Recurring concern

Inadequate roadside vehicle-restraint barriers

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First reported 16 Mar 2015•Latest report 18 Jul 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of roadside vehicle-restraint barriers and associated containment or redirection controls on public roads, including gaps, absent barriers, damaged or unreplaced barriers, and barrier designs that do not safely contain or redirect vehicles leaving the carriageway.

Not included

  • Excludes pedestrian, bridge-edge, riverside and other barriers whose primary purpose is to protect people from falls rather than to contain or redirect vehicles.
  • Excludes generic road-layout, lighting, signage, drainage, maintenance or speed-control deficiencies where roadside vehicle restraint is not the identified unsafe control.
  • Excludes vehicle restraint or barrier failures in non-road settings unless the assertion explicitly concerns the same roadside vehicle-containment function.
  • Excludes barriers intended only to prevent unauthorised access where no vehicle-containment or road-user protection function is identified.
Reports
10

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
10

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2015–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
17

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department for Transport2
National Highways2
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council1
Cambridgeshire County Council1
Clough Williams-Ellis Foundation1
Devon Highways1
Gwynedd Council1
Lincolnshire County Council1
Stockport Borough Council1
Welsh Government1
West Sussex County Council1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Hertfordshire

    AI-generated summary

    Darren Christopher Reilly and Tyler Cox · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 1 April 2024, Darren Christopher Reilly and Tyler Cox sustained fatal injuries when the Range Rover in which they were travelling left the M1 carriageway and collided with trees. The principal concern was the unexplained gap in the safety barrier at the collision location, creating a risk that future vehicles could leave the carriageway and occupants could suffer serious or fatal injuries.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Gap in the safety barrier on the M1 southbound

    Wider context from the report

    “I heard evidence that along this section of the M1 southbound there are safety barriers to the nearside of the carriageway. It was explained to me that if a vehicle loses control, the safety barrier is designed to prevent a vehicle from leaving the carriageway – the idea being that a vehicle that has lost control will continue along the safety barrier before coming to a more controlled stop, thereby minimising the risk of serious injury of death to passengers. It was further explained to me that this is particularly important when a high-speed carriageway (such as a motorway) is lined with established trees, as is the case here. This is because any vehicle that has lost control and leaves the carriageway is likely to do so at high speed and collide with these established trees. This would likely lead to a very sharp and sudden deceleration, and may cause the vehicle to overturn, which significantly increases the likelihood of serious injury and death to passengers. In this case, I was shown images of the collision scene which depict the presence of safety barriers shortly before and shortly after the collision site. Whilst I heard evidence that, in general, gaps are sometimes inserted in the safety barrier for the purposes of access or due to the presence of other safety measures (e.g. a grassed bank), the witnesses from the Roads Policing Unit could not offer any explanation for why there is a gap in the safety barrier at this location. Consequently, I am concerned that there is a gap in the safety barrier at this location, which for the reasons outlined above gives rise to a risk that future deaths may occur. ”

    Source location

    Darren Christopher Reilly and Tyler Cox · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Clear trees within 5 metres of the carriageway edge along this section of the M1.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Where vegetation is the only potential hazard in the verge, the risk of vehicles colliding with trees is managed through a programme of tree removal work. Where there is no VRS present we remove any tree within 5m of the carriageway edge. There is a cyclical programme of verge tree clearance that aims to ensure that trees close to the carriageway are regularly removed. Prior to the incident on 1 April 2024, trees at this location were last cleared on 19 February 2024.”

    Source location

    Response from National Highways Agency
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Undertake the Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process to assess the need for vehicle restraint systems or other mitigations at this location.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We will undertake the Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process (RRRAP) in accordance with the requirements of CD 377 to assess the need for VRS, or other mitigations such as additional tree clearance, at this location based on the current technical standards.”

    Source location

    Response from National Highways Agency
    Page 4 · response
    Published 23 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The 260-metre barrier gap need not be closed because current CD 377 requirements apply only to gaps shorter than 100 metres.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The standard sets out a risk-based approach to the provision of VRS using an analysis tool known as the Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process (RRRAP).”

    Source location

    Response from National Highways Agency
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing tree clearance and network safety monitoring are relied upon instead of upgrading vehicle restraint systems as a matter of course.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Where vegetation is the only potential hazard in the verge, the risk of vehicles colliding with trees is managed through a programme of tree removal work. Where there is no VRS present we remove any tree within 5m of the carriageway edge. There is a cyclical programme of verge tree clearance that aims to ensure that trees close to the carriageway are regularly removed. Prior to the incident on 1 April 2024, trees at this location were last cleared on 19 February 2024.”

    Source location

    Response from National Highways Agency
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 July 2025

    Open published response
  2. West Sussex, Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Doreen TURNER · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Doreen Turner died on 1 November 2024 after her car entered a canal at South Bank, Chichester, and she drowned. The canal was adjacent to a road with low kerbing, no devices to prevent vehicles entering the water, and evidence that another driver had entered the canal at the same location within the previous five years.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to prevent vehicles from entering the canal at the end of the road

    Wider context from the report

    “The inquest was told that South Bank is a residential cul de sac. At the end of the road, there is a footpath which is perpendicular to the road which also runs alongside the canal. The end of the road has kerbing, a 5ft foot grass section and then the canal. The inquest heard that the kerbing is less than standard height and there are no devices present to prevent a vehicle which passes over the kerbstones from entering the canal. The evidence was that Mrs Turner was the second driver to have entered the canal in a vehicle in the last 5 years at that location. ”

    Source location

    Doreen TURNER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Install reflective bollards along the canal bank to provide a clearer visual indication of the road end.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Installing bollards with reflectors on the canal bank within the gap between an existing traffic sign post and the northern end of the turning head.”

    Source location

    Response from West Sussex County Council
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 May 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing kerb height provides sufficient physical and audible warning; raising it is not considered necessary and would cause visual intrusion.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As noted, South Bank is a residential cul de sac. Traffic speeds approaching the end of the road are very low as drivers approach with caution influenced by the narrow confines of the road due to on-street parking. It is appreciated that the kerb height in the turning head at the end of South Bank is lower than many kerbs at the edge of a public highway, although it does still provide sufficient physical separation between the road edge and the grass bank of the canal to give a physical and audible warning to a driver. Raising the height of the kerbs would not necessarily offer any additional prevention of a vehicle overrunning onto the bank, unless they were of such a height as to fully stop a vehicle – this type of kerbing would be a significant visual intrusion and disruption to the canal bank.”

    Source location

    Response from West Sussex County Council
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 May 2025

    Open published response
  3. North West Wales

    AI-generated summary

    Wilfred John Fitchett and 3 others · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 19 November 2023, a vehicle carrying four young men left the A4085, entered a water-filled drainage ditch and all four died from drowning; the vehicle was found on 21 November 2023. The report raises concerns about the absence of legal restrictions on young or newly qualified drivers carrying young passengers and the risk of further deaths in similar circumstances.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of roadside barrier or fence preventing vehicles entering the ditch

    Wider context from the report

    “b. A stock fence had been erected (likely by the private landowner) concerning the lane of the road in question. It is understood that Cyngor Gwynedd had no responsibility for this given that it was on private land. The stock fence had been damaged and had not been replaced prior to the collision on 19 November 2023. c. Whilst the evidence could not determine whether or not the fence, had it been repaired and in situ at the time of the collision, would have altered the outcome the risk to road users who leave the road accidentally is that they may land in the ditch below the road level. d. Cyngor Gwynedd has installed a chevron board at the bend but there is no barrier or fence otherwise to prevent motor vehicles leaving the road into the ditch at this bend in the event of leaving the carriageway accidentally. ”

    Source location

    Wilfred John Fitchett and 3 others · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete a site-specific assessment of whether a road restraint system should be provided at the collision site.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4.2 an assessment for the provision of a Road Restraint System (RRS) at the site has been undertaken.”

    Source location

    Response from Cyngor Gwynedd Council
    Page 8 · response
    Published 17 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review future options for installing a road restraint system as maintenance or wider highway improvements affect the relevant considerations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4.10 On the basis of the above, taking into account the enhancements already implemented, options in the short term to install a RRS are limited in respect of both scope and justification. However, this will be subject to review as there are other factors which may influence this. These could include future maintenance and/or wider and more significant improvements to the highway which may affect the determining considerations in relation to installing a RRS.”

    Source location

    Response from Cyngor Gwynedd Council
    Page 10 · response
    Published 17 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implemented signage and passive roadside measures may be sufficient to negate the need for a road restraint system.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The guidance for medium priority sites state that a road restraint system may be justified however a non-RRS approach to reducing the risk may prove sufficient to negate the need for a RRS.”

    Source location

    Response from Cyngor Gwynedd Council
    Page 9 · response
    Published 17 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Road restraint installation is limited by substantial funding, resource, physical, engineering, legal, environmental, land ownership and maintenance constraints.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Due to lack of level verge a new restrain system cannot be easily installed without major works to create a verge which would have significant costs.”

    Source location

    Response from Cyngor Gwynedd Council
    Page 9 · response
    Published 17 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Stock fencing is not intended or designed as highway safety infrastructure and would not withstand a vehicle collision at speed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3.2 In any case stock fencing is not meant to be a feature of highway safety and is not designed to withstand the force of a car hitting it at speed, and if that was its intended purpose something more robust ought to have been considered.”

    Source location

    Response from Clough Williams-Ellis Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 17 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Safety works on or adjacent to the public highway are the responsibility of the relevant authority, not the adjoining landowner.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3.4 Any works on or adjacent to a public highway to enhance safety for road users are the responsibility of the relevant Authority and not the adjoining Landowner.”

    Source location

    Response from Clough Williams-Ellis Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 17 October 2024

    Open published response
  4. Cambridgeshire and Peterborough

    AI-generated summary

    Jennifer BUNYAN and Marion BUNYAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jennifer Bunyan and Marion Bunyan died by drowning on 7 June 2020 after their motor car left the carriageway, rolled onto its roof and became partially submerged in Crease Drain. Jennifer was pregnant, and her unborn daughter, later named Erin Marion Chatten, also died in utero. The report raised concerns about the speed limit, road inspections, highway degradation, delays in remedial action and the absence of an effective barrier preventing vehicles entering the waterway.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of a final vehicle-exclusion solution at the waterway

    Wider context from the report

    “A Barrier to prevent entry to the waterway would be one effective measure that has been deployed in many other places to prevent a vehicle leaving the road and yet, I understand no final solution is in place. ”

    Source location

    Jennifer BUNYAN and Marion BUNYAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct a traffic flow survey to inform proposed closure or restricted access for Puddock Road.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• A traffic flow survey will be conducted in early November 2024.”

    Source location

    Response from Cambridgeshire County Council
    Page 4 · response
    Published 1 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Undertake informal engagement and submit a Traffic Regulation Order application for closure or restricted access to Puddock Road, subject to statutory consultation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Informal engagement will be undertaken on the closure or restricted access for Puddock Road after the completion of the traffic flow survey. A formal application for a Traffic Regulation Order will be made and subject to a statutory consultation.”

    Source location

    Response from Cambridgeshire County Council
    Page 4 · response
    Published 1 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    A vehicle restraint system was not suitable because unstable ground conditions might cause the barrier to collapse after impact.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Due to the nature of this road, the initial consideration was to review the use of a Vehicle Restraint System (VRS, or Barriers). Having carefully considered this option with expert technical advice, the project board made a recommendation to the Council’s Highways and Transport Committee that alternative measures be implemented. The VRS was not considered suitable due to the ground conditions, which may not be capable of withstanding an impact and the barrier may simply collapse. A rafting barrier solution that has been used by National Highways was also the considered, however the cost and complexity of such a system was prohibitively expensive, not only to install but also to maintain, and again with no guarantees of structural rigidity being retained over time.”

    Source location

    Response from Cambridgeshire County Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 1 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    A rafting barrier was not pursued because its installation and maintenance costs and complexity were prohibitively high, without guaranteed long-term structural rigidity.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Due to the nature of this road, the initial consideration was to review the use of a Vehicle Restraint System (VRS, or Barriers). Having carefully considered this option with expert technical advice, the project board made a recommendation to the Council’s Highways and Transport Committee that alternative measures be implemented. The VRS was not considered suitable due to the ground conditions, which may not be capable of withstanding an impact and the barrier may simply collapse. A rafting barrier solution that has been used by National Highways was also the considered, however the cost and complexity of such a system was prohibitively expensive, not only to install but also to maintain, and again with no guarantees of structural rigidity being retained over time.”

    Source location

    Response from Cambridgeshire County Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 1 August 2024

    Open published response
  5. County of Dorset

    AI-generated summary

    Wilfred Roy Breakell · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Wilfred Roy Breakell died at Royal Bournemouth Hospital from multiple cervical spine fractures sustained when he fell into a storm drain while riding his bicycle. The report raised concern that there was still no barrier between the highway and the storm drain, creating a risk to cyclists and vehicles leaving the highway.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a barrier between the highway and the storm drain

    Wider context from the report

    “Although there is now wooden fencing that runs from the end of the paved footpath in a northerly direction (adjacent to the pedestrian crossing), there is still no barrier between the highway and the storm drain where there is no paved area; that is, from the start of the exit from the A338 to the paved footpath adjacent to the pedestrian crossing. The evidence I heard at the Inquest from the investigating police officer is that cyclists use the A338 and the Blackwater Junction exit. There remains a risk that if a cyclist left the paved highway for any reason, he or she would be at risk of falling into the storm drain. In addition, if a vehicle lost control at the exit, that vehicle is at risk of leaving the highway and falling into the storm drain. A barrier between the highway and the storm drain would reduce that risk. ”

    Source location

    Wilfred Roy Breakell · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Install permanent timber post-and-rail fencing beside the slip road and storm drain.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I am aware that following what happened on the morning of Sunday 17 May 2020 you remain concerned that there is a risk that future deaths will occur, unless action is taken to extend the existing timber post and rail fencing along the slip road to prevent cyclists falling into the storm drain.”

    Source location

    2021-0165-Response-from-BCP-Council_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 May 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Additional fencing is not appropriate because recurrence risk is low and the fencing could cause more injuries than it prevents.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “(i) There remains a low risk that a similar event will re-occur at this location. (ii) The small level difference from the slip road surfacing down into the ditch is in highway design terms deemed insufficient to require protecting in the event of a vehicle leaving the carriageway. (iii) If the post and rail fencing is extended, it is as likely to cause injury to occupants of any vehicle that fails to negotiate the bends as to protect them from it. A known cause of injury and death to road users from vehicles, including motorcycles and cyclists leaving the highway and striking posts, barriers or other obstructions that are not passively safe. There is a risk therefore that a timber barrier here could create an additional safety hazard.”

    Source location

    2021-0165-Response-from-BCP-Council_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 May 2021

    Open published response
  6. Swansea and Neath Port Talbot

    AI-generated summary

    Lyn Morgan · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Lyn Morgan died from traumatic injuries in a road traffic collision on 25 April 2013 when a lorry crossed the central reservation of the A465 and collided with Lyn’s vehicle. Concerns were raised that the road barrier redirected the lorry back onto the carriageway contrary to its design, and that the road’s extensive use by heavy vehicles meant similar circumstances could arise again.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of the barrier to safely redirect heavy vehicles along its length

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The barrier is designed to redirect the vehicle along its length, so that it doesn’t flip over or be redirected back onto the carriageway. On this occasion the height of the wheels and the lack of input on the steering wheel deflected the wheels and therefore redirected the lorry back onto the carriageway contrary to its design. 2. The road in question is extensively used by heavy vehicles and therefore the potential is there for these circumstances to arise again. ”

    Source location

    Lyn Morgan · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Apply national barrier-containment standards consistently across the Strategic Road Network.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As stated above, the Welsh Government is committed to improving road safety. In line with this commitment, it will ensure that the following policy positions and forward actions are taken forward:”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue collaborating with National Highways on reviews of modern default barrier-containment levels, including data contribution and discussion.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• not be supported by national evidence on risk frequency. Changes of this scale are led at a UK national level by National Highways, who are currently carrying out research into future containment policy. Welsh Government continues to contribute network data and engage in these discussions.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue monitoring incidents and review containment policy and practice when future data indicate emerging risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Continue to monitor incidents of this type and review containment policy and practice should future data indicate emerging risks such as central reserve breaches involving HGVs.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 3 · response
    Published 9 June 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    No site-specific factors justified higher containment, so the concern that N2 was inadequate is disputed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Based on site characteristics, traffic volumes, and risk factors at the time of construction, there was no engineering justification to apply higher containment (e.g., H1/H2). National guidance requires such upgrades only where:”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Retaining N2 containment was considered appropriate because it complied with national standards and policy.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Historic as-built records and information from our Operational Agent confirm that the nearside and central reserve barriers installed at the location at the time of the 2013 incident were systems of N2 containment level. N2 containment was, and continues to be, the nationally recognised default containment level for this category of dual carriageway. This aligns with long standing UK practice and the national standards applicable at the time.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 1 · response
    Published 9 June 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    A higher default containment level was not pursued because it would be disproportionately costly and require extensive network-wide reconstruction.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• specific hazards such as structures or significant embankments. No such factors were present at this location. Retaining N2 containment was therefore appropriate and consistent with national policy. Introducing a higher default containment level across Wales would:”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Changes to default containment policy are led nationally by National Highways, which is researching future policy.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• not be supported by national evidence on risk frequency. Changes of this scale are led at a UK national level by National Highways, who are currently carrying out research into future containment policy. Welsh Government continues to contribute network data and engage in these discussions.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 June 2019

    Open published response
  7. Exeter and Greater Devon

    AI-generated summary

    Darren Richard Trewin · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 31 January 2017, Darren Richard Trewin was fatally injured when the car he was driving left the A30 after encountering water flowing across the carriageway from a partially blocked drain and collided with a roadside barrier. Concerns related to the drain’s ability to capture heavy rainfall and the possible need to extend the nearside barrier to reduce the risk of vehicles leaving the carriageway.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient nearside barrier length beside a carriageway drop-off

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) To consider extending the barrier on the nearside of the carriageway to a point before the point of impact would possibly have prevented Mr Trewin’s car from leaving the carriageway and entering the woods. A longer barrier at this point, where the ground drops away to a much lower level below the carriageway, could improve safety for all drivers using the A30 at this point. ”

    Source location

    Darren Richard Trewin · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Undertake a Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process assessment near the existing vehicle restraint to determine barrier requirements against current standards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process (RRRAP) is to be undertaken in the vicinity of the existing vehicle restraint by the end of September 2018. This will inform the requirement for a vehicle restraint barrier at the location in line with current standards. Dependent upon the outcome, we will implement a scheme to introduce a vehicle restraint barrier that reflects the risk assessment findings.”

    Source location

    2018-0138-Response-by-Highway-England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 1 July 2018

    Open published response
  8. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    Shahbaz Salim Bhim and Shana Sutaria · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Shahbaz Salim Bhim and Shana Sutaria were travelling in a BMW on the A46 during heavy rain when standing water caused the vehicle to leave the carriageway and enter Fairham Brook. They likely survived the initial collision but were subsequently struck by a van and sustained fatal injuries; concerns included blocked drainage causing standing water and a gap in the vehicle restraint barrier that allowed vehicles to leave the carriageway.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Gap in the vehicle restraint barrier permitting unimpeded vehicle passage from the carriageway

    Wider context from the report

    “d. The gap in the vehicle restraint barrier (Highways England’s location code X-465224,Y-328926) at the entrance to the land owned and/or occupied by ████████ (and registered at the Land Registry under title number TN514257) is a hazard to traffic in that it permits vehicles to pass unimpeded from the carriageway. ”

    Source location

    Shahbaz Salim Bhim and Shana Sutaria · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Progress the drainage scheme, including ditch clearance, pipe repairs or replacement, cleaning, and additional drainage installation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “a. The drainage scheme is progressing as planned through the design and development phases with an estimated start date on the A46 in February 2018. The work will take place over a period of approximately 20 weeks with a planned completion date of June 2018.”

    Source location

    Response from Highways England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 October 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue discussions with the landowner and agent to secure removal of the field access and closure of the barrier gap.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “b. Highways England are in discussions with ████████ his land agent ████████ Shouler & Son) regarding the removal of the access to the field which will allow us to install a continuous vehicle safety restraint barrier. Communication was made with ████████ during week commencing 25 September 2017 immediately following the inquest. As a result, discussions with ████████ began on the 4 October 2017 and continued on the 23 October 2017.”

    Source location

    Response from Highways England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 October 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Assess options for removing the field access and determine associated costs and a reasonable land-access value for an offer to the landowner.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “████████ and his land agent understand the Coroner’s reasons for raising the entrance to the field as a matter of concern and are open to discussions on how the closure of the access can be achieved. Highways England will assess the options to remove the access to the field and close the corresponding gap in the centre reservation. Highways England Land Team will assist in assessing the relevant costs and allow us to place a reasonable monetary value on the land access so that we are able to offer this to ████████ in return for closing the existing access.”

    Source location

    Response from Highways England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 October 2017

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Vehicle restraint barrier alterations cannot be implemented until agreement is reached with the landowner to close the field access.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “████████ and his land agent understand the Coroner’s reasons for raising the entrance to the field as a matter of concern and are open to discussions on how the closure of the access can be achieved. Highways England will assess the options to remove the access to the field and close the corresponding gap in the centre reservation. Highways England Land Team will assist in assessing the relevant costs and allow us to place a reasonable monetary value on the land access so that we are able to offer this to ████████ in return for closing the existing access.”

    Source location

    Response from Highways England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 October 2017

    Open published response
  9. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Aleeza Ahmed · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Aleeza Ahmed was being carried unrestrained in a car driven by her father when the vehicle left the carriageway, overturned and threw her from the vehicle, causing severe head injuries. Concerns included the possible contribution of chamfered kerbs and the absence of a protective barrier on the central reservation to the vehicle’s overturning and trajectory.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Absence of a protective barrier on the central reservation

    Wider context from the report

    “2. There would appear to be no protective Armco type barrier on the central reservation at this point. The evidence suggested that had such been present the trajectory of the vehicle might have been different and less danger caused to all road users. ”

    Source location

    Aleeza Ahmed · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Submit a proposed Crookilley Way central barrier scheme for consideration among possible improvements to the key route network.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Following the establishment of Transport for Greater Manchester (“TfGM”) from the former Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (“GMPTE”) in April 2011 the remit of the new organisation was expanded to include, among other things, joint highway responsibility with the local authorities over a network of strategic roads known as the key route network (“KRN”). Parts of the A560 within Stockport are identified as being part of the KRN, including Crookilley Way.”

    Source location

    2016-0089-Response-by-Stockport-Borough-Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 March 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Make a funding bid for installing a central barrier on Crookilley Way during 2016/2017.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Among the schemes proposed for consideration was inclusion of a possible central barrier on Crookilley Way. No details of the form of the barrier were known or detailed on the list. This was proposed on the basis that at the time of the review there was no such barrier in place on Crookilley Way and installing such a barrier would potentially avoid cross over type collisions and bring the road up to modern standards.”

    Source location

    2016-0089-Response-by-Stockport-Borough-Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 3 March 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    TfGM must support any central-barrier installation because Crookilley Way forms part of the key route network.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Following the establishment of Transport for Greater Manchester (“TfGM”) from the former Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (“GMPTE”) in April 2011 the remit of the new organisation was expanded to include, among other things, joint highway responsibility with the local authorities over a network of strategic roads known as the key route network (“KRN”). Parts of the A560 within Stockport are identified as being part of the KRN, including Crookilley Way.”

    Source location

    2016-0089-Response-by-Stockport-Borough-Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 March 2016

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Installation of a central barrier cannot proceed without external funding because road-safety improvement funds are limited and already committed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As Crookilley Way is part of the KRN any installation or amendments to the carriageway would need the support of TfGM. No response has been received from TfGM to the submitted list of potential improvements to the KRN and no funding has been received from TfGM for this installation. It is estimated that the cost of such a barrier would be in excess of £50,000. SMBC has extremely limited funding for road safety improvements and the budget for 2016/2017 is already committed so funding will have to come from some other source for this installation to be made. There is potential for a bid to be made to the Greater Manchester Casualty Reduction Partnership (“GMCRP”) and we anticipate making such a bid during the course of 2016/2017.”

    Source location

    2016-0089-Response-by-Stockport-Borough-Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 3 March 2016

    Open published response
  10. Central Lincolnshire

    AI-generated summary

    Joshua David Booth · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Joshua David Booth sustained fatal injuries after his vehicle lost control on a heavily subsided section of road, collided with a wooden post and entered Fodder Drain. The report identified the road subsidence, inadequate warning signage and the posts at the foot of the bank as serious dangers to motorists and contributory concerns relating to the death.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide suitable roadside protection at the foot of the bank

    Wider context from the report

    “(III)      The posts at the foot of the bank constitute a serious danger to vehicles leaving this section of road. An Armco barrier should be erected along this section of the road to provide security to passing motorists. ”

    Source location

    Joshua David Booth · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Safety barriers cannot be erected without significant structural works because the embankment lacks sufficient strength.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Due to the nature of the embankments (constructed from a mixture of clay, peat and silts in general) there is not enough strength to enable safety barriers to be erected without significant structural works to support the barrier.”

    Source location

    2015-0125-Response-by-Lincolnshire-County-Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 March 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Providing safety barriers would be excessively costly and divert limited resources from repairing other county road defects.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The cost of providing barriers would be excessive and divert resources from repairing the defects and failings in the road construction throughout the County and would not be best use of limited resources.”

    Source location

    2015-0125-Response-by-Lincolnshire-County-Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 16 March 2015

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026