Recurring concern

Inconsistent and unclear prescribing guidance

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First reported 14 Mar 2018•Latest report 3 Sep 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in guidance, lists, alerts, policies or decision criteria specifically governing prescribing when they create inconsistent requirements, unclear responsibilities or uncertainty about safe prescribing decisions across services or settings.

Not included

  • Excludes unsafe prescribing decisions where the applicable guidance is clear and the failure is only in clinical judgement or compliance.
  • Excludes guidance for a separately named medication, condition or specialist process when that named concern provides the more specific supported boundary.
  • Excludes generic clinical-policy updating, training or communication deficiencies that are not specifically tied to clarity or consistency of prescribing guidance.
  • Excludes pharmacy-operational guidance concerning dispensing or pharmacy practice where prescribing guidance is not the unsafe condition.
Reports
8

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
8

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2018–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
15

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care4
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency2
NHS England2
NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board2
Alliance Pharmaceuticals Limited1
Barts Health NHS Trust1
Bayer plc1
Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust1
Care Quality Commission1
East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust1
Farnham Park Health Group1
General Medical Council1
Greater Manchester Combined Authority1
Heaton Moor Medical Group1
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. South Wales Central

    AI-generated summary

    Peter Malcolm THOMAS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Peter Malcolm Thomas, aged 78, was admitted with a serious infection and delirium after collapsing, but was treated under the CIWA protocol after giving an erroneous account of alcohol use. He received 80 mg of diazepam over six hours, did not regain consciousness after antidote treatment, and died from bronchopneumonia associated with osteomyelitis and peripheral vascular disease. The principal concerns were that CIWA may not account adequately for age, delirium, confusion, metabolic differences, or lack of collateral information, and that its use could result in unnecessary high-dose sedation and future deaths.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of guidance preventing CIWA-based prescribing of unnecessary sedatives at significant dose and frequency

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) Clinicians without further guidance on its use, will continue to be at risk of implementing the CIWA protocol and prescribing sedatives at significant dose and frequency when it is not required, which presents risks of over-sedation and its consequences, particularly in the elderly and potentially delirious cohort, based upon pattern recognition rather than reliable evidence ”

    Source location

    Peter Malcolm THOMAS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the alcohol-withdrawal guidance topic and conclude that an update should be considered.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The prioritisation board has previously considered the topic of alcohol withdrawal, and considering the volume of new evidence in this area, and the time since our guidance on this topic area was originally published, the board concluded that an update should be considered.”

    Source location

    Response from National Institution for Health and Care Excellence
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reconsider the alcohol-withdrawal guidance, including CIWA-Ar and pharmacological treatment, at the February–March 2026 prioritisation board meeting.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In the case of the CIWA-Ar scale, this protocol was not produced by NICE, and so we are unable to amend it, but it is appropriate for us to consider whether it is still relevant for NICE to recommend its use as an assessment and monitoring tool in our guidance.”

    Source location

    Response from National Institution for Health and Care Excellence
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Individual clinicians retain responsibility for treatment decisions and applying guidance appropriately to each patient’s circumstances.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As background regarding the status of NICE guidelines, it is important to note that the recommendations in our guidelines represent the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, health professionals and practitioners are expected to take NICE guidelines fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or the people using their service. It is not mandatory for the NHS to apply the recommendations, and the guideline does not override the responsibility for clinicians to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual, in consultation with them (and their families and carers or guardian where appropriate).”

    Source location

    Response from National Institution for Health and Care Excellence
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 September 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    NICE cannot amend the CIWA-Ar protocol because it was not produced by NICE.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In the case of the CIWA-Ar scale, this protocol was not produced by NICE, and so we are unable to amend it, but it is appropriate for us to consider whether it is still relevant for NICE to recommend its use as an assessment and monitoring tool in our guidance.”

    Source location

    Response from National Institution for Health and Care Excellence
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 September 2025

    Open published response
  2. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Matthew John Evans · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Matthew John Evans was a 47-year-old man who developed insomnia, anxiety and depression during the third COVID-19 lockdown and died on 16 June 2021 after ending his life. The principal concerns related to the GP’s lack of mental-health assessment, suicide-risk assessment, follow-up and consideration of referral; the general practice’s prescribing, communication and clinical-governance arrangements; and TalkPlus’s lack of clear guidance on referral to secondary mental-health services.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of prescribing policy for Mirtazapine, antidepressants and anxiolytics

    Wider context from the report

    “2. The actions of the General Practice No policy was provided to assist GP’s with prescribing of Mirtazapine and antidepressants and anxiolytics in general practice. There is no confirmation electronic letters have been signed as read and acted upon by the relevant GP. No evidence was provided with regard to ongoing training in mental health for GP’s. Matthew’s death was not investigated or reviewed by the GP practice with the consequence no learning points have been considered or, if necessary, changes implemented, giving rise to concern over the lack of robust clinical governance procedure within the practice. ”

    Source location

    Matthew John Evans · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update the local formulary to highlight national guidance on increased suicidal behaviour risk after antidepressant initiation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Across Frimley there is an evidence-based formulary the production of which is supported by a multidisciplinary team and this details prescribing practices that are routinely used in the area. After reviewing this case, we have considered that although there are also a number of national publications that highlight the increased risk of suicidal behaviour for a patient initiated on antidepressants (for example, the BNF, MHRA and NICE) the risks should be further highlighted on the local formulary. Action will be taken to ensure that the local formulary highlights the national guidance more acutely, in addition to the currently available information. Furthermore, the development of a point of prescribing alert will be undertaken to ensure that prescribers are reminded about the national guidance relating to potential increased risk in young people.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Firmley
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop a point-of-prescribing alert reminding prescribers about national guidance on increased risk in young people.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Across Frimley there is an evidence-based formulary the production of which is supported by a multidisciplinary team and this details prescribing practices that are routinely used in the area. After reviewing this case, we have considered that although there are also a number of national publications that highlight the increased risk of suicidal behaviour for a patient initiated on antidepressants (for example, the BNF, MHRA and NICE) the risks should be further highlighted on the local formulary. Action will be taken to ensure that the local formulary highlights the national guidance more acutely, in addition to the currently available information. Furthermore, the development of a point of prescribing alert will be undertaken to ensure that prescribers are reminded about the national guidance relating to potential increased risk in young people.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Firmley
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Circulate NICE prescribing, treatment and patient-information guidance, CCG guidance, and Frimley ICS medicines-optimisation guidance to all clinicians.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “36. The Practice repeats and relies upon the response at paragraph 30 above.”

    Source location

    Response from Farnham Practice
    Page 4 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing NICE, Clinical Knowledge Summaries, BNF, GP training and continuing professional development sufficiently support depression assessment and prescribing without a separate policy.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “a) No policy was provided to assist GP’s with prescribing of Mirtazapine and antidepressants and anxiolytics in general practice”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 4 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The circumstances were a specific case, not widespread poor care, and the care provided was not unsafe.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are satisfied, at this point, that the circumstances surrounding Mr Evans’ death were a specific case and not indicative of widespread poor care on the part of the provider. Whilst we have concluded that improvements could have been made in the care and treatment provided to Mr Evans, this was not unsafe. We are pleased to see the provider has identified areas of improvement in its care and treatment, and we are assured that the actions taken will protect others using the service from harm. At this stage we have decided not to instigate any further action. However, we will continue to regularly monitor the provider and, where”

    Source location

    Response from Care Quality Commisson
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    No further action is currently considered necessary because the provider’s actions are expected to protect service users from harm.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are satisfied, at this point, that the circumstances surrounding Mr Evans’ death were a specific case and not indicative of widespread poor care on the part of the provider. Whilst we have concluded that improvements could have been made in the care and treatment provided to Mr Evans, this was not unsafe. We are pleased to see the provider has identified areas of improvement in its care and treatment, and we are assured that the actions taken will protect others using the service from harm. At this stage we have decided not to instigate any further action. However, we will continue to regularly monitor the provider and, where”

    Source location

    Response from Care Quality Commisson
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing clinical guidance, professional standards, revalidation and training arrangements are considered sufficient to support appropriate prescribing and diagnosis.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As noted by NHS England, there are several educational resources and guidance documents relating to the assessment and treatment of depression that are regularly reviewed and accessible to clinicians. These include National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance, which details possible adverse effects of prescribing mirtazapine, Clinical Knowledge Summaries and the British National Formulary.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Prescribing decisions are assigned to the responsible clinician, who must consider the patient’s needs, guidance and local commissioning decisions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “You also raised concerns about the lack of policy to assist GPs with prescribing Mirtazapine, antidepressants and anxiolytics. The decision to prescribe a particular drug is a clinical one and should be based on the patient’s medical needs. Decisions about what medicines to prescribe are made by the doctor or healthcare professional responsible for that part of the patient’s care and prescribers are accountable for their prescribing decisions, both professionally and to their service commissioners. It is for the GP or other responsible clinician to work with their patient and decide on the course of treatment, with the provision of the most appropriate care for the individual always being the primary consideration.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The concerns do not indicate that the doctor poses a patient risk or undermines public confidence in doctors.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The AR is assured that the matters contained in your complaint do not raise concerns that ████████ poses either a risk to patients or undermines the public’s confidence in doctors. Although we do not need to investigate further, we will share your concerns with the doctor’s responsible officer and ask the doctor to discuss it with their appraiser as part of their revalidation.”

    Source location

    Response from General Medical Council(2)
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    No further investigation is considered necessary, although the concerns will be shared for discussion during revalidation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The AR is assured that the matters contained in your complaint do not raise concerns that ████████ poses either a risk to patients or undermines the public’s confidence in doctors. Although we do not need to investigate further, we will share your concerns with the doctor’s responsible officer and ask the doctor to discuss it with their appraiser as part of their revalidation.”

    Source location

    Response from General Medical Council(2)
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Practice relied on NICE recommendations, BNF information and NICE CKS guidance despite there being no specific CCG prescribing guideline.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “No policy was provided to assist GP’s with prescribing of ████████ antidepressants and anxiolytics in general practice.”

    Source location

    Response from Farnham Practice
    Page 4 · response
    Published 19 May 2022

    Open published response
  3. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Michelle Jeffries · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Michelle Jeffries had a complex medical history involving chronic, debilitating pain and had been prescribed large quantities of analgesic medication, including opiates. The report raised concern about the absence of local guidance on safely overseeing high-dose multiple analgesic prescriptions in the community and on when referral to a pain specialist should be required.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of local guidance on safe GP oversight of high-dose multiple analgesic prescribing in the community

    Wider context from the report

    “It is a matter of concern that there is an absence of local guidance as to: 1. The circumstances in which GPs can safely oversee the prescription of multiple analgesics at high doses in the community, attempting to reduce reliance on such medication as indicated; and 2. When referral to a pain specialist is mandated. ”

    Source location

    Michelle Jeffries · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide high-risk medication review support through Medicines Optimisation processes and practice-based pharmacists conducting structured medication reviews.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Point 1 – the circumstances in which GP’s can safely oversee the prescription of multiple analgesics in high doses in the community, attempting to reduce reliance on such medications as indicated. The Trafford CCG Medicines Optimisation team support prescribers with many aspects of prescribing including repeat prescribing to ensure robust and safe processes for managing patients repeat medication are in place. Included as part of this are systems for reviewing patients on “high risk” medication, which supports prescribers to ensure that patients on these medicines have regular medication reviews, including blood and physical healthcare monitoring. All practices in Trafford now have a practice based pharmacist working with them and as part of their work they undertake structured medication reviews.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Greater Manchester
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 November 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review Trafford’s repeat-prescribing guidance, with completion scheduled by 31 March 2022.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Pain management and NICE guidance have previously been discussed at Trafford local GP Education sessions, held quarterly. Please see documents attached below for further information on the Trafford CCG local guidance on Repeat Prescribing as well the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance in relation to assessing and managing chronic pain in the over 16’s. The Repeat Prescribing guidance is currently under review and will be complete by 31st March 2022.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Greater Manchester
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 November 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ask Greater Manchester CCGs to report through the Quality Board on reducing overprescribing, including analgesia, and supporting implementation of DHSC guidance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4. CCGs across Greater Manchester will be asked to provide through Quality Board, a report on how they are reducing overprescribing, including analgesia and support the implementation of “Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) guidance; Good For You, Good For Us, Good for Everybody - A plan to reduce overprescribing to make patient care better and safer, support the NHS, and reduce carbon emissions.””

    Source location

    Response from NHS Greater Manchester
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 November 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide every Trafford practice with a practice-based pharmacist to undertake structured medication reviews.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “All practices in Trafford now have a practice based pharmacist working with them and as part of their work they undertake structured medication reviews. The CCG Medicines Optimisation Team and practice based teams have been working together to prioritise patients requiring a medication review, with patients on high doses or multiple analgesia being highlighted.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Trafford Clinical Commissioning Group
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 November 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Prioritise patients taking high doses or multiple analgesics for structured medication review through collaboration between medicines optimisation and practice-based teams.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “All practices in Trafford now have a practice based pharmacist working with them and as part of their work they undertake structured medication reviews. The CCG Medicines Optimisation Team and practice based teams have been working together to prioritise patients requiring a medication review, with patients on high doses or multiple analgesia being highlighted.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Trafford Clinical Commissioning Group
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 November 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete the review of Trafford’s repeat-prescribing guidance by 31 March 2022.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Pain management and NICE guidance have previously been a topic at our local GP Education sessions, held quarterly. Please see documents attached below for further information on the Trafford CCG local guidance on Repeat Prescribing as well the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance in relation to assessing and managing chronic pain in the over 16’s. The Repeat Prescribing guidance is currently under review and will be complete by 31st March 2022.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Trafford Clinical Commissioning Group
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 November 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Disseminate the case’s prescribing risks, clinical guidance and available chronic-pain resources to Trafford primary-care staff through the Practice Briefing.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Fortunately the culture in pain management is changing with patients being offered non-pharmacological help and support, in preference, to manage their long term condition rather than medicines to try to “kill the pain”. This report gives us a real example to use in reminding all GPs in Trafford about those risks, what clinicians should be considering in terms of guidance and the resources available to support clinicians in the management of patients with chronic pain. We have therefore included this in our “Practice Briefing”; an email update which is sent out to over 400 Primary Care staff in Trafford twice a week. The information in the briefing also includes a link to the guidance documents we have shared with you above.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Trafford Clinical Commissioning Group
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 November 2021

    Open published response
  4. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    June Patricia Margaret PARLOUR · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    June Parlour was an inpatient with disseminated terminal cancer when she received morphine doses exceeding national and hospital guidelines. Her condition deteriorated, and she later died of opiate toxicity; the overdose significantly hastened her death. Concerns included staff awareness of morphine guidance, inaccurate hospital guidance and incident reporting, education and auditing for doctors, unclear prescribing instructions, and communication and escalation failures between staff.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Drug chart design failing to provide clear titration instructions for one-off IV morphine doses

    Wider context from the report

    “5) I was concerned that this incident arose as a result of a doctor and a nurse failing to understanding each other, and the nurse subsequently feeling that she had no choice but to administer an IV dose that she believed to be dangerous, and in particular that: a) The drug charts design did not facilitate clear instructions for titration for one-off doses of IV morphine. b) The nurse did not feel confident enough to challenge the prescription (as she perceived it) effectively or escalate / refer to another doctor. ”

    Source location

    June Patricia Margaret PARLOUR · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Roll out the approved Morphine Prescription sticker across inpatient prescription charts and audit its use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Through a QI process we have developed and approved a new Morphine Prescription sticker for use on prescription charts across all inpatient areas. These are currently out to printers, with a planned roll out programme to take place in December 2020. To close the loop on the QI process this will be subject to audit by the Acute Pain Team.”

    Source location

    2020-0186-Response-from-East-Suffolk-and-North-Essex_Redacted.pdf
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 November 2020

    Open published response
  5. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Kenneth John Daly · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kenneth John Daly, who had chronic pain and anxiety and was prescribed multiple medications, was found dead at home on 4 December 2018. The inquest concluded that his death was drug related, involving multi-drug toxicity, after he overdosed on Morphine, Dihydrocodeine and Codeine alongside Pregabalin and benzodiazepine medication. Concerns included unclear guidance about using multiple opioid medications together and the absence of tailored written advice for Mr Daly.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unclear prescribing advice for concurrent pain-relieving medications

    Wider context from the report

    “1) In oral evidence, the Consultant stated that no other opioids were to be taken once Morphine Sulphate and Co-Codamol had been prescribed but that prescribing of Pregabalin could continue. She set out her advice in a letter to Mr Daly’s GP dated 11 July 2018. The letter clearly stated that Fentanyl and Tapentadol should be stopped and Morphine sulphate (MST) 60mg started. The advice regarding the prescribing of pain relieving medications other than Fentanyl and Tapentadol is less clear. In relation to Dihydrocodeine and Tramadol it is stated that “He can continue using the Dihydrocodeine and very rarely Tramadol until he sees you for his next prescription. Together with the MST, I would recommend to allow him Co-Codamol 30/500mg 2 tablets up to four times a day...”. Following receipt of the letter, Tramadol and Dihydrocodeine continued to be issued by the GP practice albeit at lower quantities than previously prescribed. The GP did not seek any further guidance regarding the advice given in the letter of 11 July 2018 from the Consultant. 2) Mr Daly was a patient that was known to adjust his pain medication without seeking guidance from his GP. Whilst Mr Daly was copied in to the letter sent to his GP on 11 July 2018, he was not given any written guidance regarding his pain relief and the use of other medications (such as benzodiazepines) that was tailored to his needs as a patient. Specifically, he was not given any written advice regarding the risks of using multiple opioid medications in combination. ”

    Source location

    Kenneth John Daly · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
  6. Manchester North

    AI-generated summary

    Ian Paul Wolstenholme · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ian Paul Wolstenholme was found collapsed at home on 17 December 2017 and died later that day. The medical cause of death was combined drug toxicity, with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus also contributing. The report raised concern about the lack of guidance for prescribing highly addictive and potentially harmful drugs together, particularly in cases of polypharmacy.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of guidance for clinicians on prescribing highly addictive and potentially harmful drugs alongside one another

    Wider context from the report

    “1. During the course of the evidence, it became apparent that there is no guidance – national or otherwise - available to Clinicians such as GPs, Hospital doctors etc. on the how best to approach the prescribing of highly addictive and potentially very harmful drugs alongside one another. In this case, the deceased had been legitimately prescribed three different types of neuropathic analgesia (including Pregabalin), alongside other opiate based medications. Whilst such drugs are almost always prescribed for very good clinical reason/s, this type of polypharmacy gives rise to the potential risk of serious harm/death. I believe that guidance would help to prevent future deaths from combined drug toxicity. ”

    Source location

    Ian Paul Wolstenholme · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review opioid medicines product information and seek expert advice on benefit-risk and regulatory recommendations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “You will be interested to note that the MHRA is currently undertaking a review of the product information for all opioid medicines and will be seeking the advice of an Expert Working Group of the Commission on Human Medicines. The Expert Working Group will consider the benefit risk of opioid-containing medicines and make recommendations for regulatory action to better support appropriate use of prescription opioids, including educational initiatives to ensure awareness of risks for both patients and healthcare professionals.”

    Source location

    2018-0272-Response-by-Department-of-Health
    Page 2 · response
    Published 30 October 2018

    Open published response
  7. West Yorkshire (Western)

    AI-generated summary

    Brian Leonard Bicat · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Brian Leonard Bicat sustained severe burns at home on 22 September 2017 when his dressing gown caught fire while he was smoking a cigarette. He died later that day from his extensive cutaneous burns, with evidence indicating that paraffin-based emollient creams and ointments increased the speed and intensity of the fire. The principal concerns were that low-paraffin emollients may pose a fire hazard, that warnings were not displayed consistently on packaging or communicated by healthcare professionals, and that related prescribing alerts and incident data were inconsistent or incomplete.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inconsistent fire-risk alerts and warnings across NHS prescribing systems

    Wider context from the report

    “The NHS prescribing systems (system One and Optimise) appear to be updated by individual CCG’s resulting inconsistent alerts and warnings. ”

    Source location

    Brian Leonard Bicat · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Create a SystmOne alert identifying patients at risk when emollient treatment is entered in the clinical record.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5. An alert has been created on our clinical records system, SystmOne. This is an electronic icon indicating that a patient is at risk when emollient is entered into the clinical record.”

    Source location

    2018-0277-Response-by-Bradford-District-Care-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 30 October 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Other recipients of the report will address concerns about healthcare warnings, prescribing systems, incident data and fire-safety training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Bayer's response to items 1-5 is provided below. We understand that other recipients of the Report will address items 6-12.”

    Source location

    2018-0277-Response-by-Alliance-Pharmaceuticals-and-Bayer
    Page 4 · response
    Published 30 October 2018

    Open published response
  8. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Peter STOJILJKOVIC · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Peter Stojiljkovic was discharged from hospital on 9 June 2017 after being prescribed melatonin and was later found suspended by a ligature at his home on 22 July 2017. The concerns included poor communication between the hospital, GP and Peter about community prescribing, differing prescribing policies, the complexity of prescribing guidance, and the possibility that he would need to obtain melatonin from unlicensed sources. There was also no evidence of communication with the GP before discharge to support a smooth transition into the community.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of consistent and clear prescribing guidance across local and national lists

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Whilst an in-patient the deceased was prescribed a drug melatonin that was on the Stockport CCG blacklist although not on all GM CCG blacklists. It was unclear why Stockport CCG took a different approach to other CCGs 3. The inquest heard that GPs are faced with a mixture of lists regarding prescribing. National and local. This results in GPs having to negotiate through a complex system when prescribing where there are grey areas that create uncertainty. ”

    Source location

    Peter STOJILJKOVIC · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing CCG and Greater Manchester medication lists have the same interpretation, and practices may appropriately work with either list.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Melatonin is on both the CCG and the GM restricted lists currently, and CCGs across Greater Manchester aim to have consistent lists as far as possible. Although worded differently the interpretation would be the same in this case. We have not tracked the position of the GM list at the time of the incident, and accept that they may not have been consistent at that time. I acknowledge your point about the difficulties that practices face in navigating through the various different lists, for this reason, as long as a practice works with one of the lists, we would support them in their decision.”

    Source location

    2018-0077-Response-by-NHS-England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 16 June 2018

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026