Recurring concern

Unreliable welfare-check processes for people whose health is of concern

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First reported 28 May 2014•Latest report 10 Jun 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of welfare-check processes for people whose health or welfare is of concern, including unclear purpose, frequency or criteria, inconsistent understanding of what constitutes a check, inadequate recording requirements and related controls needed to ensure checks are meaningful and traceable.

Not included

  • Excludes routine patient observations, continuous observation, clinical monitoring and named mental-health observation systems unless the assertion specifically concerns a welfare-check process.
  • Excludes failures limited to conducting welfare checks for people in distress where the broader concern is completion of a distress check rather than the health-concern welfare-check process.
  • Excludes generic policy, training, documentation or staffing deficiencies unless they directly undermine the definition, delivery or recording of required welfare checks.
  • Excludes non-person checks, such as premises, equipment or prisoner-security checks, unless the assertion concerns a person's health or welfare.
Reports
28

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
34

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
54

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Ministry of Justice6
HM Prison and Probation Service3
Department of Health and Social Care2
Dorset Healthcare University NHS Foundation Trust2
Metropolitan Police Service2
NHS England2
Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust1
Cardiff & Vale University LHB1
Care Quality Commission1
Care UK1
College of Policing1
Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport1
Depaul UK1
Devon & Cornwall Police1
Exeter Prison1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. South Wales Central

    AI-generated summary

    Mr Richard Thomas Peter Barrett · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 20 April 2018, Mr Richard Thomas Peter Barrett took a large overdose of medication with alcohol, called 999 for help, and died before an ambulance reached his flat. Concerns included underestimated ambulance demand, delays in welfare checks and ambulance dispatch, unrealistic hospital turnaround targets, and the failure to ask police to conduct a welfare check.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to request police assistance for welfare checks when ambulance resources are constrained

    Wider context from the report

    “(4) The police could have been asked to perform a welfare check. Evidence showed that the Ambulance Trust is pessimistic in assuming that the police are also under-resourced and would not be able to assist in such a task. Here the police were not even asked if they could help. Had he been found earlier, whether by police or ambulance, there is a chance that the deceased may have been able to be given first aid and had a better chance of survival. ”

    Source location

    Mr Richard Thomas Peter Barrett · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Raise overdose welfare checks with police and seek a formal memorandum-of-understanding extension.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have a memorandum of understanding with the Police which does specify circumstances in which the Trust should contact the Police. Welfare checks are not included within that document. The Trust does meet with the Police as part of the joint emergency services network. The Trust will raise this issue with the Police at these joint meetings and seek an increase to the specific circumstances to include overdose cases. We will write to you further once that meeting has taken place and update in relation to the matter.”

    Source location

    2018-0249-Response-by-University-Health-Board
    Page 5 · response
    Published 24 September 2018

    Open published response
  2. Exeter and Greater Devon

    AI-generated summary

    Stephen Mark SHAYLOR · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Stephen Mark SHAYLOR was found hanging in his cell at HMP Exeter in the early hours of 1 January 2014 and was pronounced dead at 03:35. He was on a drug stabilisation regime and subject to healthcare night welfare checks. Concerns included the inadequacy of checks conducted through cell-door hatches, the absence of continuous CCTV monitoring, and the failure to carry out the 02:00 check.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inadequacy of healthcare night welfare checks for determining whether prisoners are breathing or alive

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) Professor Wall, substance misuse expert, said that the system for looking after these inmates was not fit for purpose and that healthcare night welfare checks (looking through a hatch in a cell door) were inadequate because it was not possible to ascertain if a prisoner was breathing/alive by this method. ”

    Source location

    Stephen Mark SHAYLOR · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct overnight welfare checks using daily printed checklists and review completed checks the following day.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Night welfare checks are carried out by Health Care Assistants (HCAs). At the start of the night shift, the nurse and HCA will print off the relevant welfare check list which will show all new additions made that day, as well as those prisoners who are already on the list. HCAs will then use that list and the printed template to assist them in conducting checks overnight. A copy of the template used was provided under cover of my first letter.”

    Source location

    2017-0380-Response-by-Care-UK
    Page 1 · response
    Published 12 February 2018

    Open published response
  3. Exeter and Great Devon District

    AI-generated summary

    Mark Craig BANKS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mark Craig Banks, a homeless man with long-term alcohol and mental health problems, died from exposure in an unmade tent near the Tarka Trail in bad weather in the early hours of 23 February 2015; alcohol was a factor. Concerns included failures to contact or correctly grade an ambulance call and insufficient efforts to search for and check on Mr Banks’ wellbeing.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient efforts to search and check upon a person's wellbeing when asked to attend the scene

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) RE: ████████ at Page 176 of the Independent Police Complaints Commission report – insufficient efforts to search and check upon Mr Banks’ wellbeing when asked to attend the scene. ”

    Source location

    Mark Craig BANKS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  4. Central and South East Kent

    AI-generated summary

    Julie Margaret Rose · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Julie Margaret Rose, who had long-standing depression, anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, was found dead at home on 26 April 2015 after unsuccessful attempts by mental health services to contact her and a delayed police welfare check. The concerns were that the Trust’s protocol was insufficiently clear about when a police welfare check was mandatory for high-risk patients, and that a shift co-ordinator was not familiar with the protocol despite it having been reinforced.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of clear mandatory criteria for requesting police welfare checks for patients rated 'Red'

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Although the Trust's 'Unable to Make Contact Protocol' ("the Protocol") has been reviewed since Miss Rose's death, I am concerned that it is insufficiently clear as to when Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team members should request a police welfare check in respect of patients who have been identified as 'Red' for the purposes of the Trust's R A G Rating System. In particular, I am concerned the Protocol does not specifically stipulate circumstances where a request for a welfare check is mandatory (for example, after a certain period of time has elapsed since contact was last made, and / or after a certain number of attempts at contact and / or after attempts at telephone contact and a home visit have both been unsuccessful); (2) In the course of the hearing, I heard evidence that the Protocol has been 'reinforced' across the Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team. Notwithstanding this, a shift co-ordinator who gave evidence was clearly not conversant with the Protocol, raising questions as to the adequacy of the steps taken by the Trust to date in this respect. ”

    Source location

    Julie Margaret Rose · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  5. Exeter and Greater Devon

    AI-generated summary

    Carl David Roy SMITH · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Carl David Roy SMITH was found unconscious and without signs of life in his cell at HMP Exeter on 22 November 2012, after being held on remand and receiving medication for seizures and detoxification. His death was concluded to be drug-related, involving methadone toxicity and illicitly obtained methadone. The report identified insufficient custodial and welfare checks and deficient information sharing about those checks for a prisoner on an ACCT and Methadone Stabilisation Programme.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient custodial and welfare checks for prisoners on an ACCT and Methadone Stabilisation Programme

    Wider context from the report

    “The quality of custodial and welfare checks were insufficient for a prisoner on an ACCT and Methadone Stabilisation Programme and information sharing in relation to the checks made, appeared to be deficient. ”

    Source location

    Carl David Roy SMITH · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review patients on drug treatment programmes jointly with prison staff, agree observation arrangements, and share caseload information.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5.5. Concern 1 - To review the systems for Information Sharing reference those on drug treatments stabilisation programmes for Substance Misuse IDTS with Prison Officers so that all Prison Officers are aware of Prisoners concerned.”

    Source location

    2015-0298-Response-by-Dorset-Health-Care-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 24 July 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce a robust system for monitoring patients arriving at HMP Exeter who require night welfare checks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “6.1. In addition to the Coroners Ruling noted in this report the Trust has introduced a robust system for the monitoring of patients arriving at HMP Exeter and requiring Night Welfare Checks (see appendix 5). This guidance was developed jointly with Public Health England (NTA), HMP Exeter National Offender Management Service and will be approved by NHS England at the Devon Prison Partnership Board in October 2015.”

    Source location

    2015-0298-Response-by-Dorset-Health-Care-NHS-Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 24 July 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The action plan addressed identified care issues, with ongoing compliance audit and executive review providing sufficient assurance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5.1. The Trust recognises that there were failings in relation to Mr Smith’s care, and agrees with both the PPO and HM Coroners view that these issues are of concern. In order to ensure that these issues do not reoccur within the Trust services, an action plan was put into place at the time of receipt of the PPO report into Mr Smith’s death, as the Trust was not the provider at the time of Mr Smith’s death. This action plan assured the Trust that actions taken by the provider at the time of Mr Smith’s death addressed the issues outlined.”

    Source location

    2015-0298-Response-by-Dorset-Health-Care-NHS-Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 24 July 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    NOMS at HMP Exeter is responsible for training and auditing operation of the ACCT document system.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5.7. Concern 3- To review training and audit the operation of the ACCT document system so that it is made as robust as possible.”

    Source location

    2015-0298-Response-by-Dorset-Health-Care-NHS-Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 24 July 2015

    Open published response
  6. South London

    AI-generated summary

    Anne Wilson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Anne Wilson had a history of depression, had recently been discharged from psychiatric hospital, and was found deceased in her flat after failing to attend appointments and following concerns raised to the police. The principal concerns were the downgrading of the welfare-check request without informing her GP, inadequate training and guidance under the Metropolitan Police Service welfare-check policy, and failures in communication and joint working between the Metropolitan Police Service and London Ambulance Service.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of guidance on managing welfare checks concerning an individual’s mental health

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) MPS staff responsible for dealing with requests for welfare checks were not given training in the new policy and the power-point guidance circulated did not contain: (a) A checklist or examples of questions that should be asked to elicit sufficient information about the concern being raised (b) an example of how to manage a request for a welfare check concerning the mental health of an individual (c) how to manage additional information received once a welfare check request had been closed. (d) The importance of updating those involved in the change in actions being taken by the MPS ”

    Source location

    Anne Wilson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. Rutland and North Leicestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Jason Edward Lawson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jason Edward Lawson, who had epilepsy and schizophrenia, was found dead in his prison cell at HMP Stocken on 17 March 2013; the time of death was uncertain but likely late on 16 March or early on 17 March. Concerns included welfare checks that did not establish that he had died, systems that did not reliably identify medication non-attendance or lapsed prescriptions, access delays to healthcare, and the absence of a specific policy for 24-hour medical observation where constant medical supervision was unavailable.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of welfare checks to ascertain death

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The welfare check did not ascertain that he had died. He was certainly dead at the time of the check at 7.30am and 8.20am on the 17th March. ”

    Source location

    Jason Edward Lawson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  8. Leicester City and South Leicestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Laura Page · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Laura Page experienced social stresses, sought medical support, and later took overdoses requiring psychiatric care. She died on 4 December 2012 after taking a substantial overdose. Concerns included failed community-team home visits, inadequate escalation and welfare-check thresholds, incomplete discharge arrangements, and poor inter-agency communication.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain an appropriate threshold for requesting welfare checks

    Wider context from the report

    “Ms Page was her GP for the crisis team, who carried out an initial assessment and agreed daily home visits. On 3 separate occasions, different clinicians attended the home address but could not gain access, could not leave a note and did not attempt to contact the client as they had no telephone contact details. These failed visits were not brought to the attention of the shift supervisor that day or the Consultant team meeting the following morning. (1) The clinician response to failed visits is not robust. Further practical efforts could be considered, including door access keys where appropriate. (2) The escalation policy should be reviewed to consider specific time targets for action. (3) The threshold for requesting a welfare check should be reconsidered. (4) An analysis of failed visits and untoward outcomes across the service could be maintained and audited to ensure lessons are learnt and best practice shared. ”

    Source location

    Laura Page · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reconsider and clarify the threshold for requesting welfare checks in the failed-visit flowchart.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “(3) The threshold for requesting a welfare check should be reconsidered.”

    Source location

    2014-0254-Response
    Page 2 · response
    Published 28 May 2014

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026