Recurring concern

Failure to reliably recognise when obstetric input is needed and obtain it promptly

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First reported 1 Jun 2016•Latest report 13 Dec 2024

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in maternity or emergency-care processes to recognise when obstetric input is needed and promptly request, call or obtain obstetric review, including delayed recognition of pregnancy, failure to trigger obstetric review after specified clinical events, and comparable delays in escalating maternity concerns.

Not included

  • Excludes general maternity communication, coordination or staffing deficiencies where the failure is not specifically recognition of a need for obstetric input and prompt escalation.
  • Excludes pregnancy and birth risk-assessment or birth-planning failures where obstetric escalation is not the deficient control.
  • Excludes failures in obstetric treatment or review after the obstetric team has been promptly contacted.
  • Excludes non-maternity specialist escalation processes and generic emergency escalation without a material obstetric context.
Reports
4

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
6

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2016–2024

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
11

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists2
Ashford and St Peter'S Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
Care Quality Commission1
General Medical Council1
London Ambulance Service NHS Trust1
Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust1
St Peter's Hospital1
the Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust1
Whittington Health NHS Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    LAURA-JANE KIRSTEN NICOLE SEAMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Laura-Jane Seaman died at Broomfield Hospital on 23 December 2022 following a massive intra-abdominal haemorrhage after a recent vaginal delivery, with subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation. The principal concerns were failures to recognise and escalate maternal collapse and hypovolaemia, obtain and record vital signs and blood-test results, examine for covert bleeding, activate the major haemorrhage protocol, and provide appropriate senior review. The inquest concluded that her death was avoidable and contributed to by neglect.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in escalating deteriorating maternity patients for senior and critical care review

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) Laura-Jane was not escalated for hours as a deteriorating patient in accordance with training and national guidance including PROMPT training, or the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Maternal Collapse in Pregnancy and Puerperium (RCOG)Green-top Guideline No.56. The maternal collapse was categorised as a “Faint” by Trust staff and Laura-Jane was treated for potential dehydration (with no apparent risk factors) and administered medication that had only a transient effect. (3) The administration of Metaraminol on the labour ward is rare for a mother who had an uneventful delivery and did not prompt a critical care review with a background of deranged vital signs. (4) There was a focus by midwifery staff on per vaginal bleeding and the hypovolemia was not recognised. The PROMPT training guidance contains illustrations by way of photographs to assist with the assessment of blood loss that focuses on per vaginal bleeding. Covert bleeding is referred to in the context of hypovolemia in a separate place on one line. Covert bleeding is not referred to in the Trust Drills & Skills Booklet. (5) Laura-Jane informed clinical professionals she thought she was haemorrhaging and that she was going to die in a background picture of maternal collapse and prolonged deranged vital signs. This did not trigger Consultant obstetric review, 2222 alert or referral to the critical care outreach team. ”

    Source location

    LAURA-JANE KIRSTEN NICOLE SEAMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide guidance on preventing and managing postpartum haemorrhage, including clinical assessment, monitoring, escalation and multidisciplinary response.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The RCOG’s clinical guidance in this context includes the following:”

    Source location

    Response from Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    Page 3 · response
    Published 18 December 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide guidance defining circumstances requiring consultant attendance in acute obstetric and gynaecological care, including maternal collapse and major haemorrhage.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5. Good Practice Paper on Roles and responsibilities of the consultant providing acute care in obstetrics and gynaecology⁹ states that one of the general situations in which the consultant must attend is any return to theatre for obstetrics or gynaecology. Some of the other obstetrics reasons for attendance are early warning score protocol or sepsis screening tool that suggests critical deterioration where HDU / ITU care is likely to become necessary or maternal collapse or where ‘major obstetric haemorrhage’ call has been instigated.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    Page 4 · response
    Published 18 December 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Teach and practise SBAR escalation during annual multidisciplinary PROMPT training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The obstetric, midwifery and anaesthetic teams have yearly Practical Obstetric Multi Professional Training (PROMPT) training sessions as an MDT where they role play emergency scenarios. Since Laura-Jane’s death, during PROMPT, the teams are taught about the SBAR tool, (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation). Escalation via the use of the SBAR tool is practiced teaching the quality and effectiveness of good communication. SBAR is an easy to remember mechanism to use to frame communications or conversations. It is a structured way of communicating information that requires a response from the receiver. As such, SBAR can be used very effectively to escalate a clinical problem that requires immediate attention, or to facilitate efficient handover of patients between clinicians or clinical teams.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid & South Essex NHS Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 18 December 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Launch the RCOG escalation toolkit, including AID language, conflict-resolution teaching and team-of-shift handover practices.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of the Each Baby Counts initiative, the maternity service is launching the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists’ (RCOG) ‘Escalation Toolkit’ in February 2025. This toolkit is designed to enhance escalation and improve patient safety and consists of three key components:”

    Source location

    Response from Mid & South Essex NHS Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 18 December 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the OBS UK obstetric bleeding care bundle covering risk assessment, quantitative blood-loss measurement, escalation, and rapid clotting tests.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since August 2024, the maternity unit at Broomfield hospital has begun the implementation of a new obstetric bleeding strategy. The strategy works alongside current PROMPT recommendations of managing a postpartum haemorrhage already in place at the maternity unit.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid & South Essex NHS Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 18 December 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the national MEWS observation package and escalation policy, including trigger-team referral and mandatory maternity-inpatient use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The service identified these issues in the initial review of the incident. Since Laura-Jane’s death there has been an implementation of a new MEWS package with escalation policy. This includes the trigger response/medical emergency team once a score of 7 or above is reached.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid & South Essex NHS Trust
    Page 6 · response
    Published 18 December 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Embed deterioration recognition, concealed-bleeding assessment and escalation training in PROMPT, induction, local teaching, drills and written staff communications.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7) An ‘unwell woman’s’ simulation based on antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage including uterine rupture, abruption, and Vasa Previa, as well as a separate simulation on an anaphylaxis scenario was included in the 2023 PROMPT maternity training for all staff in addition to Human factors training, teamwork, situational awareness, and escalation.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid & South Essex NHS Trust
    Page 8 · response
    Published 18 December 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Adopt a rota requiring junior registrars to pair with senior registrars and establish supervision and risk-mitigation arrangements when the intended skill mix is unavailable.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We now have a new rota system in place where the required staffing establishment must include a junior registrar paired with a senior registrar. The junior then has a point of escalation to ensure that any MEWS score of four or above is escalated to the senior registrar and onto the Consultant.”

    Source location

    Response from Mid & South Essex NHS Trust
    Page 11 · response
    Published 18 December 2024

    Open published response
  2. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Fern-Marie CHOYA · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Fern-Marie Choya died from hypovolaemic shock caused by massive intra-abdominal bleeding following rupture of the abdominal gravid uterus during a monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy. Concerns included failure to communicate her pregnancy during the pre-hospital alert and on hospital arrival, a 16-minute delay in recognising the pregnancy and calling the obstetric team, and treatment focused on possible pulmonary embolism before free fluid was identified.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to involve the obstetric team in the assessment and management of pregnant emergencies

    Wider context from the report

    “3. Without the obstetric team, the emergency department team focus was on the potential for a pulmonary embolism, and alteplase was given. Only later was a scan conducted and free fluid noted. By the time of the laparotomy it was too late to save Ms Choya. ”

    Source location

    Fern-Marie CHOYA · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in recognising pregnancy and calling the obstetric team

    Wider context from the report

    “2. On arrival at the Whittington Hospital, the detail of the pregnancy was not communicated effectively. It is unclear whether the LAS crew did not mention the fact, or whether the emergency staff simply did not hear it. In any event, it took 16 minutes post arrival for the pregnancy to be recognised and the obstetric team to be called. ”

    Source location

    Fern-Marie CHOYA · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Launch criteria for initiating an obstetric call before a patient's arrival, jointly agreed by obstetric and emergency teams.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. A set of criteria have been developed to determine if an obstetric call needs to be initiated prior to patient arrival. The Trust already has a process in place for trauma calls, which has now been expanded to cover obstetric callout criteria. In agreeing the criteria, advice was sought from Emergency Department colleagues in other trusts to see if similar systems were already in place and the final criteria were agreed jointly with our obstetrics and emergency teams. The new criteria have now been launched in the Emergency Department. A copy of the criteria is included in Appendix B.”

    Source location

    2019-0281-Resposne-by-Whittington-Health-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Replace the Emergency Department priority-call information sheet with a version prompting staff to ask whether a relevant patient is pregnant.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. We have modified the Emergency Department ‘Priority call information sheet’ which is used when recording call details received from London Ambulance Service red phone. The sheet now includes a prompt for Whittington Health staff to ask if the patient is pregnant, where relevant. This new sheet replaced the original form in the”

    Source location

    2019-0281-Resposne-by-Whittington-Health-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The emergency department’s treatment decisions are the Whittington Hospital’s responsibility, although LAS measures may support more timely future care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. Without the obstetric team, the emergency department team focus was on the potential for a pulmonary embolism, and alteplase was given. Only later was a scan conducted and free fluid noted. By the time of the laparotomy it was too late to save Ms Choya.”

    Source location

    2019-0281-Resposne-by-London-Ambulance-Service
    Page 3 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

    Open published response
  3. Shropshire, Telford and Wrekin

    AI-generated summary

    Ivy Rebecca Morris · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ivy Rebecca Morris was born with severe perinatal hypoxic ischaemic brain damage and died at home on 3 May 2016 after becoming unresponsive during a feed. The report identified concerns about foetal heart monitoring, failures to follow midwifery guidelines, and potential delays relating to episiotomy support. The inquest concluded that appropriate monitoring during the second stage of labour would have prevented her death, according to the supplied text.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to request obstetric review after 1 hour of active pushing

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) Failure to follow midwifery guidelines. a. To confirm assessment of the CTG using the agreed assessment tool. b. The need to request an obstetric review after 1 hour of active pushing. c. The need to request an obstetric review for maternal tachycardia. ”

    Source location

    Ivy Rebecca Morris · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to request obstetric review for maternal tachycardia

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) Failure to follow midwifery guidelines. a. To confirm assessment of the CTG using the agreed assessment tool. b. The need to request an obstetric review after 1 hour of active pushing. c. The need to request an obstetric review for maternal tachycardia. ”

    Source location

    Ivy Rebecca Morris · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  4. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Rhi anne Anoushka Florence BARTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Rhi anne Barton developed severe abdominal pain and vomiting at 35 weeks of pregnancy after previous bariatric surgery and was later found to have a small bowel obstruction. She aspirated during induction of anaesthesia before surgery, developed severe physiological compromise and died in the early hours of 13 February 2015. The principal concerns included delays in investigation, diagnosis and surgical management, lack of consultant supervision, inadequate documentation and fluid monitoring, and insufficient consideration of surgical causes associated with previous bariatric surgery.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide timely obstetric consultant supervision after emergency admission

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Rhi anne’s named obstetric consultant was not informed of her emergency admission. Although there was a consultant obstetrician on the ward on the 11th February there was no request for Rhi anne to be seen and in any event it was not common practice for patients to be seen by another consultant. As such there was no obstetric consultant supervision of Rhi anne from the time of admission until shortly before her surgery; approximately 43 hours after admission. ”

    Source location

    Rhi anne Anoushka Florence BARTON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement daily consultant review of patients on Joan Booker Ward, with labour ward consultant cover when usual consultants are unavailable.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have actioned a change in Consultant working practices to facilitate timely review of patients on Joan Booker Ward. The default planning is that Consultants will review patients under their care every working day; where other commitments or absences preclude this, and at weekends, the labour ward Consultant will review the patients. This pattern of working has been in place since March 2015. I have included as Appendix 1, the details of this working pattern.”

    Source location

    2016-0213-Response-by-Ashford-and-St-Peters-Hospital-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 1 June 2016

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026