit Managers to work towards a new strategy to address our resourcing deficit.”

    Source location

    2017-0420-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 27 February 2018

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop a new strategy to address the paramedic and crew resourcing deficit through a scheduled resourcing-team and operations-management meeting.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Despite these challenges, we are taking measures to try to improve our recruitment of crew. The introduction of the Ambulance Response Programme (ARP) in November 2017 has led discussions surrounding a different skill mix requirement in our crews and this is being monitored at our workforce and business planning meetings, the first of which was in January 2018; this group will continue to meet over the next few months, using latest data to map out what our requirements are against call volume, call categorisation and vacancy rates. This is constantly evolving. We have also planned, for later this month, a meeting between our resourcing team and our Operating Unit Managers to work towards a new strategy to address our resourcing deficit.”

    Source location

    2017-0420-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 27 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Assess recruitment of IHCD-qualified paramedics as a new recruitment route.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are exploring the possibility of recruiting IHCD qualified paramedics – those who do not have a degree but qualified following an “on the job” training route. This is”

    Source location

    2017-0420-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 27 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Increase the Band 4 technician workforce to meet demand.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “a new measure as we had been restricting our recruitment to degree qualified paramedics. We are also increasing our Band 4/Technician workforce to meet demand.”

    Source location

    2017-0420-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 27 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Recruit newly qualified paramedics through live advertising and a scheduled assessment day.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Chichester and Worthing area currently has 14 vacancies, of which seven will be filled by qualifying students in March/April 2018, leaving seven truly outstanding vacancies. We have a live advert for newly qualified paramedics and have an assessment day planned for 3 February 2018.”

    Source location

    2017-0420-Response-by-South-East-Coast-Ambulance-Service-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 27 February 2018

    Open published response
  6. Gloucestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Susan Ann Smalley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Susan Ann Smalley, aged 67, suffered a witnessed fall at home on 8 August 2016, sustaining a significant head injury. Delays occurred in the initial ambulance response, the diagnosis and transfer between hospitals, and the urgent transfer for neurosurgical care; she died on 12 August 2016 after active care was withdrawn. The principal concerns related to ambulance resources, clarity about which hospital should treat patients, and how urgent inter-hospital transfers are expedited.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient ambulance resources to meet demand in the Gloucestershire area

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The sufficiency of ambulance resources that have been allocated to meet demand in the Gloucestershire area, ”

    Source location

    Susan Ann Smalley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. Dorset

    AI-generated summary

    Kathryn Verina Richmond · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kathryn Verina Richmond collapsed at home on 21 April 2015, was taken to hospital after delays in ambulance attendance, and died that morning despite lifesaving treatment for a ruptured spleen. The principal concern was that non-staggered ambulance crew shifts led to simultaneous meal breaks, reducing available resources and potentially delaying responses to emergency calls.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to stagger ambulance crew shifts and meal breaks

    Wider context from the report

    “i. Due to the non-staggering of shift patterns of ambulance crews within Ambulance Service Trusts, there could be increased delays in attending emergency calls due to ambulance staff taking meal breaks at the same time. ”

    Source location

    Kathryn Verina Richmond · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Make the National Directors of Operations Group aware of the concerns and remind it to review rostering arrangements regularly.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “AACE will ensure that the National Directors of Operations Group (NDOG) is made aware of your concerns associated with this tragic incident and remind them of the need to ensure that this is done on a regular basis.”

    Source location

    2017-0401-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 4 · response
    Published 15 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Department does not issue specific guidance on ambulance rostering structures or meal-break arrangements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I can confirm that the Department of Health and Social Care does not issue specific guidance to ambulance trusts on the structure of their rostering systems or meal break arrangements. Neither does the AACE have the power to mandate ambulance trusts to make changes to their operating practices. Paramedic meal breaks and shift pattern arrangements are operational matters for individual ambulance trusts.”

    Source location

    2017-0401-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 2 · response
    Published 15 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Association lacks authority to mandate ambulance trusts to change their operating practices.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Firstly, can I be clear that the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE) has no power to mandate Ambulance Trusts nationally to make changes to their operating practices which remain a matter for individual trusts and their respective Boards.”

    Source location

    2017-0401-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 3 · response
    Published 15 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing arrangements require trusts to stagger breaks where possible, review rosters regularly, and provide emergency interruption options.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, I am advised that all ambulance services are aware of the need to stagger meal breaks as much as possible and to regularly review rostering systems to stagger start and finish times and therefore meal breaks. In addition, all ambulance services have arrangements in place to enable clinicians to be interrupted during their breaks in the event of a major incident, and all services have additional arrangements for crews to be disturbed during a break on a voluntary basis to respond to potentially life-threatening calls.”

    Source location

    2017-0401-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 2 · response
    Published 15 February 2018

    Open published response
  8. Manchester City

    AI-generated summary

    Anthony William McCormack · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Anthony William McCormack became unwell and collapsed while an aircraft was taxiing at Manchester Airport, later suffering cardiac arrest and dying after resuscitation attempts at Wythenshawe Hospital. The report identified concerns about Emirates staff recognising cardiac arrest and agonal breathing, starting CPR promptly, and procedures when the Tempus system could not provide assistance. It also raised concerns about ambulance response targets and the availability of only one paramedic at Manchester Airport.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient paramedic staffing to provide Advanced Life Support at Manchester Airport

    Wider context from the report

    “• Consequent on the above and in this specific case there was only one paramedic on duty at any one time for the Manchester Airport. Such paramedic being required to carry out Basic Life Support alone and unable to start Advanced Life Support. ”

    Source location

    Anthony William McCormack · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve clinical capability and working conditions for ambulance paramedics through the ambulance improvement programme.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Department continues to work closely with NHS England and NHS Improvement to monitor and support performance in 2017-18, and there is a range of ambulance improvement programme work underway. This includes work to improve the clinical capability and conditions for paramedics; commissioning and operating models for ambulance services; and ambulance trust productivity and efficiency.”

    Source location

    2017-0241-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 3 · response
    Published 2 October 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provision of emergency ambulance services is assigned to the local NHS, including the North West Ambulance Service and its commissioners.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I should explain that the provision of emergency ambulance services is a matter for the local NHS. My officials have made enquiries with the North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust and the NHS Blackpool Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG), as lead commissioner for ambulance services in the North West region.”

    Source location

    2017-0241-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 1 · response
    Published 2 October 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The North West Ambulance Service and its commissioners consider one airport paramedic adequate for current activity, with a second reviewed as expansion occurs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Finally, as you will know, Manchester Airport is expanding. I am advised that work is underway to understand the impact this will have on the North West Ambulance Service and whether or not a second paramedic at Manchester Airport is required. This will be reviewed as the expansion takes place, but I am advised by”

    Source location

    2017-0241-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 2 · response
    Published 2 October 2017

    Open published response
  9. South Wales Central

    AI-generated summary

    Anton Kusz · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Anton Kusz, an 88-year-old care home resident, fell at breakfast on 5 January, fractured his right hip and was taken to hospital after a delay of over eight hours. He underwent surgery the following day and died on 7 January after a sudden cardiac arrest. The principal concern was the prolonged ambulance delay, including the impact of hospital handover delays and limited ambulance service resources, leaving him on the floor in pain for over eight hours.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient clinician capacity for timely secondary triage of 999 calls

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) There was a delay of over eight hours before an ambulance crew was able to convoy Mr Kusz to the hospital. The initial 999 call was made at 0822 hours and was then chased on at least seven different occasions by the care home and also his General Practitioner who saw him in the position in which he fell 5 hours after the fall. The evidence revealed that the General Practitioner reported an occasional irregular heart beat and asked that an urgent ambulance was sent. It was not until 1447 that a Clinician, employed by the Ambulance Service reviewed and undertook a secondary triage of Mr Kusz’s case which escalated his status to a more urgent case which, if known before may have resulted in an earlier response. The evidence went on to reveal that at that time there were just three Clinicians employed by the Welsh Ambulance Service reviewing all 999 calls for across Wales. One of the main factors accounting for the significant delay was the unavailability of resources/ambulances caused by extensive delays at hospitals across the region handing over patients at Accident and Emergency Departments. Delays of three to four hours were widely reported when the optimum period of time is fifteen minutes. This was so even though the escalation policy to “level three” (indicating severe pressure on the system) was in operation. Whilst the evidence was equivocal as to whether the delay had directly led to Mr Kusz’s death the fact that an 88 year old gentleman with a serious injury such as a fractured hip had to remain on the floor in the same position in pain for over eight hours raises a real concern for the safety of others. ”

    Source location

    Anton Kusz · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  10. North Northumberland

    AI-generated summary

    Kyle William Lowes · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kyle William Lowes, aged 16, died after his motor scooter collided with a car in Berwick-upon-Tweed on 30 January 2015. Emergency response was delayed because the nearby Berwick ambulance crew was on a meal break, requiring a paramedic to travel from Wooler; the report raised concerns about delayed responses to life-threatening incidents in Berwick-upon-Tweed when only one crew is available or is outside the area.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of assured paramedic crew availability during meal breaks after 10.00 p.m. in Berwick-upon-Tweed

    Wider context from the report

    “The new Northumbria Specialist Emergency Care Hospital now make better provision for the County of Northumberland as a whole, but extends still further the long journey times for emergency care from Berwick-upon-Tweed, a sizeable border town, with a population which trebles throughout the tourist season because of its location as a holiday destination. By having only one paramedic crew after 10.00 p.m., if that crew is on a meal break, or as they regularly need to do, attend duties in another part of the County, risk is created to the population of Berwick-upon-Tweed by significant delays in attending life threatening incidents after 10.00 p.m., as there was in Kyle’s case. I was informed at the Inquest that NEAS are introducing a scheme whereby paramedic crews will be asked at the start of each shift whether they are willing to be contacted for emergency calls during their meal breaks, which might go some way towards helping to resolve the concerns but does not provide any certainty while resting only on the goodwill and agreement of ambulance personnel. This proposal for response to emergency calls during meal breaks would also not address the risk of delayed response times when the single Berwick ambulance crew after 10.00 p.m. is called upon for duties out of the area. ”

    Source location

    Kyle William Lowes · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient local ambulance crew availability when the single Berwick crew is deployed out of area after 10.00 p.m.

    Wider context from the report

    “The new Northumbria Specialist Emergency Care Hospital now make better provision for the County of Northumberland as a whole, but extends still further the long journey times for emergency care from Berwick-upon-Tweed, a sizeable border town, with a population which trebles throughout the tourist season because of its location as a holiday destination. By having only one paramedic crew after 10.00 p.m., if that crew is on a meal break, or as they regularly need to do, attend duties in another part of the County, risk is created to the population of Berwick-upon-Tweed by significant delays in attending life threatening incidents after 10.00 p.m., as there was in Kyle’s case. I was informed at the Inquest that NEAS are introducing a scheme whereby paramedic crews will be asked at the start of each shift whether they are willing to be contacted for emergency calls during their meal breaks, which might go some way towards helping to resolve the concerns but does not provide any certainty while resting only on the goodwill and agreement of ambulance personnel. This proposal for response to emergency calls during meal breaks would also not address the risk of delayed response times when the single Berwick ambulance crew after 10.00 p.m. is called upon for duties out of the area. ”

    Source location

    Kyle William Lowes · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review Alnwick and Berwick services with providers to align capacity and use healthcare professionals appropriately.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “With the aim of addressing overall capacity, and to join up services, the CCG is working with NHCFT, NEAS, GP surgeries and community nursing services to review the services in Alnwick and Berwick to ensure all health care professionals are used appropriately. This means that providers share staff and their skills to treat patients most effectively and efficiently. This includes an agreement between NEAS and Northumberland CCG that, where needed, in order to fill significant gaps in service provision or to attend to life-threatening emergencies when there is no closer paramedic vehicle, community paramedics will be moved out of their designated area in order to assist. This will be on an exceptional basis, and the community paramedics will remain based within their local rural areas.”

    Source location

    2016-0307-Response-by-Northumberland-Clinical-Commissioning-Group
    Page 3 · response
    Published 26 August 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Agree exceptional redeployment of community paramedics to fill significant service gaps or respond to life-threatening emergencies.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “With the aim of addressing overall capacity, and to join up services, the CCG is working with NHCFT, NEAS, GP surgeries and community nursing services to review the services in Alnwick and Berwick to ensure all health care professionals are used appropriately. This means that providers share staff and their skills to treat patients most effectively and efficiently. This includes an agreement between NEAS and Northumberland CCG that, where needed, in order to fill significant gaps in service provision or to attend to life-threatening emergencies when there is no closer paramedic vehicle, community paramedics will be moved out of their designated area in order to assist. This will be on an exceptional basis, and the community paramedics will remain based within their local rural areas.”

    Source location

    2016-0307-Response-by-Northumberland-Clinical-Commissioning-Group
    Page 3 · response
    Published 26 August 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operational ambulance resource deployment is NEAS’s responsibility; commissioners set quality parameters but do not dictate those operational decisions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Through quality standards and continual performance management, commissioners work closely with NEAS to ensure the dynamic deployment of resources can be adapted to meet the changing demands on them as a service. We do not however dictate the operational decisions made as to the deployment of resources. Enabling NEAS the freedom to deploy resources across the county and the north east within the parameters of quality requirements ensures the provider, who is best placed to understand the demands, takes the most appropriate action when necessary. For example NEAS has stated that an additional rapid”

    Source location

    2016-0307-Response-by-Northumberland-Clinical-Commissioning-Group
    Page 1 · response
    Published 26 August 2016

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026