Recurring concern

Failure to provide smoke alarms in occupied accommodation

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First reported 17 Jan 2014•Latest report 19 Feb 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures to require, provide or maintain smoke alarms in occupied accommodation, including residential properties and boats used as accommodation or living spaces, where the absence or inadequacy of the alarm is the asserted safety deficiency.

Not included

  • Excludes smoke-alarm interlinking, transmission to emergency control rooms or communal areas where the alarm itself is provided but the signalling system is deficient.
  • Excludes periodic testing, replacement or maintenance failures where the issue is not the basic provision or availability of a smoke alarm.
  • Excludes fire-risk assessment, evacuation, sprinkler and broader fire-safety deficiencies where smoke-alarm provision is not the material unsafe condition.
  • Excludes hire-boat-specific, landlord-specific or other regulatory requirements where no failure to provide a smoke alarm is asserted.
Reports
4

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
4

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
14

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Caravan and Motorhome Club1
Leeds City Council1
London Borough of Hackney1
Luton Community Housing Limited1
Surrey Fire and Rescue Service1
The Showmen's Guild of Great Britain1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Bedfordshire and Luton

    AI-generated summary

    Jacqueline JOSEPH · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jacqueline JOSEPH, who had limited mobility and care and support needs, was found deceased on 15 June 2025 after sustaining flame and heat while seated in an armchair at home. The inquest evidence identified two incorrectly installed battery-operated smoke alarms at the housing association property.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Incorrect installation of battery-operated smoke alarms

    Wider context from the report

    “The premises is a housing association property and Squared (Luton Community Housing Ltd) is the organisation responsible for this property and various other housing association properties and the evidence heard at the inquest was that the premises had two incorrectly installed battery-operated smoke alarms. ”

    Source location

    Jacqueline JOSEPH · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete a comprehensive smoke and carbon monoxide alarm audit across all let homes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “For the maximum avoidance of any doubt, a comprehensive smoke and CO alarm audit has been completed across all homes let by Squared (whether we own the freehold or not) to confirm that all devices are fitted in accordance with Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm (Amendment) Regulations 2022 and are in good working order. All issues identified are being surveyed and any confirmed failures are being remedied without delay through emergency repairs. | Audit completed Surveys in progress with target completion date of 30th May 2026”

    Source location

    2026-0102 - Response from Squared
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Survey identified alarm issues and remedy confirmed failures through emergency repairs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “For the maximum avoidance of any doubt, a comprehensive smoke and CO alarm audit has been completed across all homes let by Squared (whether we own the freehold or not) to confirm that all devices are fitted in accordance with Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm (Amendment) Regulations 2022 and are in good working order. All issues identified are being surveyed and any confirmed failures are being remedied without delay through emergency repairs. | Audit completed Surveys in progress with target completion date of 30th May 2026”

    Source location

    2026-0102 - Response from Squared
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Survey leased properties to verify alarm compliance and replace alarms approaching the end of their service life.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “For properties where we do not hold the freehold (leased properties), we will undertake surveys to ensure that all alarms are compliant and are replaced as they approach the end of their service life. | Start date 20th April 2026 Target completion date 29th May 2026”

    Source location

    2026-0102 - Response from Squared
    Page 4 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response
  2. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Sadie PETERS and 2 others · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 30 December 2014, a fire in a permanent mobile home caused the deaths of Sadie Peters and her two sons, Joseph and George. The fire was most likely caused by a solid fuel burner, and no smoke detector was fitted inside the caravan. The substantive concern was raising awareness among people living in mobile and static caravans about fitting and maintaining functioning smoke detectors.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to fit and maintain fully functioning smoke detectors inside caravans

    Wider context from the report

    “Fitting of Smoke Detectors in all Mobile and Static Caravans 1. Consideration should be given to maintaining or developing any existing programmes and, where appropriate, creating new programmes which are designed to raise awareness amongst people using or living in caravans, whether mobile or permanent, of the importance of fitting and maintaining a fully functioning smoke detector inside the caravan. ”

    Source location

    Sadie PETERS and 2 others · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Fit free smoke alarms and, where required, carbon monoxide alarms at identified caravan sites.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As you are aware following this and other incidents on static mobile home sites in Surrey, SFRS working with the Showmen’s Guild of Great Britain, private site owners and local authorities landlords of council controlled site have visited all identified sites in Surrey offering and conducting community fire safety visits and fitting 1000s of free smoke alarms and where required carbon monoxide alarms.”

    Source location

    2016-0219-Response-by-Surrey-Fire-and-Rescue-Service
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 May 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work with agencies and site owners to deliver a continuous smoke-alarm awareness message to caravan residents by October 2016.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are now planning to continue to raise and increase awareness of the importance of fitting and maintaining smoke alarms by working with the relevant agency and site owners to have a continuous message to those using or living in mobile or permanent caravans. It is planned that this will be in place by October 2016, but it should also be recognised that this also part of normal community safety work of raising the public awareness to a range of safety issues.”

    Source location

    2016-0219-Response-by-Surrey-Fire-and-Rescue-Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 May 2016

    Open published response
  3. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    William THOMPSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    William Thompson died in a fire at his supported-housing home after discarded cigarette ignited his bedding, and he was killed by smoke inhalation. Although smoke and heat detectors were installed in the hall and kitchen, there was no smoke detection system in his bedroom. The report raised concern that his social workers had not considered bedroom smoke detection despite his significantly raised fire risk from smoking, drinking and immobility.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a smoke detection system in the bedroom

    Wider context from the report

    “The evidence I heard at inquest was that, whilst smoke and heat detectors were installed in Mr Thompson’s hall and kitchen, there was no smoke detection system in his bedroom. He was known to be at significantly raised fire risk because of his smoking, drinking and immobility (he used a Zimmer frame). London Fire Brigade had been called to his home more than once in the past. However, his social workers never addressed their minds to the question of whether there was a smoke detector in his bedroom and, if not, whether that might be useful. This seems to be an area that would benefit from exploration for particularly high risk service users. ”

    Source location

    William THOMPSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  4. West Yorkshire Eastern

    AI-generated summary

    Julie Ann Camm · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Julie Ann Camm, aged 49, was found dead at her home after deliberately starting a fire and sustaining multiple deep incised wounds. The principal concern was that the property had no smoke detectors, despite her vulnerability as a tenant; the report stated that a detector might have alerted others in time for her to be rescued.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure smoke detectors are fitted in housing properties

    Wider context from the report

    “The Fire Service Report revealed that there were no smoke alarms fitted to the property. This property was originally in the ownership of a Housing Association and it was established that there had been a partial re-wire, kitchen sockets only in 2008. Had it been due for a full re-wire then hard-wired smoke detectors would have been installed. The Housing Association’s procedure at the time was to encourage their tenants to refer to the West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service to have a home fire safety check, but this was not in place when Miss Camm took out this tenancy. I am aware that the Fire Service provide fire safety advice to all members of the community and will provide and fix smoke detectors free of charge where necessary. A considerable amount of work has been carried out to forge links with other agencies and provide them with education in risk identification with regard to fire safety. The Fire and Rescue Service would encourage individuals or agencies to refer any member of the community to them, particularly those most vulnerable in the first instance through their local Fire Service. This property is now within the ownership of Leeds City council. Originally it was owned by a Housing Association - Leeds West North Homes. The Council took over on 1 October 2013. It is a matter of grave concern to me that there were no smoke detectors in the property, notwithstanding the vulnerability of Miss Camm as a tenant. I, therefore, recommend that the owner of this property inspect all their housing stock and arrange for either hard-wired detectors to be fitted at the earliest opportunity. Until this can be achieved I further recommend that the landlord contact the West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service for home assessment teams to carry out the necessary assessment and, where appropriate, fit battery operated smoke detectors until such time as permanent hard-wired detectors can be installed. Had a smoke detector been in place, it is likely that neighbours and members of the public in the vicinity would have been alerted to the fire in sufficient time for Miss Camm to be rescued and her death could have been avoided. ”

    Source location

    Julie Ann Camm · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Install hard-wired smoke detection in approximately 1,200 properties subject to fire-risk assessment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Over the forthcoming 18 month period, hard-wired smoke detection equipment will be installed to all properties subject to a fire risk assessment. Detection will be installed in high & low rise properties and will consist of a mains powered optical smoke alarm with rechargeable lithium cells in the hallway and powered heat alarm with rechargeable lithium cells in the kitchen. This equates to some 1200 properties in the Housing Leeds region with a programme value of c.£200k. 4300 dwellings in Sheltered Housing Complexes and Sheltered Housing Dispersed Schemes citywide are also to receive smoke detection equipment via the CareRing system in FY2014/15 in £1.3m project.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Install smoke detection through the CareRing system in 4,300 sheltered-housing dwellings during FY2014/15.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Over the forthcoming 18 month period, hard-wired smoke detection equipment will be installed to all properties subject to a fire risk assessment. Detection will be installed in high & low rise properties and will consist of a mains powered optical smoke alarm with rechargeable lithium cells in the hallway and powered heat alarm with rechargeable lithium cells in the kitchen. This equates to some 1200 properties in the Housing Leeds region with a programme value of c.£200k. 4300 dwellings in Sheltered Housing Complexes and Sheltered Housing Dispersed Schemes citywide are also to receive smoke detection equipment via the CareRing system in FY2014/15 in £1.3m project.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Rewire approximately 1,100 properties during FY2014/15, including hard-wired smoke detection in each property.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Additionally, £2.55m has been allocated to full re-wire of dwellings in the Housing Leeds for FY 2014/15. This equates to the re-wiring of around 1100 properties and will include the installation of hard-wired smoke detection equipment in all cases. Additional funding programmes of this nature are also secured for the other regions of Housing Leeds.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Identify approximately 40 properties for the ring-fenced March–April 2014 rewiring programme, which will include hard-wired smoke detection.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Furthermore, an additional £100k of funding has been ring-fenced for full rewires between March 2014 and April 2014. Housing Leeds is currently identifying which properties will benefit from this programme, anticipated to be in the region of 40 properties. Again, this work will include the installation of hard wired smoke detection equipment in all cases.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Install battery smoke detection in remaining properties without detection over the next 12 months, using a targeted plan developed with West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Of the remaining properties with no smoke detection equipment, Housing Leeds plan to install, as a minimum, battery detection equipment over the next 12 month period. This will be done in consultation with West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Service to produce an efficient, coherent and targeted plan.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review and update the Electrical Specification to require hard-wired smoke detection when major electrical works are completed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Electrical Specification issued to contractors operating for and on behalf of Housing Leeds is presently being fully reviewed and, where applicable, updated. I can confirm that part of this updates includes for the installation of hard-wired smoke detection in the event that any major electrical works are completed within the dwelling. This replaces the existing document which specifies the installation of hard-wired detection equipment as part of a full re-wire only.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 4 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Install battery and, where applicable, carbon-monoxide detection in sheltered dwellings lacking existing detection.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Battery detection installation schemes have already been completed in 2013 in the West of the city, specifically targeting sheltered accommodation whereby battery detection and carbon monoxide detection equipment (where applicable) was installed in all sheltered dwellings with no existing detection equipment. Additionally, following a fire to a privately owned Caspon-type property in 2012, all properties of this construction type owned by LCC have had battery detection installed (where existing not present) in addition to the ‘hot strip’ completed by West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service following this fire. Both these programmes have been accounted for in the above data and recorded on Keystone.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Install battery detection in LCC-owned Caspon-type properties lacking existing detection, alongside the completed fire-safety works.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Battery detection installation schemes have already been completed in 2013 in the West of the city, specifically targeting sheltered accommodation whereby battery detection and carbon monoxide detection equipment (where applicable) was installed in all sheltered dwellings with no existing detection equipment. Additionally, following a fire to a privately owned Caspon-type property in 2012, all properties of this construction type owned by LCC have had battery detection installed (where existing not present) in addition to the ‘hot strip’ completed by West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service following this fire. Both these programmes have been accounted for in the above data and recorded on Keystone.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Add smoke-detection identification to annual tenancy visits and refer properties without detection to West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service for interim detectors.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of its commitment to delivering a customer focused service, Housing Leeds targets to visit 100% of customers in their homes on an annual basis. This visit is known as the Annual Tenancy Visit and focusses on a number of areas, including vulnerability, safeguarding and compliance with statutory inspections (for example the annual gas safety visit). With effect 1st April 2014, the Annual Tenancy Visit will now include the identification of smoke detection equipment. In cases where smoke detection is not present, these properties will be referred to West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Service for provision of smoke detectors until such time that hard wired detection equipment is provided.”

    Source location

    2014-0023-Response-by-Leeds-City-Council
    Page 4 · response
    Published 17 January 2014

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026