Recurring concern

Failure to dispatch emergency responders promptly to serious incidents

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First reported 29 Jul 2014•Latest report 1 Feb 2024

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in the dedicated emergency-dispatch process to recognise serious incidents, dispatch appropriate responders promptly, and avoid avoidable delay while responsibility, location or further clinical information is being established.

Not included

  • Excludes delays in ambulance attendance, travel, hospital handover or treatment after appropriate emergency responders have been dispatched.
  • Excludes generic emergency-call handling, triage or communication failures where dispatch timing is not the unsafe condition.
  • Excludes routine or non-urgent incidents where no need for prompt emergency dispatch is identified.
  • Excludes general staffing, resource or cross-agency coordination deficiencies unless they directly cause delayed dispatch of emergency responders.
Reports
8

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
8

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2024

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
13

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care2
East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust2
NHS England2
Derbyshire Constabulary1
East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust1
Environment Agency1
Greater Manchester Police1
North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust1
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust1
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Bedfordshire and Luton

    AI-generated summary

    Lucas Tyler Pollard · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Lucas Tyler Pollard, aged 14, died after sustaining catastrophic injuries in a collision while riding an electric moped on 1 June 2023. Concerns included the failure to dispatch a Critical Care Team promptly, the cancellation of a rapid response vehicle three minutes from the scene under the End of Shift Policy, and the absence of dynamic reassessment despite evidence of his deterioration. The report also raised concern that applying the policy in this way could threaten a patient's life in future situations.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to dispatch a Critical Care Team immediately in serious incidents

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) That a Critical Care Team was not dispatched immediately given the serious nature of the call and the likely lack of clinical information for some considerable time ie waiting for the land ambulance, known to be more than 20 minutes away, to arrive and assess. ”

    Source location

    Lucas Tyler Pollard · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Integrate the Critical Care desk function into all three control rooms to improve identification, monitoring and reassessment of enhanced-care needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The integration of the Critical Care desk function from a two-person team into all three control rooms will significantly enhance EEAST’s ability to identify, continually monitor and reassess need for enhanced care. We will also share a case study of our attendance to Lucas with the Critical Care Desk clinicians for awareness.”

    Source location

    Response from East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 12 February 2024

    Open published response
  2. Liverpool and the Wirral

    AI-generated summary

    James CAMPION · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    James Campion, aged 57, died after consuming mirtazapine and alcohol following contact with the Psychiatric Crisis Team about taking an overdose. An ambulance was not allocated until six hours after the initial call, and he was found deceased at home when the crew arrived. The principal concerns were delays in mental health assessment, call triage and ambulance dispatch, alongside inadequate family contact information and limited family involvement.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in ambulance dispatch

    Wider context from the report

    “The delay in triaging the call made by Mr Campion threatening to take an overdose resulted in him taking the overdose. The delay in the ambulance dispatch prevented Mr Campion receiving medical treatment and further psychiatric assistance. The outcome for Mr Campion has been adversely impacted due to the demand on the ambulance service . At the time of the 999 call on 21st July 2022 NWAS were operating at Level 4 of the Plan (PSP) experiencing high demand, acute pressures and high numbers of waiting calls. The options for the emergency services were extremely limited and an ambulance was deployed at the earliest opportunity. Consideration be given to how to support the Ambulance and Mental Health Services in fulfilling the NHS long-term plan for Mental Health, in particular Mental Health Practitioners in Ambulance control rooms. ”

    Source location

    James CAMPION · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish a delivery plan to recover urgent and emergency care services and improve waiting times.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Department recognises the significant pressure the urgent and emergency care system is facing. That is why we published our Delivery plan for recovering urgent and emergency care services, which aims to deliver sustained improvements in waiting times. Our ambitions for this year are to improve A&E waiting times to 78% of patients to be admitted, transferred, or discharged from A&E within four hours by March 2025, and to reduce Category 2 ambulance response times to 30 minutes on average across this fiscal year. The plan is available at: www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/B2034-delivery-plan-for-recovering-urgent-and-emergency-care-services.pdf”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 28 December 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Maintain additional ambulance capacity funded to expand availability and improve response times.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Your report highlights that North West Ambulance Service (NWAS) was under high demand at the time of the incident. A primary aim of our delivery plan is to boost ambulance capacity. Ambulance services received £200 million of additional funding in 2023/24 to expand capacity and improve response times, and we are maintaining this additional capacity in 2024/25. This is alongside the delivery of new ambulances and specialist mental health vehicles. With more ambulances on the road, patients will receive the treatment they need more swiftly.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 28 December 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver new ambulances and specialist mental health vehicles.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Your report highlights that North West Ambulance Service (NWAS) was under high demand at the time of the incident. A primary aim of our delivery plan is to boost ambulance capacity. Ambulance services received £200 million of additional funding in 2023/24 to expand capacity and improve response times, and we are maintaining this additional capacity in 2024/25. This is alongside the delivery of new ambulances and specialist mental health vehicles. With more ambulances on the road, patients will receive the treatment they need more swiftly.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 28 December 2023

    Open published response
  3. Manchester West

    AI-generated summary

    Christopher John Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Christopher John Smith died instantaneously after jumping from Barton Bridge on 15 July 2015. The principal concern was a 12-minute delay in contacting the ambulance service, caused by a communication breakdown about which service was responsible for making the call, although this did not affect the outcome in this case.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to immediately establish responsibility for calling an ambulance

    Wider context from the report

    “1) It was clear from the evidence that there was a 12 minute delay in the police contacting the ambulance – the police were notified of the incident but did not contact North West Ambulance Service immediately. 2) In the circumstances of this Inquest I was satisfied that this delay had not had any relevance with regards to Christopher Smith’s death, given that the pathologist had concluded that his death was instantaneous. Any delay in the ambulance arriving was therefore not going to save his life. 3) However, it is perfectly possible to foresee circumstances where a delay in calling for an ambulance may have an effect on the outcome, where someone has jumped or fallen from a lesser distance. 4) I was told that the 12 minute delay was due to a breakdown in communication between Greater Manchester Police control room and the Motorway Control – Greater Manchester Police thought that the Motorway Control were contacting the ambulance and vice versa. 5) It seems to me that procedure should be in place whereby it is immediately established who is going to be responsible for calling the ambulance to avoid any delays, and the ambulance is called for at once. ”

    Source location

    Christopher John Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  4. Central Lincolnshire

    AI-generated summary

    Stuart Knight · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Stuart Knight was found unconscious in a road in Wainfleet after apparently falling backwards and hitting his head. There were delays in the arrival of ambulance services, including 1 hour and 24 minutes between the first call and the arrival of the double-crewed ambulance; the report identified these delays as significant and unacceptable. Mr Knight was taken to hospital and died later that day, following a head injury with haemorrhage and skull fracture, with alcohol excess also recorded as a medical cause.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in dispatching ambulances to patients

    Wider context from the report

    “(I) Significant and unacceptable delays occurred in dispatching an ambulance to a patient who was unconscious and had clearly suffered a serious head injury. Such delay is potentially highly prejudicial to those who rely upon the services provided by EMAS. ”

    Source location

    Stuart Knight · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Increase frontline and emergency operations centre staffing, including flexible relief capacity for predicted demand.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “East Midlands Ambulance Service has made significant investment in both staff and vehicle resources since 2014 in both “frontline” staff who attend 999 calls but also in staffing within the emergency operations centre.”

    Source location

    2015-0385-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 September 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Increase the available vehicle fleet to deploy more ambulance resources concurrently.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition we have invested in our fleet provision to increase the number of vehicles we have available allowing the trust to deploy more resources at any one time.”

    Source location

    2015-0385-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 September 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce Paramedic Pathfinder and train frontline staff to use it for pre-hospital assessment and appropriate referral.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have supported our frontline staff with the introduction of Paramedic Pathfinder (PP). PP is a pre hospital assessment guide based around the widely used NEWS (National early warning system) designed to assist crews to identify patients that are suitable for onward referral as opposed to transport to the emergency department. Typically when a patient is not conveyed from their home address (See and Treat), the job cycle time (total time the ambulance is dealing with that particular call and is therefore unavailable) is reduced. Starting in April 2014, by October 2015 94% of staff have completed the training.”

    Source location

    2015-0385-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 September 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop specialist pathfinder tools and referral services for specific conditions through CQUIN-funded project work.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “For the longer term this translates into a project based on Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) money to develop specialist pathfinder tools for specific conditions ultimately to identify and”

    Source location

    2015-0385-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 September 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Expand the Clinical Assessment Team to provide continuous clinician-led telephone assessment and hear-and-treat support.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have invested significantly in the scope of our Clinical Assessment Team (CAT) based in the emergency operations centre. The CAT team are a group of clinicians, qualified Paramedics and Nurses, who work within the EOC on a 24 hour a day 7 day per week rota. They work providing support and telephone assessment to 999 calls received by the trust. The result of the telephone assessment can, in some serious cases, ensure that a call is dealt with as a higher priority due to clinical need or, in other cases, result in the call being dealt with to a conclusion by the CAT clinician. This is termed as “hear and treat”. In dealing with calls in this manner this ensures that frontline resources are not sent if not required therefore making them available to mobilise to patients with more serious clinical need that require immediate treatment or transport.”

    Source location

    2015-0385-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 September 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate a dynamically deployable single Ambulance Technician vehicle in Skegness and Boston for suitable calls, supported by Clinical Assessment Team referrals or discharge.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a local initiative between the Trust and the commissioning group in east Lincolnshire, a single Ambulance Technician vehicle is available to be deployed dynamically to calls where a traditional double crewed ambulance may not be required, for example a non-injury fall requiring assistance. Supported by the CAT team this resource can suitable respond to a call and through CAT refer or discharge at scene, again negating the need for an ambulance to be deployed. The scheme covers both the Skegness and Boston areas and has run from April 2015 with the following attendances. On average this initiative allows around 40 calls per month to be appropriately and safely assisted, referred and discharged without the need for the attendance of an emergency ambulance.”

    Source location

    2015-0385-Response-by-East-Midlands-Ambulance-Service
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 September 2015

    Open published response
  5. Leicester City and South Leicestershire

    AI-generated summary

    George Boulton · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    George Boulton developed an intracerebral bleed at home on 12 February 2015 and died on 14 February 2015 at Leicester Royal Infirmary. The report identified delays in arranging emergency transfer and failures to communicate or recognise the need to withhold dalteparin, which materially contributed to the continuing bleed.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to arrange immediate emergency ambulance transfer for potential stroke symptoms

    Wider context from the report

    “1. It was recognised by all witnesses to the inquest that response to potential stroke symptoms should be on an emergency basis, in accordance with "FAST" criteria ie a timely response. The GP attempted to arrange admission but accepted delays via bed bureau rather than convert to a 999 call and obtain immediate ambulance transfer. ”

    Source location

    George Boulton · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Communicate emergency-response guidance to lead commissioners for dissemination to GPs and Bed Bureau services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As this implementation will take some considerable amount of time, as an immediate action we will communicate with our lead commissioners to disseminate the following message to all GP’s and Bed Bureau.”

    Source location

    2015-0255-Responses
    Page 2 · response
    Published 6 July 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Contact GP practices through membership organisations to reiterate that suspected strokes require an urgent 999 response.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Response to potential stroke symptoms should be on an emergency basis, in accordance with FAST criteria. The GP attempted to arrange admission but accepted delays via bed bureau rather than convert to a 999 call and obtain immediate ambulance transfer.”

    Source location

    2015-0255-Responses
    Page 6 · response
    Published 6 July 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The hospital has a system for identifying GP calls requiring emergency admission, with staff awareness and a flow-chart being added to support that process.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Our Head of Capacity and Flow, who manages the Bed Bureau, has identified the written entries that we hold concerning the telephone call received from the patient’s GP, and they indicate that at 15h14 a call was received from the GP who informed our Bed Bureau Call-Handler that she suspected that Mr Boulton was suffering from a stroke and that he was showing right-sided weakness. Our protocol for such patients is for our Bed Bureau staff to invite the GP to consider whether their patient ought properly to be admitted via ED and if so to remind the GP that Bed Bureau staff can only order ambulances on a non-emergency basis which can take up to two hours to arrive. This protocol appears to have been followed in this case.”

    Source location

    2015-0255-Responses
    Page 4 · response
    Published 6 July 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The referring GP remains responsible for identifying when emergency admission is required.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In our view it remains a matter for the GP to identify when emergency admission is required for their patient.”

    Source location

    2015-0255-Responses
    Page 5 · response
    Published 6 July 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Bed Bureau services are locally organised and guided by the referring GP’s opinion and requirements regarding emergency admission.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Bed Bureau Services are local and variable in their organisation; however such services are guided by the opinion and requirements of the referring GP. As stated above, NHS England proposes to engage with GPs through their membership organisations so that all suspected strokes receive a 999 response.”

    Source location

    2015-0255-Responses
    Page 7 · response
    Published 6 July 2015

    Open published response
  6. Inner South London

    AI-generated summary

    Michael George · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Michael George died after developing a life-threatening hyperglycaemic condition while receiving long-term Olanzapine treatment. The report identified concerns about inadequate monitoring for diabetes, delays and insufficient urgency in transfer to A&E, incomplete referral information, and gaps in the subsequent oversight and care arrangements for the physical health of mental health inpatients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure immediate ambulance transfer when abnormal blood results require urgent transfer

    Wider context from the report

    “(4) Whilst there had been individual learning and changes in training and note keeping and recording, it was unclear whether, in the absence of consultant physician advice, that the serious untoward incident investigation conclusion on urgent transfer would be heeded. It advised that there should have been immediate action to call an ambulance to effect transfer, despite lack of consent, when the blood results were known. ”

    Source location

    Michael George · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue collaboration with Kings College Hospital to improve access to medical care and support rapid access from the Maudsley site.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “6. We have linked with KCH to continue to improve access to care and demonstrated in a pilot study how this affects length of stay in the acute hospital – an indirect indicator of medical need. (Appendix III) I also attach the pathway for rapid access to medical care from the Maudsley site. (Appendix IV)”

    Source location

    2015-0264-Response-by-South-London-and-Maudsley-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 July 2015

    Open published response
  7. Staffordshire South

    AI-generated summary

    Kai Lambe · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kai Lambe, aged 9, drowned in the River Dove after going down a salmon chute and sinking under the water. The report raises concern about a five-minute delay between Derbyshire receiving the emergency call and Staffordshire’s log commencing, and whether control room operators should dispatch officers immediately in urgent incidents on or near the county border.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to dispatch Derbyshire officers immediately in urgent situations occurring on or close to the Staffordshire-Derbyshire border

    Wider context from the report

    “At the inquest I heard helpful evidence from Inspector ████████ from your force. The incident which led to death took place in the River Dove which borders Staffordshire and Derbyshire. Because of local masts the initial 999 call went to Derbyshire. Derbyshire determined that the incident was in Staffordshire (emulating from the Staffordshire side of the River) and transferred the emergency call to Staffordshire. Staffordshire Officers then responded. Inspector Abbot indicated that this was in accordance with protocol although protocol does not necessarily have to be followed. There was a difference of 5 minutes between the time that the call was received by Derbyshire and the Staffordshire log commencing. In a case of a drowning child, 5 minutes can be very significant. I wonder if there is a training need for control room operators in Derbyshire to be aware to dispatch immediately Derbyshire Officers in urgent situations occurring on or close to the border between the 2 counties. ”

    Source location

    Kai Lambe · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  8. County Durham and Darlington

    AI-generated summary

    Gary William Million · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Gary William Million telephoned 111 on 23 November 2013 but could not provide clear information about his location and then became silent. There was a prolonged delay in locating his address, including an incorrect address being given to the ambulance, and the crew attended the correct address at 01:10. The concerns included inadequate procedures and training for locating potentially seriously ill callers, communication issues with BT, weaknesses in the investigation and insufficiently robust follow-up procedures.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in referring cases and dispatching ambulances after failure to obtain caller location information

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Once the 111 operator had failed to obtain detailed information about the callers location, there was a delay of some minutes before referring the matter to the Ambulance Trust and for the dispatch of an ambulance. ”

    Source location

    Gary William Million · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026