Recurring concern

Failure to reliably manage flooding and standing-water risks on roads

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First reported 14 Jan 2014•Latest report 17 Jul 2024

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in controls dedicated to managing flooding or standing-water hazards on public roads, including hazard recognition, risk reassessment, monitoring, ownership, escalation, prioritisation and progression of remedial or protective action; include the anchor's prolonged drift of an unresolved flooding issue and the separate failure to reassess the risk of flooding and standing water on the A1307.

Not included

  • Excludes generic highway hazard reporting, inspection or maintenance failures where flooding or standing water is not the material safety hazard.
  • Excludes permanent road-drainage design or repair deficiencies when the assertion concerns only the physical drainage system and not the wider management of the flooding or standing-water risk.
  • Excludes general flood risk to residents, buildings or unoccupied land where the road-user hazard is not the shared condition.
  • Excludes isolated flooding events or collisions where no continuing failure to assess, monitor or control the road flooding or standing-water risk is asserted.
Reports
8

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
10

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2024

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
19

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Cambridgeshire County Council1
Denbighshire County Council1
Dorset Council1
Norfolk County Council1
North Lincolnshire Council1
North Yorkshire Council1
South Wales Fire and Rescue Service1
Wessex Water Services Limited1
West Sussex County Council1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Norfolk

    AI-generated summary

    Barry John HOWARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Barry John Howard entered flood water at an unbridged ford on 13 December 2023, after warning signs were not visible, and his car was swept into the river. He was found deceased in the almost completely submerged car on 14 December 2023. Concerns included inadequate and poorly positioned warning signs, delayed or insufficient road-closure measures, and other risks associated with the ford and road surface.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to position flood warnings sufficiently in advance and visibly before the Ford

    Wider context from the report

    “iii. A lack of signs sufficiently in advance of the Ford so as to warn road users at times of extreme flooding. The current signs were well within the flooded area on the night in question and I am concerned they would not be visible, especially to those unfamiliar with the road and in the dark, until they were already in the flood water. ”

    Source location

    Barry John HOWARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct detailed, site-specific safety reviews of all 47 county fords.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Alongside this initial inspection work, more detailed safety reviews of all 47 fords in the Norfolk network were commissioned. The characteristics of each ford across the Norfolk highway network are different and therefore each ford requires a detailed, individual assessment. As part of this review, Engineers are considering the points you have raised in the Regulation 28 Report and are investigating other opportunities to further improve safety at each ford location.”

    Source location

    Response from Norfolk County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 July 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Install improved warning signage at multiple ford locations following site-specific safety reviews.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “vi) As outlined earlier in this response, there have been lessons learned from this tragic incident. Safety inspections of all fords in Norfolk were undertaken immediately after the event. Subsequently, more detailed site by site safety reviews have also been undertaken, with measures such as improved signage installed at a number of locations, and even some further road closures where water levels were observed to be high.”

    Source location

    Response from Norfolk County Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 31 July 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Make the ford safe with temporary signs and order replacement permanent signs after theft of warning signs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Regrettably, I report that since these more robust measures were installed in July 2024, the warning signs have been stolen on one side of the ford (identified on 1 August 2024) and the local Highway team have made safe with temporary signs and ordered replacement more permanent signs.”

    Source location

    Response from Norfolk County Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 31 July 2024

    Open published response
  2. Cambridgeshire and Peterborough

    AI-generated summary

    Colin Neil Duncan MCCALLUM · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Colin Neil Duncan McCallum died after his Ford Focus struck standing water on the A1307 in heavy rain, lost control, collided with a stationary vehicle and entered a treeline. The concern was that, unless the risk of flooding or standing water was reassessed and managed or monitored, future deaths could occur in similar circumstances.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to manage and monitor flooding and standing water on the road

    Wider context from the report

    “I understand that responsibility for this stretch of road was passed to CCC by National Highways in Feb 2024. During the Inquest I heard evidence from National Highways Head Of Planning & Development (statement of ████████ attached). During the period Mar 2022 to Jul 2023 the Police were aware of 5 separate incidents on the stretch of the A1307 identified in ████████ statement where there had been personal injury or death to individuals caused after vehicles had hit patches of water before leaving the carriageway. I am concerned that unless the risk of flooding/standing water is reassessed and managed/monitored moving forward that there is a risk of future deaths occurring in circumstances similar to that of the current case. ”

    Source location

    Colin Neil Duncan MCCALLUM · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to reassess the risk of flooding and standing water on the road

    Wider context from the report

    “I understand that responsibility for this stretch of road was passed to CCC by National Highways in Feb 2024. During the Inquest I heard evidence from National Highways Head Of Planning & Development (statement of ████████ attached). During the period Mar 2022 to Jul 2023 the Police were aware of 5 separate incidents on the stretch of the A1307 identified in ████████ statement where there had been personal injury or death to individuals caused after vehicles had hit patches of water before leaving the carriageway. I am concerned that unless the risk of flooding/standing water is reassessed and managed/monitored moving forward that there is a risk of future deaths occurring in circumstances similar to that of the current case. ”

    Source location

    Colin Neil Duncan MCCALLUM · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Clear the French Drain, expose and assess its drainage pipe, undertake any necessary clearing or replacement, and reinstate the drainage media.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A plan has been developed to remediate the issues that have been identified. Works are planned to commence in late July 2024 and should take 4 weeks to complete.”

    Source location

    Response from Cambridge County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 May 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Skim carriageway verges and clear roadside gullies.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A plan has been developed to remediate the issues that have been identified. Works are planned to commence in late July 2024 and should take 4 weeks to complete.”

    Source location

    Response from Cambridge County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 May 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Test and monitor the remediation works for effectiveness in removing flooding and surface-water risk.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “These works will be tested and monitored for effectiveness to ensure that the actions undertaken have been successful in removing the flooding and surface water risk. Only when the Council is satisfied that the measures taken have removed this risk will the Council be able to remove the 40mph speed limit.”

    Source location

    Response from Cambridge County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 May 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inspect the A1307 monthly and increase monitoring during heavy rainfall events.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The A1307 will be subject to monthly inspections by the Highways Inspector and the Local Highways Officer for the area, as well as enhanced monitoring when we experience heavy rainfall events.”

    Source location

    Response from Cambridge County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 May 2024

    Open published response
  3. Dorset

    AI-generated summary

    Natalie Christina Mountford · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Natalie Christina Mountford was struck by a vehicle while assisting at an earlier collision on an icy road and died at the scene from her injuries. The report raised concerns about repeated collisions at the location, the failure to investigate flowing water during highway inspections, and the absence of a robust process for logging and acting on reports of water leaks onto the highway.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to investigate flowing water during highway inspections

    Wider context from the report

    “ii. The presence of flowing water in a road is not considered and/or investigated by Dorset Council Highways Officers when conducting a highway inspection, leading to a risk that remedial action to stem the flow may not be taken, further leading to the continued presence of flowing water on a road. The presence of water itself could cause or contribute to a road traffic collision, but if the water were to freeze in sub-zero temperatures, the risk of a collision increases further; ”

    Source location

    Natalie Christina Mountford · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Log highway water reports on the customer services system to acknowledge receipt, track investigations, and communicate findings and actions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have reviewed our processes and have made the following changes:”

    Source location

    Response from Wessex Water YTL Group
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Prioritise high-risk reports and inspect all reports as soon as possible.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• We are engaging with Local Authority Highways teams to identify actual or potential risks to users of the highway. Reports identified as high risk will be treated as a priority and all reports will be inspected as soon as possible.”

    Source location

    Response from Wessex Water YTL Group
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Dig out existing and additional drainage ditches to assist water flow at the identified location.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On the 4 January 2023 a joint site visit was conducted by qualified Road Safety Auditors from the team during which it was identified that water flowing out of the road surface over the middle of the carriageway (leading to the possible build-up of ice/slush) was a likely contributing factor. The water appeared to be emanating from a Wessex Water (WW) trench reinstatement and therefore contact was made with WW to ensure that they would take action to address the risk with their asset. The auditors were notified by Dorset Police that water on the road was an active line of enquiry and that investigators from the Serious Collisions Investigation Team were in contact with WW. The auditors noted that as a precaution the local Highways Team would be digging out the existing and some additional drainage ditches to assist water flow.”

    Source location

    Response from Dorset Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the highway safety policy document within six months to ensure its guidance on flooding, surface water and slippery fluids is sufficiently robust.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition to this hazards which may affect the safety and/or the serviceability of the highway network can be identified through various routine highway maintenance operations such as cyclical maintenance activities e.g. gully emptying and through ad-hoc inspections undertaken in response to public enquiries.”

    Source location

    Response from Dorset Council
    Page 4 · response
    Published 21 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review winter-service policy measures concerning water on the highway during precautionary salting operations, completing the review by September 2024.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Dorset Council sets out its plan for managing the highway network during winter in its ‘Winter Service Policy and Operational Plan’. This policy is reviewed annually, and we will commit to reviewing the measures and actions set out in this policy with regards to the presence of water on the highway network encountered during precautionary salting operations. This review will be complete, and any identified amendments implemented, by September 2024.”

    Source location

    Response from Dorset Council
    Page 4 · response
    Published 21 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing inspections and policy guidance already address flooding, surface water and slippery fluids as highway safety hazards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition to this hazards which may affect the safety and/or the serviceability of the highway network can be identified through various routine highway maintenance operations such as cyclical maintenance activities e.g. gully emptying and through ad-hoc inspections undertaken in response to public enquiries.”

    Source location

    Response from Dorset Council
    Page 4 · response
    Published 21 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Wessex Water is responsible for addressing risks arising from water appearing to originate from its trench reinstatement or asset.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On the 4 January 2023 a joint site visit was conducted by qualified Road Safety Auditors from the team during which it was identified that water flowing out of the road surface over the middle of the carriageway (leading to the possible build-up of ice/slush) was a likely contributing factor. The water appeared to be emanating from a Wessex Water (WW) trench reinstatement and therefore contact was made with WW to ensure that they would take action to address the risk with their asset. The auditors were notified by Dorset Police that water on the road was an active line of enquiry and that investigators from the Serious Collisions Investigation Team were in contact with WW. The auditors noted that as a precaution the local Highways Team would be digging out the existing and some additional drainage ditches to assist water flow.”

    Source location

    Response from Dorset Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 February 2024

    Open published response
  4. North Wales (East and Central)

    AI-generated summary

    John Michael Thomas · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    John Michael Thomas died on 2 December 2023 after losing control of the motorcycle he was riding and colliding with an oncoming vehicle, sustaining fatal injuries. Witness evidence indicated that the motorcycle may have slipped on the road, and concerns were raised about flooding and the general condition of parts of the A539, including issues previously brought to the Local Authority’s attention.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to control flooding on the highway near the Sun Trevor Public House

    Wider context from the report

    “Initial indications by way of witness evidence suggest that the loss of control occurred as a result of Mr Thomas’ motorcycle “slipping on the road”. My understanding is that this has occurred near to the Sun Trevor Public House, and I have been made aware that some issues regarding flooding and the general condition of this part of the highway had been made known to the Local Authority prior to the accident. Furthermore my understanding is that concerns have also been raised with the Local Authority in relation to surface water/flooding on another part of the A539 near to Llangollen, namely near to the Wenfrwd Pocket Park entrance. I am therefore concerned that if action is not taken to remedy these issues, there is a risk that future deaths may occur. ”

    Source location

    John Michael Thomas · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Contact the adjacent field owner about possible land alterations to help retain excess water.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3.4 As a matter of completeness, the Council will contact the owner of the field adjacent to the highway to see if any alterations could be made to this private land that may assist in retaining the water on the land on the occasions when it becomes saturated.”

    Source location

    Response from Denbigshire County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue investigating drainage improvements at the Sun Inn location.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4.2 At this location a drainage system from an adjacent road flows into a manhole which is partially blocked. As a result, there is an overflow which runs on the highway to flow into a gully approximately 70 metres away, before draining under the road and into the canal.”

    Source location

    Response from Denbigshire County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Rectify private-land drainage flows and clear debris from the historical stone drainage feature.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5.1 On the north side of the road there is a stone feature which collects run – off from the land behind it and feeds it into a culvert which again runs under the carriageway to outfall into the canal. This is shown as Location C on the plan at Appendix 2.”

    Source location

    Response from Denbigshire County Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 December 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Add the drainage feature to the critical-culvert list and monitor it more closely.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5.3 The council has a list of critical culverts which are known to require higher maintenance standards and this feature will now be added to a monitored more closely.”

    Source location

    Response from Denbigshire County Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Clear storm-affected drainage gullies and channels on the A539.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “6.4 Following the extensive rainfall and disruption caused by Storm Babet on 20th October 2023, the Council implemented a specific response action of addressing the impact of the storm on drainage gullies and channels on the A539. This work has been completed with all gullies and channels being cleared.”

    Source location

    Response from Denbigshire County Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Erect warning signs at the Wenffrwd Junction and Sun Inn locations alerting motorists to possible water or ice.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “6.5 As an additional safety measure, the Council has also erected warning signs on the A539 at both the Wenffrwd Junction location and the Sun Inn location. These warning signs alert motorists to the possibility of the presence of water or ice.”

    Source location

    Response from Denbigshire County Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 December 2023

    Open published response
  5. North Lincolnshire and Grimsby

    AI-generated summary

    Adam David Simms · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Adam David Simms was the sole occupant and driver of a car that lost control after striking standing water on the A18 during heavy rain and collided with an oncoming lorry, causing fatal injuries. Concerns were raised about blocked drainage gullies, extensive standing water on the carriageway, and the absence of an explanation and remedial action to prevent recurrence.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to establish the cause of highway water ingress and take remedial action

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) I received evidence regarding the system of inspection utilised to identify and remedy any blocked drainage gullies. Two blocked gullies were found at the site of the accumulation of water upon the carriageway notwithstanding that an inspection undertaken only four days previously on 17 May 2021 had not identified those defects. They had not been included in cleansing works undertaken on 8 April 2022. (2) The evidence suggested that at around the point at which Mr Simms lost control of his motor car there were two separate patches of standing water upon the carriageway. They were said to be 62m in length and 36m in length respectively. They occupied the majority of the width of the Eastbound carriageway. Water was noted to a depth of between 10 and 15mm. There was plainly a significant quantity of standing water which posed a serious hazard to road users. (3) Whilst the evidence I received did not establish on balance of probabilities that those blocked gullies were the cause of the patches of water described above, no alternative explanation for such a significant accumulation of water was provided by the evidence. It had plainly rained heavily, although there was no evidence to suggest an exceptional downpour had occurred. (4) The absence of any explanation for this accumulation, and the consequential absence of any remedial action undertaken to prevent a repetition of these events gives rise to a concern that the highway at that location remains at risk of water ingress (from whatever source) unless and until the cause can be established and appropriate remedial action taken. ”

    Source location

    Adam David Simms · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The water accumulation was an unforeseeable extreme-rainfall event, with no evidence of subsequent accumulation or continuing risk at the location.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As noted above we have undertaken 3 wet weather safety inspections of the area on 15, 17 and 22 November 2022. There was no evidence of standing water identified during these inspections. We can only conclude it was the sheer volume of water, that was not forecast, during that month that contributed to the accumulation of excess surface water on the highway. There were no issues reported regarding standing water at this location on the day in question or prior to this incident.”

    Source location

    Response from North Lincolnshire Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    No further action is considered necessary beyond monitoring the highway under the Council’s existing inspection system.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In the circumstances, we do not intend to take any further action at this location, other than ensuring monitoring of the highway in accordance with the Council’s system of inspection as set out above.”

    Source location

    Response from North Lincolnshire Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 October 2022

    Open published response
  6. West Sussex

    AI-generated summary

    Saeid Hedayat · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Saeid Hedayat lost control of his vehicle on the B2112 after encountering floodwater caused by a blocked drain, and the vehicle overturned, causing multiple injuries. He suffered a hypoxic brain injury and died. Concerns included risk assessments that did not account for recurring zone 1 drain blockages, were not regularly reviewed, and did not respond to relevant flooding reports, as well as the absence of warning signs despite recurring road flooding.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide warning signs for recurring zone 1 road-flooding risk

    Wider context from the report

    “(4) I found that drain numbered B9913 was blocked on a regular basis due to debris and silt collecting in zone 1. There are no warning signs (temporary or permanent) drawing drivers’ attention to the flood risk despite this. I heard evidence that signs would not normally be installed unless the highways authority were not able to immediately resolve the flooding if they attended. This approach does not appear to adequately deal with the risks posed where road flooding occurs regularly due to a zone 1 blockage. ”

    Source location

    Saeid Hedayat · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing flood-signing practice was considered sufficient because the authority was unaware of an ongoing zone 1 blockage at the location.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “If we attend site and are unable to resolve a flooding issue immediately and this is impacting safe passage of the highway, our normal practice is to place temporary Flood Signs to warn motorists until we can resolve the issue.”

    Source location

    2019-0327-Response-by-West-Sussex-County-Council
    Page 4 · response
    Published 8 November 2019

    Open published response
  7. South Wales Central

    AI-generated summary

    Russell William Sherwood · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Russell William Sherwood was found deceased in his vehicle after it was swept into flood water on New Inn Road, Bridgend. The concerns related to the Fire Service leaving the scene while flooding continued to pose a risk to life, without closing the road or leaving warning signs, and to limitations in equipment and protocols for road closures.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain road safety while flooding continues to pose a risk to life

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The evidence revealed that having rescued a motorist from flooding, at a time when the flooding continued to pose a risk to life, the Fire Service Unit departed the scene before the Highways authority arrived and without closing the road or leaving any warning signs. (2) The evidence further revealed that South Wales Fire and Rescue Service Units do not carry equipment to close highways and they only carry enough equipment to make a road safe when dealing with an incident. Furthermore, it was stated in evidence that the Fire Service rely on the Highways authority or the Police to carry out road closures and Fire Service protocols do not permit the closure of roads. ”

    Source location

    Russell William Sherwood · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct a comprehensive review of operating procedures, including consideration of the coroner’s recommendations and flooding and inland water emergency response arrangements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are pleased to confirm that your recommendations for action ("your Recommendations"), as set out at paragraph 6 on page 2 of your Report, are currently being considered by the Service as part of its overarching response to the Fire and Rescue Services (Emergencies) (Wales) (Amendment) Order 2017 ("the Order"). For your information, the Order creates a new statutory duty for Fire and Rescue Authorities to make provision from 1 April 2017 for responding to flooding and inland water emergencies which present a risk of death, serious injury or serious illness to people.”

    Source location

    2017-0192-Response-by-South-Wales-Fire-and-Rescue-Services
    Page 1 · response
    Published 9 August 2017

    Open published response
  8. North Yorkshire (West)

    AI-generated summary

    William David McCourt · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    William David McCourt died at the scene after losing control of his motorcycle on running water across the A6108 road. The warning sign had fallen over, and the water hazard had reportedly remained unresolved for several months. Concerns included missing records of residents’ reports, inadequate investigation of land ownership, lack of written escalation, failure to address the hazard, and inspections not recording the water as a potential hazard.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to prevent prolonged drift of an unresolved flooding issue

    Wider context from the report

    “5) This situation was allowed to ‘drift’ over at least a 3 month period prior to the accident. ”

    Source location

    William David McCourt · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to act on reported flooding

    Wider context from the report

    “1) No record was found of the reports made by local residents prior to June, 2012, of flooding at this location either via the Highways website or by telephone on two occasions and, therefore, no action taken. ”

    Source location

    William David McCourt · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026