Recurring concern

Failure to prevent unsafe access to elevated roofs

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First reported 19 Sep 2014•Latest report 22 Oct 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of dedicated controls intended to prevent or restrict unsafe access to elevated roofs, including access barriers, protected fire escapes, railings, gates, locks, environmental risk assessments and remedial measures where these directly address roof-access risk.

Not included

  • Excludes general roof maintenance, structural defects or building-survey failures where unsafe access to the roof is not the material concern.
  • Excludes ordinary access to roofs intended for authorised maintenance or emergency use when the access arrangement is appropriately controlled.
  • Excludes bridge, railway-track, balcony, tower, car-park and other elevated-location hazards unless the assertion specifically concerns access to an elevated roof.
  • Excludes general fall-prevention or premises-security deficiencies that are not directly linked to preventing unsafe access to an elevated roof.
Reports
2

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
3

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
5

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care System1
Care Quality Commission1
Network Rail1
NHS England1
Recipient name withheld1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Birmingham and Solihull

    AI-generated summary

    Ricky James MONAHAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ricky James MONAHAN, a resident of a rehabilitation unit detained under section 37 of the Mental Health Act, died after falling from a height on 18 March 2025. The report identified an unprotected fire escape accessible from the garden and roof, no environmental risk assessment of this access, reliance on individual risk assessments, and a lack of guidelines for protecting fire escapes in rehabilitation settings.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unprotected fire escapes providing easy access to roofs in rehabilitation settings

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Mr Monahan was in a 10 bedded rehabilitation unit and was detained under S37 of the Mental Health Act. There was an unprotected fire escape at the rear of the building which could be easily accessed from the garden which in turn gave easy access to the roof. No environmental risk assessment had been completed regarding how accessible the fire escape was and how it easily provided access to the roof due to inadequate railings at the top of the staircase. The trust relied on individual risk assessments when considering what controls were required for individual patients when accessing the garden. 2. The inquest heard how there are no current guidelines setting out what protections are required for fire escapes in rehabilitation settings. The lack of any guidelines presents a risk of future deaths and in my view, action should be taken. ”

    Source location

    Ricky James MONAHAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of environmental risk assessment of fire escape and roof accessibility

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Mr Monahan was in a 10 bedded rehabilitation unit and was detained under S37 of the Mental Health Act. There was an unprotected fire escape at the rear of the building which could be easily accessed from the garden which in turn gave easy access to the roof. No environmental risk assessment had been completed regarding how accessible the fire escape was and how it easily provided access to the roof due to inadequate railings at the top of the staircase. The trust relied on individual risk assessments when considering what controls were required for individual patients when accessing the garden. 2. The inquest heard how there are no current guidelines setting out what protections are required for fire escapes in rehabilitation settings. The lack of any guidelines presents a risk of future deaths and in my view, action should be taken. ”

    Source location

    Ricky James MONAHAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish national best-practice guidance promoting person-centred safety assessment, formulation, management and environmental safety planning.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England also published the Staying Safe from Suicide: Best Practice Guidance for Safety Assessment, Formulation and Management on 4 April 2025. It promotes a shift towards a more holistic, person-centred approach rather than relying on risk prediction, which can be unreliable because suicidal thoughts can change quickly. Instead, it recommends using a method based on understanding each person’s situation and managing their safety. The purpose of this guidance is to enable mental health practitioners to adopt best practice principles in working with people of all ages to stay safe from suicide. The guidance highlights environmental safety as one of six steps of safety planning, which should include reducing access to or avoiding high risk locations.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Liaise with Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust about environmental risk assessment and unauthorised roof access from the fire escape.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England’s regional mental health team has liaised with the Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust (BSMHFT) regarding your concerns, including the lack of environmental risk assessment of the fire escape, and particularly its ability to allow unauthorised access to the roof.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Scope revisions to HTM 05-02 fire-safety guidance for healthcare-premises design.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England’s Estates Team are currently scoping HTM 05-02, fire safety in the design of healthcare premises, which will be revised imminently.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Escalate and monitor the development of national guidance on fire-escape protections in rehabilitation settings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The inquest also heard how there are no current guidelines setting out what protections are required for fire escapes in rehabilitation settings. The lack of any guidelines presents a risk of future deaths and therefore action should be taken.”

    Source location

    Response from Birmingham and Solihull NHS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Request environmental risk assessments and observe ward environments during inspections to assess premises safety.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of our inspection process, CQC will routinely ask for the most recent environmental risk assessment to provide assurance that providers have made the premises safe for people who use the service. CQC inspectors will also observe the ward environment as part of an inspection. In our inspection in October 2023, CQC found that there were risk assessments in place in all ward areas which removed or reduced any risks they identified. The report in October 2023 does not make specific reference to the external fire escape.”

    Source location

    Response from Care Quality Commission
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing guidance and provider risk-assessment arrangements are considered appropriate to manage fire-escape and roof-access risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Whilst none of the documents mentioned above specifically refer to fire escapes, secure access to fire escapes should be embedded within the provider’s risk assessments. The clinical risk assessment should cover the patient’s current level of risk (absconding, self-harm etc) and the patient should be supervised according to the level of risk posed.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 4 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Specific environmental risk assessments are not required; providers must instead take reasonable steps to manage health and safety risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We do not specify that all providers must carry out specific environmental risk assessments, however providers must make sure that the premises and any equipment used is safe and where applicable, available in sufficient quantities. CQC understands that there may be inherent risks in carrying out care and treatment, and we will not consider it to be unsafe if providers can demonstrate that they have taken all reasonable steps to ensure the health and safety of people using their services and to manage risks that may arise during care and treatment.”

    Source location

    Response from Care Quality Commission
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Service is responsible for addressing the local fire-escape risk assessment in greater detail.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I note that your Report is also addressed to the Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Service, who will be able to address the position locally in more detail.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Further comment on the specific local risk assessment cannot be provided.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Ultimately, there appears to be appropriate guidance in place to ensure that incidents such as this should not happen, however it appears that the local risk assessment did not take the specific risks of the fire escape and access to the roof into account. NHS England is not able to comment further on this and directs the Coroner to the Birmingham and Solihull Integrated Care Service in this regard.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 4 · response
    Published 23 October 2025

    Open published response
  2. Inner South London

    AI-generated summary

    Aaron Jacob Plowman · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 14 March 2014, Aaron Jacob Plowman was found to have fallen through a damaged plastic roof over garage premises onto a concrete floor. The principal concerns were that access to the roofs of commercial units under the railway arches had not been blocked and that a specific access point from nearby shops remained viable.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to block access to commercial-unit roofs under the railway arches

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Access to the roofs of the commercial units under the railway arches has not been blocked off from persons gaining access by climbing up from the street. (2) Specifically the access point from the Lycamobile kiosk and Sonny Kebab and Chicken shop on the New Kent Road under the railway arches remains viable. ”

    Source location

    Aaron Jacob Plowman · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026