Recurring concern

Unreliable recording of fluid balance information

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First reported 6 Nov 2013•Latest report 22 Dec 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of the dedicated fluid-balance recording process, including records of intravenous fluids, fluid intake and output, and food or fluid offers and consumption, where the recording deficiency impairs reliable assessment of fluid status.

Not included

  • Excludes failures to administer prescribed fluids when the recording process itself is not deficient.
  • Excludes general poor maintenance of clinical or nursing records unrelated to fluid balance.
  • Excludes failures in fluid-balance assessment, escalation or treatment decisions unless they also involve unreliable fluid-balance recording.
Reports
46

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
50

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2013–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
87

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care6
University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust4
Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust3
Care Quality Commission3
NHS England3
Ashford and St Peter'S Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust2
General Medical Council2
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust2
Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust2
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists2
Stockport NHS Foundation Trust2
Academy of Medical Royal Colleges1
Amberley Hall Care Home1
Athena Care Homes (UK) Limited1
Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Mrs. Evelyn KENNEDY · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mrs. Evelyn KENNEDY was an 89-year-old woman who died in hospital on 29 October 2014 after admission following recurrent falls. The inquest concluded that she died of hospital-acquired pneumonia and that her death was probably accelerated by a short time because of the effects of her five-day admission to the Acute Medical Unit. Concerns included incomplete handover and poor personal care, missing identification and risk bands, inadequate monitoring and documentation, missed medication and nutritional support, and failures to escalate clinical deterioration.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to record fluid intake and output

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Once again my concerns involve the Acute Medical Unit (AMU). (2) Mrs. KENNEDY was transferred from AMU in a chair, not a trolley. (3) Handover was incomplete and unhelpful. (4) She arrived unkempt. (5) She had porridge leaking from her mouth; it took 20 mouth sponges to give her adequate mouth care. (6) She felt cold and said she was cold. (7) She had been incontinent of faeces and had not been cleaned for some time. (8) She had no name wrist band. (9) In spite of known allergies she had no allergy wrist band. (10) In spite of falling regularly she had no falls risk wrist band. (11) She still had an IV cannula in place; this should have been removed after 72 hours. (12) Her daily catheter care bundle had not been completed for 3 days. (13) She had no fluid charts for 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th or 20th. (14) Care plans were not completed for 17th, 18th, 19th or 20th. (15) Repositioning charts were incomplete or poor for 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th. (16) The handling assessment was not completed for 16th, 18th, 19th or 20th. (17) No food chart was completed for her entire time in AMU. (18) She had pressure damage to her hips and bottom. (19) No daily oral assessment was completed for her entire time on AMU. (20) She was not weighed. (21) The malnutrition tool was not completed. (22) Her bowel movements were not recorded. (24) NEWS scores of 4 to 9 had not been escalated to doctors nor filled in on her drug chart. PLUS (25) No personal care over the weekend of 18th and 19th. (26) No senior review over that weekend. (27) Not written up for her Sertraline, therefore not given (28) Not written up for any food supplements until 21st October. (29) She should have been specialled, but wasn’t. Once again AMU has been found to be chaotic and not fit for purpose. ”

    Source location

    Mrs. Evelyn KENNEDY · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Monitor documentation more closely and provide nurses with real-time feedback.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Changes, introduced mainly before the inquest into Mrs Kennedy’s sad death as part of the ongoing programme of improvements, include:”

    Source location

    2015-0178-Response-by-Brighton-and-Sussex-University-Hospitals-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 May 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review and condense Acute Medical Unit documentation into multidisciplinary paperwork that directs care and reduces duplication.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Extensive and complex work is also being undertaken to”

    Source location

    2015-0178-Response-by-Brighton-and-Sussex-University-Hospitals-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 May 2015

    Open published response
  2. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Susanna Geraty · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Susanna Geraty, a previously fit and well 75-year-old woman, died after developing acute renal failure and hyperkalaemic cardiac arrest five days after surgery for a fractured tibia and fibula. The principal concerns were inadequate assessment, monitoring and recording of postoperative fluid balance, failure to respond promptly to family concerns or recognise her deteriorating condition, and an investigation report’s failure to consider dehydration as a possible cause of the acute renal failure.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inadequacy of fluid balance charts

    Wider context from the report

    “3. Inadequate fluid balance charts ”

    Source location

    Susanna Geraty · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to record post operative fluid balance

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Failure to assess, monitor and record post operative fluid balance. ”

    Source location

    Susanna Geraty · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement national-standard Early Warning Score paperwork and provide recurring staff training on deterioration recognition and fluid-balance monitoring.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since this incident in 2012, SASH have implemented a number of improvements in the way that it records a patient’s fluid balance and in the way that it trains nursing staff with regards to recognising and acting on the identification of an acutely unwell patient and on monitoring post-operative fluid balance.”

    Source location

    2015-0026-Response-by-Surrey-Sussex-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 27 January 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide Sepsis, Acute Kidney Injury and fluid-balance monitoring study days for ward nurses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The CCOT have also started to provide a Sepsis/Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Fluid Balance Monitoring study day for ward nurses. The morning session consists of teaching sepsis theory followed by relevant case studies. The afternoon session concentrates on AKI theory and further case studies; the importance of fluid balance monitoring is also included in this session (appendix 3).”

    Source location

    2015-0026-Response-by-Surrey-Sussex-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 27 January 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver ward-based teaching on patient assessment, acute kidney injury and fluid balance, with further sessions planned during 2015.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Ward based teaching sessions have been held on Newdigate and Leigh wards in January 2015 by CCOT to educate the staff on patient assessment, AKI and fluid balance. These sessions were well received and more sessions are planned for staff during the year.”

    Source location

    2015-0026-Response-by-Surrey-Sussex-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 27 January 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Restart ALERT courses covering deterioration recognition, acute kidney injury and fluid-balance charts.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “ALERT™ courses (a multi-professional course to train staff in recognising patient deterioration and act appropriately in treating the acutely unwell) started again within the Trust last year, which includes a section on AKI and fluid balance charts. BEACH (Bedside emergency assessment course for health care staff) courses will start in April 2015, which will also stress the importance of fluid balance monitoring.”

    Source location

    2015-0026-Response-by-Surrey-Sussex-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 27 January 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct a Trust-wide audit of fluid-balance chart completion during 2015.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There is a Trust wide audit planned for 2015, to assess the completion of the fluid balance chart to monitor compliance.”

    Source location

    2015-0026-Response-by-Surrey-Sussex-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 27 January 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Start BEACH courses in April 2015, including fluid-balance monitoring training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “ALERT™ courses (a multi-professional course to train staff in recognising patient deterioration and act appropriately in treating the acutely unwell) started again within the Trust last year, which includes a section on AKI and fluid balance charts. BEACH (Bedside emergency assessment course for health care staff) courses will start in April 2015, which will also stress the importance of fluid balance monitoring.”

    Source location

    2015-0026-Response-by-Surrey-Sussex-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 27 January 2015

    Open published response
  3. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Gary Bradshaw · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Gary Bradshaw attended hospital with groin pain and kidney stones, later developed hyperparathyroidism and died during a hospital admission. The report identified concerns including delays and errors in diagnosis and testing, prescribing bendroflumethiazide before blood-test results, discharge before full investigation, inadequate escalation and fluid monitoring, and incomplete clinical records.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to keep fluid balance charts properly

    Wider context from the report

    “7. Fluid balance charts were not kept, or not kept properly, on various occasions during the in-patient stays (Stockport NHS Trust) ”

    Source location

    Gary Bradshaw · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve fluid-balance documentation through contemporaneous recording, two-hourly chart review during intentional rounding, and checks before shift handover.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. Fluid balance charts were not kept, or kept properly on various occasions during the in-patient stays. A conversation has been held with the ward manager of A11 with regard to the poor documentation on the fluid balance charts. The ward manager has reiterated with her staff the importance of contemporaneous record keeping and the importance of documenting each event as it happens, i.e. each time a patient has completed / consumed a drink, IV fluids are completed or changed or a patient has passed urine.”

    Source location

    2014-0232-Response-2
    Page 3 · response
    Published 15 May 2014

    Open published response
  4. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Afifa Qaisar · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Afifa Qaisar was admitted to Tameside General Hospital on 23 June 2013 with collapse and confusion, initially diagnosed as meningitis with sepsis, and died at 20.30 hours the same day. Concerns included uncertainty about whether drugs recorded as given had actually been administered, unavailability of required resuscitation equipment, failure to notify the RMO, delays in platelet and Hb support, an inappropriate response to an apparently non-running saline infusion, and failure to commence fluid balance monitoring or catheterisation.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to commence fluid balance charts for patients receiving intravenous fluids

    Wider context from the report

    “6. Despite the fact that this patient was receiving (apparently) i.v. fluids, at no time was a fluid balance chart commenced nor was the patient catheterised. The Ward manager agreed that both of these failings were unacceptable. ”

    Source location

    Afifa Qaisar · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  5. Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Herta Edith Maria WOODS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Herta Edith Maria WOODS, a 94-year-old woman living alone with carer support, was found after falls at home and admitted to hospital with injuries, dehydration, rhabdomyolysis and renal impairment. She was found deceased in her hospital bed early on 8 August 2013 after being overloaded with fluid. The principal concerns included apparent abandonment in the Acute Medical Unit, inadequate documentation and fluid monitoring, failure to act on the NEWS score, failure to obtain timely senior review, and failure to replace an inappropriate cannula.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to record fluid charts correctly

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) The failure to seek an early Senior Review for the failure to record the Fluid Chart correctly - this is important because it was fluid overload that was the immediate cause of Mrs. Wood's death. ”

    Source location

    Herta Edith Maria WOODS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  6. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    William Joseph Wilkinson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    William Joseph Wilkinson slipped on the pavement while shopping on or about 9 December 2012, fractured his ankle, was admitted to hospital, and later died after complications. Concerns included the availability of ordered one-to-one nursing, difficulties logging onto the hospital computer system, an incomplete Fluid Balance Chart, and the lack of direct orthopaedic input in the Emergency Department.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain a complete Fluid Balance Chart

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) A Fluid Balance Chart was ordered to be kept and it was accepted that this was not done and an incomplete Fluid Balance Chart resulted. ”

    Source location

    William Joseph Wilkinson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026