Recurring concern

Inadequate vehicle occupant restraint systems

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First reported 17 Apr 2014•Latest report 14 Apr 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of controls specifically dedicated to restraining vehicle occupants, including provision and design of operator or passenger restraints, secure anchorage, restraint requirements and alarms or equivalent controls that detect disengagement, across road, agricultural, public-transport and comparable vehicles.

Not included

  • Excludes generic vehicle approval, maintenance, driving, seating-comfort or collision-risk concerns where no vehicle occupant-restraint deficiency is identified.
  • Excludes restraints used in police custody, patient transport or other non-vehicle restraint contexts unless the assertion concerns restraint of an occupant during vehicle travel.
  • Excludes child-seat, wheelchair-securing or specialist restraint systems when the report supports a separately named and narrower safety concern.
  • Excludes vehicle design, barriers, handholds or general collision-impact mitigation where no occupant-restraint control is deficient.
Reports
13

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
16

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
14

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department for Transport6
Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency2
Backhouse Jones Limited1
British Army1
British Healthcare Trades Association1
Fentons1
General Optical Council1
Health and Safety Executive1
Ministry of Defence1
Next of kin1
Office of the Chief Coroner1
Optare PLC1
Patient Transport (UK) Limited1
R.J. Bateman (Engineering) Limited1
Rose Builders Ltd1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Susan Toft · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Susan Toft, a wheelchair user, was injured when her adapted vehicle braked suddenly and she slipped from her wheelchair into the passenger footwell. She later died in hospital from myocardial infarction and pneumonia, with sepsis and fractures also recorded in the medical cause of death. Concerns included failure of the wheelchair cushion attachment and inadequate fitting of the vehicle seat belt to her wheelchair and position.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to assess and maintain adequate vehicle occupant-restraint fit for the wheelchair and wheelchair user

    Wider context from the report

    “Concern Two Section 5 of the above said Guidelines sets out in some detail the importance of ensuring the adequacy of the fit of the vehicle restraint system to the individual wheelchair and wheelchair user. It was surprising therefore to learn at the inquest that upon collecting the adapted vehicle STs husband was only given a demonstration of how to secure the wheelchair to the vehicle. That there was no assessment of any need to make adjustments to the vehicle occupant restraints to ensure an adequate fit by assessing ST’s position and safety in the vehicle, using her current wheelchair, and to advise a reassessment should the wheelchair be changed. As a consequence, the vehicle occupant seat belt did not fit properly across ST’s lap, contributing to her being thrown into the footwell. ”

    Source location

    Susan Toft · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  2. York and North Yorkshire

    AI-generated summary

    Shirley Ann HUNT · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 24 August 2021, Shirley Ann Hunt died instantaneously from multiple injuries after a motorhome tyre deflated and the vehicle collided with a stationary vehicle on the A64 at Barton Hill. The concern was that adults and children over three can travel unrestrained in the rear areas of motorhomes because there is no legal obligation for seat belts to be fitted there, creating a potential risk to life.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of legal requirements for restraint of passengers travelling in the rear areas of motorhomes

    Wider context from the report

    “Evidence given during the inquest indicated that there is no legal obligation for seat belts to be fitted in the rear areas of motorhomes, for passengers to use when the vehicle is in motion. Whilst it was not possible to establish whether Shirley Ann Hunt would have survived the impact if she had been wearing a seatbelt, as a wider point of public safety, I am concerned that adults and children over three years can travel in the rear areas of motorhomes without restraint, and that in doing so, this may create a risk to life. ”

    Source location

    Shirley Ann HUNT · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Require seat belts for all travelling seats in newly registered motor caravans and identify unsuitable unbelted seats with signage.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “From 29 April 2012, newly registered motor caravans have required all seats intended for use when the vehicle is travelling, irrespective of whether they are fitted to the accommodation area or elsewhere in the vehicle, to be fitted with seat belts. Seats which are not suitable for use whilst travelling and not fitted with seat belts must be clearly identified to users by means of a pictogram or a sign with appropriate text.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 25 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish guidance advising motor-caravan passengers to use forward- or rearward-facing seats equipped with three-point seat belts.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Although it is not illegal to travel unrestrained in the accommodation area of a motor caravan where no seat belts are fitted, the Department has published guidance at the following link which advises that passengers are safest in a forward or rearward facing seat equipped with a three-point seat belt. www.gov.uk/government/publications/carriage-of-passengers-in-campervans”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The existing regulatory framework is considered proportionate and sufficient for the range and age of motor caravans operating on the roads.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Overall, I believe the existing regulatory framework is proportionate as it introduced enhanced requirements for new motor caravans from 2012 and provides sufficient in-use provision to cover the broad range and age of motor caravans operating on our roads.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 March 2024

    Open published response
  3. York and North Yorkshire

    AI-generated summary

    Ellie Louise Frances HUNT · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ellie Louise Frances Hunt was travelling in the rear of a motorhome when a front tyre deflated and the vehicle collided with a stationary vehicle on the A64 on 24 August 2021. She suffered multiple injuries that were not survivable; the principal concern was that rear areas of motorhomes may be used by adults and children over three without restraints, potentially creating a risk to life.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of required rear-area seat-belt restraint in motorhomes

    Wider context from the report

    “Evidence given during the inquest indicated that there is no legal obligation for seat belts to be fitted in the rear areas of motorhomes, for passengers to use when the vehicle is in motion. Whilst it was not possible to establish whether Ellie Louise Frances Hunt would have survived the impact if she had been wearing a seatbelt, as a wider point of public safety, I am concerned that adults and children over three years can travel in the rear areas of motorhomes without restraint, and that in doing so, this may create a risk to life. ”

    Source location

    Ellie Louise Frances HUNT · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The existing regulatory framework is considered proportionate and sufficient for the range and age of motor caravans operating on roads.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Overall, I believe the existing regulatory framework is proportionate as it introduced enhanced requirements for new motor caravans from 2012 and provides sufficient in-use provision to cover the broad range and age of motor caravans operating on our roads.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 March 2024

    Open published response
  4. Cambridgeshire and Peterborough

    AI-generated summary

    Brian CHAPMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Brian Chapman was an upper-deck passenger on a bus that collided with an articulated lorry on the A47 at Wisbech St Mary on 26 June 2018. He suffered significant and unsurvivable traumatic injuries and died at the scene. The principal concern was that buses travelling predominantly rural routes at high speeds were not required to have passenger seatbelts, creating an obvious risk of death in collisions.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of required passenger seatbelts on buses undertaking predominantly rural, high-speed journeys

    Wider context from the report

    “One of the two vehicles involved in the collision was a double decker service bus travelling a scheduled route between Peterborough and Norwich, a distance of approximately 80 miles. The bus was not fitted with passenger seatbelts. I heard evidence that although since 01.01.01 seatbelts are required to be fitted in all new buses(this vehicle was on a ‘63’ plate’) there is an exemption where such vehicles are designed for urban use standing passengers. Whilst this particular route required the bus to travel from/to and stop off in 5-6 urban centres the majority of the journey took place on a major A route through rural areas. The speed of the bus at the point of collision was approximately 53mph. Both the bus driver and an upper deck passenger were killed in the collision. Whilst there was no evidence that either death would have been prevented by the wearing of seatbelts a number of other passengers were injured in the collision. I am concerned where buses are undertaking journeys such as this through predominantly rural locations and subject to the national speed limit without seatbelts being required there is an obvious risk of death to passengers if collisions occur, particularly at high speed. ”

    Source location

    Brian CHAPMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Write to the Confederation of Passenger Transport highlighting appropriate vehicle selection, including consideration of seat-belt-fitted vehicles.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Finally, my officials will write immediately to the CPT, the trade body which represents bus and coach operators, highlighting the importance for their members in selecting appropriate vehicles based on the type of bus service operated, including full consideration of using only vehicles fitted with seat belts. At that same time they will also write to the Office of the Traffic Commissioner to raise awareness of this issue.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 26 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Write to the Office of the Traffic Commissioner to raise awareness of appropriate vehicle selection and seat-belt provision.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Finally, my officials will write immediately to the CPT, the trade body which represents bus and coach operators, highlighting the importance for their members in selecting appropriate vehicles based on the type of bus service operated, including full consideration of using only vehicles fitted with seat belts. At that same time they will also write to the Office of the Traffic Commissioner to raise awareness of this issue.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 26 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The existing regulatory framework provides appropriate and proportionate safeguards, so no broader regulatory change is considered necessary.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Overall, we believe the existing regulatory framework is appropriate as it harmonises vehicle construction with the wider international community and provides proportionate safeguards whilst ensuring the legislative landscape is sufficiently flexible to meet the needs of the local community. This ensures the economic viability and sustainability of bus services, which in turn supports social inclusion and the local economy, particularly in rural areas.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 26 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Standard-service operators are responsible for choosing vehicles appropriate to the intended operation; local authorities may specify vehicle requirements for contracted services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Once a bus is approved for use there are no specific regulations to restrict the type of roads it can use and for standard bus services it is for the operator to choose the type of vehicle used to provide a given service, and this should take account of the type of intended operation. Exceptions to this”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 1 · response
    Published 26 March 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Traffic commissioners must determine whether their powers can restrict particular buses from particular roads through Traffic Regulation Conditions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Traffic Commissioners are responsible for licensing and regulation of those who operate buses and the registration of most bus services. On the request of a local transport authority, a traffic commissioner can consider the potential use of Traffic Regulation Conditions (TRCs) to prevent danger to road users. It would be for the individual traffic commissioners to determine whether their powers could extend to the use of a TRC to restrict certain buses from particular roads.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 26 March 2024

    Open published response
  5. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Robert Walaszkowski · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Robert Walaszkowski, a detained mental health patient, sustained head and cervical spine injuries after likely colliding with a locked door and later died from catastrophic cervical spine, vertebral artery and hypoxic brain injuries on 15 November 2019. Concerns included excessive lorazepam dosing, failure to perform a cervical spine CT scan and full medical assessment before discharge, and his transfer in an unsuitable vehicle without support or restraints while in very poor physical condition. The inquest heard that placing detained mental health patients on the floor of secure vans appeared to be an accepted practice, and the jury concluded that his death was contributed to by neglect.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to secure patients safely in the transport vehicle

    Wider context from the report

    “It is of concern that: (i) There was no review by Patient Transport UK Ltd into the service provided to Robert in the early hours of 20 October 2019. (ii) The apparently trained transport staff did not re-consider the appropriateness of the vehicle when they observed Robert’s very low level of consciousness and his inability to walk; sit unaided and hold his head upright. (iii) The staff placed Robert, in this concerning condition, on the floor of the vehicle without any seat belt or other mechanism to keep him safe and secure. (iv) Placing mental health patients on the floor of the caged area, seems to be an accepted practice by Patient Transport UK Ltd. ”

    Source location

    Robert Walaszkowski · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  6. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    David Scott Green · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    David Scott Green died in an accident while driving a dumper truck over a mound of earth; the ground gave way and the vehicle toppled forward, trapping him underneath. The concerns identified were the apparent lack of a safe system of work, widespread non-use of vehicle seat belts, and inadequate checking of seat-belt use.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of employees to wear vehicle seat belts

    Wider context from the report

    “There seemed to be a widespread practice of employees not wearing the seat belts provided with the vehicles. ”

    Source location

    David Scott Green · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. South Wales Central

    AI-generated summary

    Colin George Wellings · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Colin George Wellings was riding a domestically constructed three-wheeled motorised trike when he lost control entering a mini island, was thrown from it and died at the scene from serious head and other injuries. The concerns were that this class of vehicle was exempt from seatbelt and helmet requirements and that legislation should be considered to bring such vehicles in line with other mainstream mechanically propelled vehicles.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a legal requirement for riders of this class of vehicle to wear seatbelts

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The machine that the deceased was riding was a domestically manufactured machine with a 3.5 litre engine registered in 1973 and as such was exempt from the requirement for the driver/rider to wear either a seatbelt or a protective helmet. (2) Given the inherent risk that this vehicle, and others like it, pose, not only to their riders, but to other road users, consideration should be given to legislation to ensure that this class of vehicle is brought in line with other mainstream mechanically propelled vehicles by amendment to the Road Traffic Act and the Construction and Use Regulations. ”

    Source location

    Colin George Wellings · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Seat belts are expected to offer few benefits for motor tricycles and may exacerbate injuries by closely coupling riders to vehicles in collisions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Seat belts are very effective at reducing injury when used with vehicles which have a structure around the occupant area – this is able to offer direct protection and to absorb some of the energy of the impact as it deforms. For motorcycles and motor tricycles, the use of seat belts is expected to offer very few benefits and in most cases, closely coupling the rider to the vehicle in a collision is anticipated to exacerbate the injuries.”

    Source location

    2016-0348-Response-by-Department-for-Transport
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 October 2016

    Open published response
  8. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Alan George DIMBLEBY · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 23 July 2015, Alan George Dimbleby died after a self-propelled crop sprayer became unstable and rolled down a steep slope, throwing him from the cabin. The jury found that the slope gradient and absence of a seatbelt materially contributed to his death. The report raised concerns about the absence of operator seat restraints on self-propelled sprayers and related HSE guidance.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    HSE guidance suggesting that operator seat restraints may not be needed or are inappropriate for self-propelled sprayers

    Wider context from the report

    “Operator Seat Restraint 1. Consideration should be given to fitting operator seat restraints to self-propelled sprayers. The cabin of the vehicle was such that it would have provided adequate protection to Mr Dimbleby had he not been thrown out of the vehicle. However, without appropriate operator seat restraints there is a serious risk that the operator will be thrown from the vehicle should it overturn and, as such, a safe cabin does not provide adequate protection. 2. Consideration should be given to removing self-propelled sprayers from the class of vehicles in respect of which the HSE guidance suggests that operator seat restraints may not be needed or are inappropriate [Agriculture Information Sheet 37 (revision1)]. ”

    Source location

    Alan George DIMBLEBY · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of appropriate operator seat restraints on self-propelled sprayers

    Wider context from the report

    “Operator Seat Restraint 1. Consideration should be given to fitting operator seat restraints to self-propelled sprayers. The cabin of the vehicle was such that it would have provided adequate protection to Mr Dimbleby had he not been thrown out of the vehicle. However, without appropriate operator seat restraints there is a serious risk that the operator will be thrown from the vehicle should it overturn and, as such, a safe cabin does not provide adequate protection. 2. Consideration should be given to removing self-propelled sprayers from the class of vehicles in respect of which the HSE guidance suggests that operator seat restraints may not be needed or are inappropriate [Agriculture Information Sheet 37 (revision1)]. ”

    Source location

    Alan George DIMBLEBY · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Consider revising HSE guidance wording to better inform vehicle choice when working on slopes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On your second point, concerning HSE guidance on the use of seat restraints, similar constraints apply to how far this can be changed. Our guidance has to apply to the full range of self-propelled work equipment (including those fitted with ROPS and those not fitted with ROPS). It gives advice on the steps that should be taken to comply with health and safety legislation. The guidance is not intended to be comprehensive, and does not cover every possible configuration of self-propelled work equipment. Very specifically we cannot recommend the use of seat restraints for a vehicle that is not also fitted with a ROPS for the reasons given above. We do nonetheless keep all of our guidance under review and at the next opportunity we will consider whether the wording can be revised to better inform the choice of vehicle when working on slopes.”

    Source location

    Alan-DIMBLEBY-Response
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 March 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Redesign sprayer cabs to include seat restraints and fit one to every vehicle before it leaves the workshop.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, since I became aware of the circumstances of Mr Dimbleby's accident, I have changed the design of the cabs to include seat restraints and no vehicle leaves our workshop without one being fitted.”

    Source location

    2016-0120-Response-by-Bateman-Engineering-Ltd
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 March 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Raise seat-restraint concerns at the next appropriate agricultural machinery safety standards meeting for consideration in future revisions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “HSE works with the relevant British Standards (BSI) and European Standards (CEN) committees on agricultural machinery safety, and we will raise this issue at the next appropriate meeting for the consideration in future revisions of the applicable standards.”

    Source location

    Alan-DIMBLEBY-Response
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 March 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Guidance cannot recommend seat restraints for non-ROPS vehicles because restraints may increase injury risk during overturns.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Where a non-ROPS cab is present, which is particularly likely on older machines, the fitting and wearing of seat restraints is not recommended as it can increase the risk of injury in the event of a roll over. A non-ROPS cab is not designed to, nor will it have been tested to demonstrate that it can, withstand the forces to which it is exposed during a roll over. Consequently, in an overturn, the structure is likely to deform and fail, and penetrate the zone occupied by the restrained driver resulting in a risk of serious personal injury. Additionally, on older machines regardless of whether or not they have ROPS fitted, there may not be any suitable anchorage points for seat restraints and fitting them may be unfeasible.”

    Source location

    Alan-DIMBLEBY-Response
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 March 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The secure cab enclosure was considered sufficient to protect drivers without requiring operator seat restraints.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As I set out in my statement provided for the Inquest, there is no requirement for sprayers to have seat restraints. We have always focussed on making the cab enclosure as safe and secure as possible so that the driver is protected irrespective of whether they are wearing a seat restraint. In the report you acknowledge that the cabin of the sprayer was still intact and generally undamaged following the accident.”

    Source location

    2016-0120-Response-by-Bateman-Engineering-Ltd
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 March 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Universal seat restraints cannot be advocated because restraints may increase overturn injury risk where sprayers lack suitable ROPS.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On the first issue, the use of seat restraints has to be considered in conjunction with the design of the machine. If a seat restraint is to be effective in an overturn situation it must be in conjunction with a roll over protective structure (ROPS). A ROPS is a protective structure intended to provide the operator with a protective zone to reduce the risk of injury. Vehicles fitted with ROPS are fitted with seat restraints so that the operator remains within the protective zone. In 2009 the relevant standard was revised and required seat belt anchorage points if the sprayer was fitted with ROPS. However the standard, which was most recently revised in 2013, allows the manufacturer to choose how to reduce the risk of an overturn, or to mitigate the likelihood of injury in an overturn and ROPS is only one of the options”

    Source location

    Alan-DIMBLEBY-Response
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 March 2016

    Open published response
  9. Cumbria

    AI-generated summary

    Sgt Mark Colin Foley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sgt Mark Colin Foley died on 4 June 2014 after being ejected from a Land Rover that left the road and rolled over him. The substantive concerns were insufficient driver experience and a practice of vehicle commanders not wearing safety harnesses, together with failure by senior officers to enforce standing orders requiring their use.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of senior officers to enforce safety harness standing orders

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Although standing orders had been in place following a previous similar accident there was a practice among commanders of vehicles not to wear safety harnesses and failure to enforce such standing orders by senior officers. ”

    Source location

    Sgt Mark Colin Foley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Issue safety directions to commanding officers of units equipped with wheeled armoured vehicles.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As you are aware, on conclusion of the Land Accident Investigation Team investigation into Sgt Foley’s death, a letter was sent to the Commanding Officers of all units equipped with wheeled armoured vehicles highlighting a range of safety concerns and directing the adoption of a number of measures to improve safe operation. Evidence from training suggests that this direction is being followed by both the chain of command and the user, with a negligible number of related incidents reported. Linked to these changes in course content (including placing greater emphasis on the training of commanders) and training delivery, I am assured that the chain of command is meeting its responsibilities for the safe and effective operation of wheeled armoured vehicles.”

    Source location

    2015-0204-Response-by-Ministry-of-Defence
    Page 2 · response
    Published 1 June 2015

    Open published response
  10. South Lincolnshire

    AI-generated summary

    Charles Albert William Pierson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 24 December 2013, Charles Albert William Pierson was involved in a vehicle collision in a Tesco car park. His seat belt had a clip that inhibited its proper operation, and he sustained a fractured sternum that led to his death; the report noted that such clips remained available for sale and their use was not presently unlawful.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to prohibit use of seat-belt clips producing loose and ineffective seat belts

    Wider context from the report

    “Mr Pierson had one of these clips attached to his seat belt. This inhibited its effective operation and resulted in him sustaining the fractured sternum that led to his death. Whilst less common than they used to be these devices remain on sale and their use, to produce in effect, a loose and ineffective seat belt is not presently unlawful. ”

    Source location

    Charles Albert William Pierson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continued sale of seat-belt clips that produce loose and ineffective seat belts

    Wider context from the report

    “Mr Pierson had one of these clips attached to his seat belt. This inhibited its effective operation and resulted in him sustaining the fractured sternum that led to his death. Whilst less common than they used to be these devices remain on sale and their use, to produce in effect, a loose and ineffective seat belt is not presently unlawful. ”

    Source location

    Charles Albert William Pierson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026