Recurring concern

Unreliable monitoring of oxygen saturation during clinical care

Pin Get email alerts Request correction

First reported 4 Feb 2015•Latest report 21 Feb 2020

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures to initiate, perform, maintain or reliably use oxygen-saturation monitoring during clinical care, including paediatric oxygen blood monitoring and omitted or absent monitoring during hospital care.

Not included

  • Excludes failures of oxygen prescribing, supply, delivery or administration where oxygen-saturation monitoring is not the deficient control.
  • Excludes generic physiological-observation or clinical-record deficiencies unless they directly concern oxygen-saturation monitoring.
  • Excludes failures to act on an oxygen-saturation result after monitoring was reliably completed.
  • Excludes oxygen-equipment alarms or technical failures unless they directly prevent reliable oxygen-saturation monitoring.
Reports
5

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
7

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2015–2020

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
6

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Betsi Cadwaladr University LHB1
Circle Health Group Limited1
Department of Health and Social Care1
gtd healthcare1
Medway NHS Foundation Trust1
NHS Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly Integrated Care Board1
NHS England1
Royal College of General Practitioners1
Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Mid Kent and Medway

    AI-generated summary

    LUKE OWEN JACKSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Luke Owen Jackson, who had Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy and a chest infection, was admitted to hospital on 4 December 2019 and suffered a cardiac arrest on 6 December before being transferred to the Evelina Children’s Hospital. He later died on palliative care from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy following prolonged cardiac arrest. The principal concerns included recognition and treatment of total-body potassium depletion in a child with myopathy, and the limitations of monitoring oxygen saturation when assessing deterioration.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Oxygen-saturation monitoring failing to detect deterioration when oxygen levels do not deplete

    Wider context from the report

    “The Trust has taken action to address the conclusions of its Root Cause Analysis and has learned and disseminated lessons, improving its processes. This Report is made to assist learning in the public interest as evidence was heard from a consultant from a specialist children’s hospital that total body potassium depletion is not always recognised in children with myopathies who become unwell. They may present with diarrhoea and vomiting due to shunting of the blood away from the gut to protect vital organs such as the brain and heart. (1) Luke had complex needs and was awaiting results of genetic testing confirmed as Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy. He had not been eating and drinking, had loose stools and vomiting that had progressed over a five-day period in a background of a chest infection. His parents had sought and followed medical advice from the hospital by telephone. Luke continued to deteriorate, and he was admitted. The Trust took some steps on admission to address his low potassium. (2) Evidence was heard from a Consultant from the Evelina Children’s Hospital that they get almost 2000 referrals a year and many have diarrhoea and vomiting as a first symptom. Issues relating to metabolic derangement in a child with myopathies is not always recognised as total body potassium depletion and that treatment may need to be undertaken in intensive care due to the increased amounts of potassium required to correct the derangement and manage clinical risks: (i) Children with Myopathies - have low muscle mass that compromises their ability to correct their own potassium levels when unwell. (ii) Luke had a chest infection, however his low potassium made him weaker and as it progressed, he was shunting blood away from his gut to compensate (this assists to protect the vital organs such as the heart and brain) which resulted in loose stools and vomiting; this was not a consequence of gastroenteritis. One of the early symptoms of this shunting process is a high heart rate. (iii) A bolus of potassium and fluid resuscitation to treat gastroenteritis was not sufficient to treat total body potassium depletion which requires a central line with significant potassium replacement in intensive care to manage clinical risk. (iv) Development of a chest infection requires a child to breath harder and this becomes more difficult in a child with myopathies that is already weakened due to low potassium and will not present with the usual symptoms of respiratory distress. (v) As Luke was treated with oxygen therapy, the monitor alarm set for oxygen saturations did not sound as his oxygen did not deplete and he went into cardiac arrest ”

    Source location

    LUKE OWEN JACKSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update paediatric guidelines to strengthen recognition, senior assessment, monitoring and management of children with myopathies and hypokalaemia, including STRS contact indications.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has updated their Paediatric Guidelines (GUDPCM016) in response to patients with myopathies to reflect that:”

    Source location

    2021-0052-Response-from-Medway-Maritime-Hospital-Redacted
    Page 2 · response
    Published 1 March 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    NICE considers existing general guidance on assessment, monitoring, and altering care as indicated appropriate.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is the view of NICE that the current general guidance about assessment, monitoring, and altering care as indicated is appropriate.”

    Source location

    2021-0052-Response-from-Dept-of-Health-and-Social-Care-Redacted
    Page 2 · response
    Published 1 March 2021

    Open published response
  2. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly

    AI-generated summary

    Esmee Shayla Polmear · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Esmee Polmear fell ill during a school trip on 1 July 2015, later collapsed and went into cardiac arrest, and was pronounced dead in hospital despite resuscitation attempts. She had pulmonary veno-occlusive disease that was not diagnosed or recognised before her death; concerns included the use of respiratory-rate benchmarks and oxygen monitoring, and recognition and action on red-flag symptoms.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to routinely use oxygen blood monitoring in paediatric medicine

    Wider context from the report

    “At the inquest the Paediatric Expert, ████████ gave the opinion that • The routine use of respiratory rate bench-markers in paediatric respiratory medicine • The use of routine oxygen blood monitoring in paediatric medicine • The recognition and action on red flag markers (which in this case were shortness of breath, chest pain and blue lips) Would have assisted and improved the chances of diagnosis and treatment of Esmee and other children, with a view to preventing future deaths or providing appropriate treatment and palliative care in life limiting cases. ”

    Source location

    Esmee Shayla Polmear · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  3. North Wales (East and Central)

    AI-generated summary

    Kay Michelle Sheard · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kay Michelle Sheard underwent an outpatient procedure under sedation for removal of gall stones from the bile duct and subsequently suffered cardiorespiratory failure. The report raised concern that pulse oximeter alarm settings were routinely fixed at 85% without taking account of the individual patient’s normal oxygen saturation or the extent of a drop from that baseline.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to set pulse oximeter alarm levels to reflect individual patients’ baseline oxygen saturations

    Wider context from the report

    “During the procedure the Deceased’s oxygen saturations were being monitored by a pulse oximeter for which I was advised that the alarm settings are routinely set at 85%. However all evidence indicated that it was the actual level of reading which would be significant for a patient but rather the amount by which saturations had dropped from the patient’s normal base level. Notwithstanding this, the evidence indicated that this would not be taken into account when fixing an alarm setting level and I am therefore concerned that there exists a potential risk to patients which could be reduced or eliminated by ensuring that the alarm level correctly reflects the individual patient’s condition. ”

    Source location

    Kay Michelle Sheard · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Check pulse oximeter alarm settings across approximately 1,200 devices.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since receiving the report BCU has done a significant amount of work in reviewing device holdings, checking device settings, and scoping the Action Plan for an inventory of approximately 1200 devices of varying complexity across the Health Board.”

    Source location

    Kay-Sheard-Response
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 December 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Scope an action plan addressing pulse oximeter alarm-level safety.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since receiving the report BCU has done a significant amount of work in reviewing device holdings, checking device settings, and scoping the Action Plan for an inventory of approximately 1200 devices of varying complexity across the Health Board.”

    Source location

    Kay-Sheard-Response
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 December 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Raise pulse oximeter alarm-setting issues at Welsh and UK level through the MHRA.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A number of national and international bodies have produced guidelines on pulse oximetry. The Health Board has a significant amount of work to do on this issue, noting that pulse oximetry is used so widely, by so many different staff, in different clinical situations. However, our inquiries indicate that this issue also extends beyond the Health Board to the manufacturers, who install default alarm levels in their products, and the extent to which they support and facilitate user adjustment of alarm levels. Accordingly there are likely to be issues to be considered beyond BCU Health Board, and we will raise these both at Wales level, and at UK level through the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency).”

    Source location

    Kay-Sheard-Response
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 December 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Some pulse oximetry alarm-setting issues concern manufacturers and should be addressed through Wales- and UK-level channels, including the MHRA.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A number of national and international bodies have produced guidelines on pulse oximetry. The Health Board has a significant amount of work to do on this issue, noting that pulse oximetry is used so widely, by so many different staff, in different clinical situations. However, our inquiries indicate that this issue also extends beyond the Health Board to the manufacturers, who install default alarm levels in their products, and the extent to which they support and facilitate user adjustment of alarm levels. Accordingly there are likely to be issues to be considered beyond BCU Health Board, and we will raise these both at Wales level, and at UK level through the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency).”

    Source location

    Kay-Sheard-Response
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 December 2015

    Open published response
  4. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Amanda Jane Ellams · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Amanda Jane Ellams died approximately four days after surgery to repair an incisional hernia in February 2015. The concerns included inadequate medical and nursing record-keeping, incomplete pre-operative medical information, discharge despite low oxygen saturations and inadequate oxygen monitoring, and three unanswered calls to the out-of-hours District Nursing telephone service during the night of her death.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to adequately record and monitor blood oxygen levels

    Wider context from the report

    “2. The Alexandra Hospital Staff Nurse conceded that Mrs Ellams was discharged from hospital even though it is now clear that her oxygen saturations were still too low for such discharge to take place. There was what appeared to be a very lax attitude to recording and monitoring the Blood/Oxygen levels and the patient was allowed to disconnect her oxygen supply and walk out of the ward to go for a cigarette. (BMI Healthcare) ”

    Source location

    Amanda Jane Ellams · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Maintain and use a hospital-wide documentation standards audit, recording variances and sharing results through peer review.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. From June 2015 a new documentation standards audit has been established. The audit is completed by nursing staff and any variances, omissions or errors are recorded and the results shared through a peer review to ensure learning is shared and improvements made, where identified.”

    Source location

    2015-0312-Response-Alexandra-Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 August 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Notify relevant nursing staff that notes must record observations taken after patients are removed from oxygen.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. During September 2015 all relevant nursing staff will be notified that nursing notes should always include a record of observations taken after patients have been taken off oxygen.”

    Source location

    2015-0312-Response-Alexandra-Hospital
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 August 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Oxygen saturation readings of 90–92% were generally considered adequate for a patient who smoked, although the 89% reading was not adequately documented.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The consultant confirmed during the hearing that the patient’s oxygen saturation readings of 90-92% would generally be adequate in view of her cigarette smoking and the recorded oxygen saturation level was 89% on the morning of discharge when the nurse decided to commence oxygen. It is unsatisfactory that information regarding the patient’s oxygen saturation level prior to discharge was not recorded. The consultant and the nurse accept that all actions and decisions taken must be clearly documented in the patient record.”

    Source location

    2015-0312-Response-Alexandra-Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 August 2015

    Open published response
  5. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Paul Moroney · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Paul Moroney attended Tameside Hospital by ambulance on 27 August 2014 with worsening breathing and concern about a blood clot, was discharged with arrangements to return the following day, and later required a second emergency ambulance. Concerns included the lack of monitoring or recording of his oxygen saturations, discontinuation of oxygen before discharge without monitoring, and the absence of previous oxygen-level records when he was readmitted.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to monitor oxygen saturations before discharge after oxygen therapy

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Having been put on oxygen in the hospital, this was discontinued and he was sent home without his Oxygen saturations being monitored ”

    Source location

    Paul Moroney · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to record oxygen saturations during hospital care

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Whilst at the hospital on the first occasion, no oxygen saturations were monitored or recorded ”

    Source location

    Paul Moroney · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to monitor oxygen saturations during hospital care

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Whilst at the hospital on the first occasion, no oxygen saturations were monitored or recorded ”

    Source location

    Paul Moroney · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Oxygen saturations were monitored and recorded during the hospital attendance, contrary to the concern that they were not.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Whilst at the hospital on the first occasion, no oxygen saturations were monitored or recorded.”

    Source location

    2015-0043-Response-by-Tameside-Hospital-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 4 February 2015

    Open published response
Back to top

Data last updated 7 September 2026