Recurring concern

Unsafe tractor and trailer coupling systems

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First reported 10 Jul 2015•Latest report 26 Nov 2024

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes dedicated failures of tractor-and-trailer coupling safety, including coupling or uncoupling procedures, engagement verification, foreign-object control, operator checks and safety features intended to prevent or respond to decoupling.

Not included

  • Excludes generic training, staffing, inspection or documentation deficiencies not explicitly tied to tractor-and-trailer coupling safety.
  • Excludes unrelated vehicle, equipment or bed-wheel locking failures.
  • Excludes general testing or operational failures that do not concern tractor-and-trailer coupling or decoupling.
Reports
4

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
7

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2015–2024

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
7

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency2
Health and Safety Executive2
3D Trans Limited1
Agricultural Engineers Association1
British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association1
Department for Transport1
Ministry of Defence1
National Farmers' Union (NFU)1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Derby and Derbyshire

    AI-generated summary

    Jon-Paul PRIGENT · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jon-Paul Prigent died on 30 July 2020 when a soil-laden trailer decoupled from its tractor, overturned, and compressed the car in which he was sitting, causing asphyxiation. The principal concerns were the absence of periodic independent testing for agricultural tractors and trailers, the lack of required safety features to prevent decoupling, and the risks posed by worn, overloaded, and unevenly loaded equipment used on public roads.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to require safety features preventing decoupling of tractors and trailers used on public roads

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Tractors and trailers driven on roads at below a speed of 25 miles per hour are not required to be fitted with safety features to prevent decoupling (e.g. a safety chain, or dual safe braking system). Therefore, if decoupling occurs there is nothing to prevent independent and uncontrolled travel of the trailer. 3. Basic hitch hook and ring coupling systems for tractors and trailers are very simple and convenient for ease and speed of coupling and use on farms but present clear risk when used on public roads without safety features to prevent decoupling. ”

    Source location

    Jon-Paul PRIGENT · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Educate members through magazines and events about daily safety checks, suitable equipment, braking systems, breakaway systems, hitch types and maintenance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The NFU regularly highlights the importance of tractor and trailer maintenance when communicating with its members. This is often done, for example, within the pages of the NFU's monthly magazines, British Farmer & Grower and Farming Wales. It is also done at various member events that are held throughout the year.”

    Source location

    Response from National Farmers Union
    Page 3 · response
    Published 28 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Instruct officials to examine further measures for ensuring the roadworthiness of tractors, trailers and coupling devices.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In view of your report, I will instruct my officials to examine what more could be done to ensure the roadworthiness of tractors, trailers and coupling devices. Additionally, to help promote good maintenance of agricultural vehicles I have asked my officials to investigate how best to raise awareness of the DVSA’s published guidance on maintaining roadworthiness and vehicle loading, as well as the existing voluntary trailer maintenance scheme. My officials will consider how best this information can be communicated to operators of agricultural vehicles.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 3 · response
    Published 28 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue monitoring the effectiveness of vehicle safety regulations to identify potential amendments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Department will continue to monitor the effectiveness of vehicle safety regulations to identify any potential amendments.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Transport
    Page 3 · response
    Published 28 November 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Secretary of State for Transport is responsible for deciding whether to amend legislation on agricultural tractor and trailer safety requirements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “While roadworthiness testing would go a long way to addressing the concerns identified in this case, the coroner’s report also identifies deficiencies in the current legislation around use of agricultural tractors and trailers on the road. The AEA and BAGMA would support changes to legislation, in particular to address the current lack of any requirement for either ‘Breakaway Failsafe’ trailer brakes or a secondary coupling (such as a safety chain) between the towed and towing vehicle, if the vehicles don’t exceed 40 km/h. Of course, any decision on amendments to legislation rests with the Secretary of State for Transport. However, the AEA and BAGMA stand ready to provide any advice required to inform that decision.”

    Source location

    Response from Agricultural Engineers Association and British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association
    Page 2 · response
    Published 28 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use of agricultural vehicles on public roads falls outside HSE’s workplace health and safety enforcement remit.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “HSE are Britain’s national regulator for workplace health and safety, this includes use of work equipment such as vehicles in the workplace, but would not routinely include use of vehicles on public roads.”

    Source location

    Response from HSE
    Page 1 · response
    Published 28 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Public-road vehicle testing, safety features and coupling requirements are matters for DVSA or other appropriate organisations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Periodic independent vehicle testing requirements specifically for tractors and trailers driven on the public road would be a matter for other organisations such as the DVSA to consider.”

    Source location

    Response from HSE
    Page 3 · response
    Published 28 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Dutyholders must assess agricultural machinery risks and implement reasonably practicable measures to control them.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Health and safety legislation currently requires farmers to take reasonably practicable measures to control significant risk. Using suitable vehicles within their design parameters reduces the likelihood of unsafe conditions.”

    Source location

    Response from HSE
    Page 4 · response
    Published 28 November 2024

    Open published response
  2. Cheshire

    AI-generated summary

    David Alan LYTH · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 30 November 2021, David Alan Lyth became trapped between two HGV trailers while coupling a new trailer, and his death was confirmed at hospital. The inquest concluded that he died from asphyxia after the trailers rolled away. The principal concern was the provision of regular and periodic training for all drivers on coupling and uncoupling procedures, following evidence of four rollaway incidents involving drivers at 3D Trans Ltd since 2020.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of regular and periodic training for all drivers in coupling and uncoupling procedures

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) I received evidence that since 2020, there have been four rollaway incidents involving drivers working for 3D Trans Ltd:- a. An incident causing damage to a fence between the 17th September 2020 and the 9th October 2020; b. An incident leading to the death of Mr Lyth on the 30th November 2021; c. An incident on the 15th November 2022; d. An incident on the 12th June 2023. I acknowledge that these incidents involve different circumstances and that only one resulted in a fatality. (2) I received evidence that following each of the incidents, refresher training was provided and various measures were put in place at the yard to physically prevent the vehicles or trailers rolling away. In addition to this, signage has been placed on the tractor and trailer units to serve as a reminder to drivers of the importance of securing the parking brakes on the tractor and trailer units. I have concerns regarding the provision of regular and periodic training for all drivers in respect of coupling and uncoupling procedures. ”

    Source location

    David Alan LYTH · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Strengthen driver training with quarterly coupling and uncoupling refreshers, procedure review, video learning, comprehension tests, and two-year record retention.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We can confirm that the company has now strengthened its training programme to ensure that all drivers receive quarterly refresher training against the company's coupling and uncoupling procedure, to include reviewing the written procedures, watching a video and completing a test to confirm their understanding. These records will be retained by the company for a minimum of two years.”

    Source location

    Response from 3D Trans
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Produce and provide industry-specific guidance on managing coupling and uncoupling risks for articulated vehicles.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To assist employers with that process, HSE produces extensive free guidance on managing risk, some of which is industry specific. For example, HSE worked closely with the haulage industry and other regulators to investigate the reasons for unintended vehicle movement and subsequently produced specific guidance in 2013, please see safe-coupling-guide.pdf. This guidance provides practical advice for employers to help them manage the risks of coupling and uncoupling articulated vehicles.”

    Source location

    Response from HSE
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Produce and provide cross-industry workplace transport guidance covering practical coupling and uncoupling safety measures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “HSE produced further guidance on transport safety in 2014; this guidance is aimed at all industries and also provides practical measures for coupling and uncoupling, please see Workplace transport safety - A guide to workplace transport safety (hse.gov.uk)”

    Source location

    Response from HSE
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The strengthened quarterly driver training programme is considered sufficient to address the report, so no additional action is proposed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We can confirm that the company has now strengthened its training programme to ensure that all drivers receive quarterly refresher training against the company's coupling and uncoupling procedure, to include reviewing the written procedures, watching a video and completing a test to confirm their understanding. These records will be retained by the company for a minimum of two years.”

    Source location

    Response from 3D Trans
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2023

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Employers are responsible for deciding refresher-training intervals based on risks specific to their businesses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of their consideration of risk in the business, employers should identify suitable risk controls and provide appropriate training and information to their employees to enable them to carry out their jobs safely, as well as an appropriate level of supervision/review to ensure that processes are followed consistently and that any issues are quickly identified and resolved. It is, for this reason, the employer’s responsibility to decide on the intervals for any refresher training. Whatever system the employer chooses to implement to manage risk, they should review it regularly to make sure it is up to date and still relevant.”

    Source location

    Response from HSE
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing training, monitoring and supervision measures for 3D Trans drivers are considered sufficient for safe coupling and uncoupling.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In relation to 3D Trans Ltd, HSE has conducted a further Inspection of the company since the inquest, and we are satisfied with the measures the company have put in place regarding training and monitoring and supervision for their drivers in respect of safe coupling and uncoupling procedures.”

    Source location

    Response from HSE
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 July 2023

    Open published response
  3. Cumbria

    AI-generated summary

    Miss Rebecca Alice QUALT · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Rebecca was killed when a trailer detached from a van and collided with her car on the A6 near Shap. The trailer coupling was not fully engaged because of a foreign object in the tow hitch, which could appear engaged on visual inspection. The report raised concerns about the absence of national guidance and the possibility that operators may not check couplers for foreign objects or ensure that the coupling is fully engaged.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to conduct Jockey Wheel tests to indicate coupling-head engagement

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There is a possibility that a foreign object may enter a tow hitch coupling. 2. This may cause the coupling not to be fully engaged. 3. This may not be apparent on visual inspection. 4. There appears to be no national guidance on inspections and checks. 5. Operators may not always ensure that the inside of a coupler is free from foreign objects. 6. Operators may not always ensure that whatever a towing mechanism is used, that it is fully engaged by way of a full visual inspection. 7. That conducting a Jockey Wheel test is a further indicator that the coupling head may not be engaged and operators may not be doing so. ”

    Source location

    Miss Rebecca Alice QUALT · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure full engagement of towing mechanisms through full visual inspection

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There is a possibility that a foreign object may enter a tow hitch coupling. 2. This may cause the coupling not to be fully engaged. 3. This may not be apparent on visual inspection. 4. There appears to be no national guidance on inspections and checks. 5. Operators may not always ensure that the inside of a coupler is free from foreign objects. 6. Operators may not always ensure that whatever a towing mechanism is used, that it is fully engaged by way of a full visual inspection. 7. That conducting a Jockey Wheel test is a further indicator that the coupling head may not be engaged and operators may not be doing so. ”

    Source location

    Miss Rebecca Alice QUALT · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Foreign objects in tow hitch couplings preventing apparent full engagement

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There is a possibility that a foreign object may enter a tow hitch coupling. 2. This may cause the coupling not to be fully engaged. 3. This may not be apparent on visual inspection. 4. There appears to be no national guidance on inspections and checks. 5. Operators may not always ensure that the inside of a coupler is free from foreign objects. 6. Operators may not always ensure that whatever a towing mechanism is used, that it is fully engaged by way of a full visual inspection. 7. That conducting a Jockey Wheel test is a further indicator that the coupling head may not be engaged and operators may not be doing so. ”

    Source location

    Miss Rebecca Alice QUALT · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure that coupler interiors are free from foreign objects

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There is a possibility that a foreign object may enter a tow hitch coupling. 2. This may cause the coupling not to be fully engaged. 3. This may not be apparent on visual inspection. 4. There appears to be no national guidance on inspections and checks. 5. Operators may not always ensure that the inside of a coupler is free from foreign objects. 6. Operators may not always ensure that whatever a towing mechanism is used, that it is fully engaged by way of a full visual inspection. 7. That conducting a Jockey Wheel test is a further indicator that the coupling head may not be engaged and operators may not be doing so. ”

    Source location

    Miss Rebecca Alice QUALT · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  4. Exeter and Greater Devon

    AI-generated summary

    Cameron William LAING · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Cameron William Laing, a soldier, was crushed between a military lorry and a 4-tonne trailer while attempting to reattach the trailer at Bracken Tor on 29 April 2014. The report raised concerns that soldiers did not understand how reconnecting the air line could release the trailer’s emergency brake, that alternative recovery methods were not taught, and that relevant training was not provided.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Incomplete training in trailer coupling and uncoupling procedures

    Wider context from the report

    “1. It was clear from the evidence, and reflected in the Juror' findings, that the Soldiers in Cameron's Packet were not aware that when the emergency brake locked on, upon depletion of air tanks on a kings Trailer, reconnection of the air (red line) would release the brakes once operating pressure was achieved. Thus would cause the trailer to move out of control if the hand brake was not applied. None of the witnesses who were trained to varying degrees understood this or the mechanism of brake action which was admittedly complicated. The Packet Commander was not fully trained in coupling and un-coupling procedures and relied on the Soldiers in her unit to advise her. This lack of understanding led to the accident that caused Cameron’s death. ”

    Source location

    Cameron William LAING · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve DROPS operator training for towing KINGS trailers and support it with step-by-step coupling and uncoupling video guidance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, the training package for DROPS operators qualified to tow the KINGS trailer was improved in order to reinforce the extant training objectives and is now supported by a video which details acceptable procedures step-by-step, covering all aspects of coupling and uncoupling the trailer, including the airlines, chocks and shunt”

    Source location

    2015-0268-Response-by-MOD
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2015

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026