Recurring concern

Unreliable management of patients returning to emergency departments soon after discharge

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First reported 2 May 2019•Latest report 28 Jun 2023

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in the dedicated process for managing patients who return to an emergency department soon after discharge, including timely assessment, consultant or appropriately senior review, consistent decisions about observation or admission, escalation of abnormal findings and coordination across paediatric or other relevant emergency services.

Not included

  • Excludes general emergency-department waiting-time, triage, admission or medical-review failures when the patient has not returned soon after discharge.
  • Excludes failures in treatment, follow-up or discharge planning after the return episode has been safely assessed and managed.
  • Excludes generic staffing, communication or documentation deficiencies unless they directly impair management of a short-interval emergency-department return.
  • Excludes routine planned returns or outpatient attendances that are not unscheduled returns requiring reassessment after recent discharge.
  • Do not duplicate the broader existing concern concerning timely medical review of emergency-department patients where the assertion lacks the short-interval return-after-discharge qualifier.
Reports
4

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
4

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2019–2023

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
5

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Care Quality Commission1
Department of Health and Social Care1
DHU 111 (East Midlands) CIC1
Family of Alexander Davidson1
George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust1
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence1
NHS England1
NHS Pathways1
North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust1
Roundwood Surgery1
Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Birmingham and Solihull

    AI-generated summary

    Hilary THOMAS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Hilary THOMAS attended hospital with abdominal pain on 28 and 29 October 2022, then reattended on 30 October in a shocked and profoundly unwell state. She underwent emergency surgery for ischaemic bowel caused by adhesions but died on 31 October 2022. The principal concerns were delayed review of blood test results, failure to escalate her case for consultant review, and delay in arranging a CT scan.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to escalate eligible emergency department patients for consultant review

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Mrs Thomas reattended hospital with severe pain, was over age 70 and an unscheduled return within 72 hours. The Doctor should have considered and followed national guidance from the Royal College of Emergency medicine published in June 2016 (consultant sign off) which confirmed Mrs Thomas should have been reviewed by a consultant. Mrs Thomas was not escalated for consultant review. There was no evidence at the inquest that this guidance has been adopted by the Trust nor that staff are aware of it and have been trained on it. ”

    Source location

    Hilary THOMAS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement a policy empowering any multiprofessional team member to escalate delayed assessment or transfer to the consultant on call.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has therefore implemented a new policy developed by the Clinical Service Leads for EGS and ED, alongside a programme of education (from August 2023) in which any member of the multi-professional team are invited to escalate concerns regarding delayed assessment, or delayed transfer of patients to SAU, to the consultant on call. This will be enhanced by a communication strategy that will include direct teaching and laminated posters displayed in acute surgical areas at all acute sites (by 31 October 2023). This communication will emphasise the importance of this action for patient safety and will not be a punitive action.”

    Source location

    Response University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver an education programme on escalation for delayed assessment or transfer from August 2023.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has therefore implemented a new policy developed by the Clinical Service Leads for EGS and ED, alongside a programme of education (from August 2023) in which any member of the multi-professional team are invited to escalate concerns regarding delayed assessment, or delayed transfer of patients to SAU, to the consultant on call. This will be enhanced by a communication strategy that will include direct teaching and laminated posters displayed in acute surgical areas at all acute sites (by 31 October 2023). This communication will emphasise the importance of this action for patient safety and will not be a punitive action.”

    Source location

    Response University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver direct teaching and display laminated posters in acute surgical areas at all acute sites by 31 October 2023.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has therefore implemented a new policy developed by the Clinical Service Leads for EGS and ED, alongside a programme of education (from August 2023) in which any member of the multi-professional team are invited to escalate concerns regarding delayed assessment, or delayed transfer of patients to SAU, to the consultant on call. This will be enhanced by a communication strategy that will include direct teaching and laminated posters displayed in acute surgical areas at all acute sites (by 31 October 2023). This communication will emphasise the importance of this action for patient safety and will not be a punitive action.”

    Source location

    Response University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Responsibility for addressing emergency department patient volume rests with the Department of Health and Social Care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This area of concern is for the Department of Health and Social Care however we acknowledge that there has been a significant increase in demand for assessment by the Emergency General Surgery (EGS) Service at UHB. This was the service to which Mrs Thomas was appropriately referred by the Emergency Department. In this case failure of assessment and escalation occurred after this referral. She was seen by the EGS service at 11:30am by an experienced Specialist Registrar (SpR) who was in the 7th Year of specialist training (ST7). When that SpR returned at 20:00 Mrs Thomas, after waiting for so long, had taken her own discharge. We acknowledge that Mrs Thomas had to wait far too long and that this was a failure of the EGS service.”

    Source location

    Response University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response
  2. Warwickshire

    AI-generated summary

    Carol Ann Welch · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Carol Ann Welch became unwell with symptoms initially diagnosed as migraine, returned to the emergency department with changed symptoms, and was discharged without further investigation. She suffered a cardiac arrest on 30 April 2022 and died on 1 May 2022 after an undiagnosed cerebral aneurysm and subsequent spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Concerns included failure to investigate possible neurological findings, failure to follow guidance on consultant review after an unexpected return within 72 hours, and uncertainty about how relevant learning and guidance would be embedded, assessed and communicated across the medical team.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of familiarity with guidance requiring consultant discussion of unexpected returns within 72 hours

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The subsequent investigation by GEH highlighted two areas which needed addressing: • The need to raise awareness of subarachnoid haemorrhage masquerading as a migraine and the need to investigate possible neurological findings. This had been done by means of discussions in meetings and a poster displayed in a staff area. • Doctors were not familiar with the Royal College Guidance that there is a need to discuss with a consultant, all patients who unexpectedly return within 72 hours of discharge from the emergency department. This had been done by circulating an aide memoire to be given to those in training and existing members of the department. ”

    Source location

    Carol Ann Welch · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work with Information Technology to add a 72-hour reattendance alert requiring consultant advice before discharge.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has, however, noted that the middle grade doctor in question did not follow the appropriate guidance of referring to a consultant if a patient returns to the department within 72 hours with the same clinical condition. The Trust is currently working with its Information Technology Department to add an alert to the Clinical Portal used by UEC to flag/highlight if the patient reattends within 72 hours and mandate that the doctor should seek advice from a consultant prior to discharging the patient from the department. We believe this additional safety measure would prevent future harm in this group of patients who are at higher risk.”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital
    Page 4 · response
    Published 16 January 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Audit patients reattending within 72 hours for consultant referral before discharge and share the findings within UEC and at Trust-wide Audit Day.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “UEC are in the process of conducting an audit to review patients that have reattended within 72 hours to see whether they were referred to a consultant prior to discharge. The outcome of this review will be shared within UEC and will also be presented at the Trust Wide Audit Day.”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital
    Page 4 · response
    Published 16 January 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Overseas-qualified doctors undergo Royal College accreditation, including assessment of familiarity with relevant guidance, on the same basis as UK-trained doctors.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “When the Trust receives an application from a doctor our People and Recruitment Department will check the official GMC registration to ensure the doctor is appropriately registered and holds the relevant qualifications and license to practice in the UK. The doctor in Mrs Welch’s case was registered with the GMC in April 2020. In addition, this doctor became a member of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine before they started working at this Trust in September 2020. Accordingly, the doctor will have been assessed as competent by the Royal College as part of their registration and accreditation process in exactly the same way a UK trained doctor would be assessed. This accreditation includes an assessment of familiarity with relevant Royal College guidance.”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 January 2023

    Open published response
  3. Cumbria

    AI-generated summary

    Gordon Bernard Hendley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Gordon Bernard Hendley, who had lymphoma and recent lung infection and pulmonary embolism, developed a severe rash most likely caused by Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and died in hospital on 23 January 2022 after maximal treatment. The report identified concerns about delays in medical assessment and treatment, failure to escalate significant blood-test results, lack of specialist dermatology input and prognostic scoring, and the robustness of systems for monitoring and supporting severely ill patients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in assessment of severely ill patients returning to A&E

    Wider context from the report

    “2) When Gordon returned to A&E late on 20th January there was an excessive delay in his assessment. His blood test revealed a significant lactic acidosis with marked anaemia and very low white blood counts. The A&E consultant who gave evidence said she would have expected this to be escalated to her -she was on call at home, but it was not. I have inputted the data in medical records to the scoring tools referred to above and mortality predictions have now risen to around 50%. ”

    Source location

    Gordon Bernard Hendley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  4. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    Alexander James Davidson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Alexander James Davidson became suddenly unwell with abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea, and died at the Queens Medical Centre on 26 February 2018 after developing an infected and necrotic pancreatic pseudocyst caused by gallstone pancreatitis. The report raised concerns about NHS 111 telephone triage for young or vulnerable patients, the clarity and transfer of triage information, testing for pancreatitis in young people, and the management of unscheduled returns to emergency departments.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Variation in admission for observation of paediatric patients returning to the Emergency Department

    Wider context from the report

    “(5) Patients who make an unscheduled return to the Emergency Department within 72 hours of discharge are required to have a review undertaken by an ED Consultant, or a ST4 trainee or above in the absence of a Consultant on the ‘shop floor’: RCEM Guidance June 2016. Some hospitals will admit returning paediatric patients for observation but practise seems to vary doctor-to-doctor and across Trusts. Consideration ought to be given to a national approach. ”

    Source location

    Alexander James Davidson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026