PFD report

Adrian Brendan GALLAGHER · Prevention of Future Deaths report

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Issued 28 Dec 2023•Cheshire

Report record

Published report and response evidence

This page connects the concerns raised in this report with statements found in recipients’ published responses. A link shows a clear evidence connection; it does not assign responsibility.

View original report
Concerns
3

Raised in this report

Recipients
3

Named on the report

Responses found
3

Of 3 recipients

Stated actions
11

Described in responses

Source document

Full report text

This is the full text from the original published report.

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Concerns and recipient responses

Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

Report evidence summary

Concerns raised3

  1. Availability of suicide-assistance material online
    Part of recurring concern: Inadequate controls on access to online suicide-promoting content
  2. Failure to conduct age and identity checks before purchase
  3. Online sale of drugs for ending life
    Part of recurring concern: Inadequate safeguards for access to dangerous drugs
Responses linked to these concerns

Each statement is shown once, even when linked to more than one concern.

Actions described in response An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.8

  1. Action

    Work closely with Ofcom to accelerate implementation of the Online Safety Act framework.

    Stated by Department for Science, Innovation and TechnologyStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 11 January 2024.
  2. Action

    Work with other government departments to tackle vulnerable users’ access to harmful online content.

    Stated by Department for Science, Innovation and TechnologyStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 11 January 2024.
  3. Action

    Work closely with DSIT and Ofcom to support work addressing illegal and harmful online suicide and self-harm content.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 11 January 2024.

Respondent positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when it does not describe a specific action.2

  1. Position

    Ofcom and regulated online services are responsible for enforcing and meeting legal duties concerning illegal suicide content online.

    Stated by National Crime AgencyRedirects responsibilityThe respondent said that another organisation was responsible for deciding or taking action.

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Availability of suicide-assistance material online

Wider context from the report

“████████ is available to anyone to purchase online, directly from the company. The company appears to have some link to the UK as there is a UK helpline number. The ████████ appears to provide step by step instruction on how to end your life using certain methods, including how to make the death appear to be due to natural causes and therefore avoid referral to the coroner. Whilst the introduction suggests it is aimed at those who are elderly and long-term suffering, there is also reference to suicide for other reasons within the book and is likely to appear to vulnerable mental health patients. According to the evidence of the police officer, you can also buy drugs to end your life through this website. The only check on age and ID appears to be after a purchase, to allow you access to online forums where you can get further advice on best methods. The ████████ has been banned in Australia (and possibly other countries) as it is deemed to encourage/ assist in suicide. The ████████, in some format, is also available on Amazon (and I am writing to Amazon directly to flag this). ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Inadequate controls on access to online suicide-promoting content.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to conduct age and identity checks before purchase

Wider context from the report

“████████ is available to anyone to purchase online, directly from the company. The company appears to have some link to the UK as there is a UK helpline number. The ████████ appears to provide step by step instruction on how to end your life using certain methods, including how to make the death appear to be due to natural causes and therefore avoid referral to the coroner. Whilst the introduction suggests it is aimed at those who are elderly and long-term suffering, there is also reference to suicide for other reasons within the book and is likely to appear to vulnerable mental health patients. According to the evidence of the police officer, you can also buy drugs to end your life through this website. The only check on age and ID appears to be after a purchase, to allow you access to online forums where you can get further advice on best methods. The ████████ has been banned in Australia (and possibly other countries) as it is deemed to encourage/ assist in suicide. The ████████, in some format, is also available on Amazon (and I am writing to Amazon directly to flag this). ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Online sale of drugs for ending life

Wider context from the report

“████████ is available to anyone to purchase online, directly from the company. The company appears to have some link to the UK as there is a UK helpline number. The ████████ appears to provide step by step instruction on how to end your life using certain methods, including how to make the death appear to be due to natural causes and therefore avoid referral to the coroner. Whilst the introduction suggests it is aimed at those who are elderly and long-term suffering, there is also reference to suicide for other reasons within the book and is likely to appear to vulnerable mental health patients. According to the evidence of the police officer, you can also buy drugs to end your life through this website. The only check on age and ID appears to be after a purchase, to allow you access to online forums where you can get further advice on best methods. The ████████ has been banned in Australia (and possibly other countries) as it is deemed to encourage/ assist in suicide. The ████████, in some format, is also available on Amazon (and I am writing to Amazon directly to flag this). ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Inadequate safeguards for access to dangerous drugs.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Work closely with Ofcom to accelerate implementation of the Online Safety Act framework.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Every suicide is a tragedy, and my department is working with other departments to tackle the deeply concerning issue of vulnerable users gaining access to harmful content online, whether on services that are in scope of the act or otherwise. The act introduces much needed protections for users and we are working closely with Ofcom to ensure that the implementation of the framework is as quick as possible.”

Source location

Response from Department for Science, Innovation and Techonology
Page 2 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Work with other government departments to tackle vulnerable users’ access to harmful online content.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Every suicide is a tragedy, and my department is working with other departments to tackle the deeply concerning issue of vulnerable users gaining access to harmful content online, whether on services that are in scope of the act or otherwise. The act introduces much needed protections for users and we are working closely with Ofcom to ensure that the implementation of the framework is as quick as possible.”

Source location

Response from Department for Science, Innovation and Techonology
Page 2 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Work closely with DSIT and Ofcom to support work addressing illegal and harmful online suicide and self-harm content.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) will respond outlining how the Online Safety Act will address illegal and harmful self-harm and suicide content. The Department of Health and Social Care will continue to work closely with DSIT and Ofcom to support this work. We will also continue our support of programmes such as the Samaritans’ Online Excellence Programme, which provides support and guidance for some of the biggest online platforms.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 2 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Lead a cross-sector, cross-government working group that meets regularly to address emerging suicide methods and remain vigilant to new intelligence.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Department of Health and Social Care leads a cross-sector, cross-government working group to tackle emerging methods, working with those partners. As a result of this group, there are now very active actions in place to reduce awareness and limit access to methods of suicide, including the one used by Mr Gallagher. The group meets regularly and remains vigilant to any further methods that we receive intelligence on, and will not hesitate to act should it be required.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 1 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Seek to tackle suppliers of harmful substances intended for suicide at source.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Government is taking a leading role in tackling methods of suicide, collaborating with partners across the world in policy, law enforcement and society more broadly to limit access, and share research, evidence and lessons learned. This includes seeking to tackle at source the suppliers of harmful substances for the purposes of suicide.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 1 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Operate measures to reduce awareness of and limit access to suicide methods, including the method involved in the death.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Department of Health and Social Care leads a cross-sector, cross-government working group to tackle emerging methods, working with those partners. As a result of this group, there are now very active actions in place to reduce awareness and limit access to methods of suicide, including the one used by Mr Gallagher. The group meets regularly and remains vigilant to any further methods that we receive intelligence on, and will not hesitate to act should it be required.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 1 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Revisit discussions with online marketplaces about selling harmful publications, working with police and suicide prevention charities.

Verbatim wording from the response

“I welcome your decision to write to Amazon to flag these concerns. My officials continue to work with the police and suicide prevention charities to revisit the conversations they have had with online marketplaces on the sale of harmful publications. I would be interested to see a copy of Amazon’s response to you should they reply, to support those conversations.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 1 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Review measures to reduce harm from harmful suicide and self-harm publications, monitor their impact, and learn from relevant international examples.

Verbatim wording from the response

“We keep under constant review what the most appropriate actions are to take to reduce the harm caused by publications like the ████████. In doing this, we work closely with other government departments, charities and experts to review actions regularly and continue to monitor the impact. This includes learning lessons from international examples where these are relevant.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 1 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Ofcom and regulated online services are responsible for enforcing and meeting legal duties concerning illegal suicide content online.

Verbatim wording from the response

“As a result of your letter we have been engaging with Ofcom, the online safety regulator under the Online Safety Act, to scope out how we can work effectively together, within our respective roles, to combat illegal suicide content online. The NCA understands that Ofcom is in the process of consulting on its draft codes of practice and guidance that will explain the steps regulated online services will need to take to meet their legal duties under the Act to protect their users in the UK from this sort of content.”

Source location

Response from National Crime Agency
Page 1 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

DSIT is responsible for explaining how the Online Safety Act will address illegal and harmful suicide and self-harm content.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) will respond outlining how the Online Safety Act will address illegal and harmful self-harm and suicide content. The Department of Health and Social Care will continue to work closely with DSIT and Ofcom to support this work. We will also continue our support of programmes such as the Samaritans’ Online Excellence Programme, which provides support and guidance for some of the biggest online platforms.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 2 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Other statements in published responses

These actions and other statements could not be clearly connected to one concern in this report.

Recipient-stated actions An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.3

  1. 1

    Engage with Ofcom to scope effective collaboration against illegal suicide content online within respective roles.

    Stated by National Crime AgencyStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 11 January 2024.
  2. 2

    Collaborate internationally across policy, law enforcement and wider society to limit access to suicide methods and share relevant research, evidence and lessons.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 11 January 2024.
  3. 3

    Continue supporting the Samaritans’ Online Excellence Programme for major online platforms.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 11 January 2024.

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Engage with Ofcom to scope effective collaboration against illegal suicide content online within respective roles.

Verbatim wording from the response

“As a result of your letter we have been engaging with Ofcom, the online safety regulator under the Online Safety Act, to scope out how we can work effectively together, within our respective roles, to combat illegal suicide content online. The NCA understands that Ofcom is in the process of consulting on its draft codes of practice and guidance that will explain the steps regulated online services will need to take to meet their legal duties under the Act to protect their users in the UK from this sort of content.”

Source location

Response from National Crime Agency
Page 1 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Collaborate internationally across policy, law enforcement and wider society to limit access to suicide methods and share relevant research, evidence and lessons.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Government is taking a leading role in tackling methods of suicide, collaborating with partners across the world in policy, law enforcement and society more broadly to limit access, and share research, evidence and lessons learned. This includes seeking to tackle at source the suppliers of harmful substances for the purposes of suicide.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 1 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Continue supporting the Samaritans’ Online Excellence Programme for major online platforms.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) will respond outlining how the Online Safety Act will address illegal and harmful self-harm and suicide content. The Department of Health and Social Care will continue to work closely with DSIT and Ofcom to support this work. We will also continue our support of programmes such as the Samaritans’ Online Excellence Programme, which provides support and guidance for some of the biggest online platforms.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 2 · response
Published 11 January 2024

Open published response
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Information checked against the published report and official responses · Data reviewed 7 Sep 2026 · About data quality and limitations

Official responses located
3/3

Data last updated 7 September 2026