Recurring concern

Unreliable patient observation arrangements

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First reported 28 Mar 2013•Latest report 24 Jun 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes observation-level assessment, observation policies and support plans, staff allocation and reliable delivery of required intermittent or enhanced patient observations.

Not included

  • Condition-specific physiological or neurological monitoring
  • Management auditing of observations where frontline observation arrangements are otherwise reliable
  • Continuous eyesight or one-to-one observation where that dedicated control supplies a narrower parent
Reports
139

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
174

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2013–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
328

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Care Quality Commission11
Department of Health and Social Care11
Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust7
NHS England7
Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust5
Devon Partnership NHS Trust4
East London NHS Foundation Trust4
HM Prison and Probation Service4
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust3
North London NHS Foundation Trust3
The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King's Lynn3
University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust3
Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust2
Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust2
County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust2

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Marion Nickson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Marion Nickson was admitted to hospital after a fall and later died following an unwitnessed fall in hospital that caused a brain bleed. The principal concern was that observable bay nursing failed because staff left the bay to deal with other tasks, with insufficient staffing, understanding of the risks, and prioritisation of patient observation contributing to the problem.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of staff understanding and prioritisation of the risk of leaving high-risk patients unobserved

    Wider context from the report

    “The inquest heard evidence that to deal with the risk of falls in patients deemed to be high risk the concept of observable bay nursing had been introduced at both Trusts. At both Trusts Mrs Nickson fell whilst unobserved due to the challenges of maintaining the bays as observed bays. The challenge for both trusts had arisen where staff were required to deal with issues out of the bay and had left the bay area. The cause of that was multifactorial and included a lack of understanding of the risk presented by leaving the bay and a need for the staff to complete other urgent tasks due to the demand on ward staff. The inquest heard that preventing in patient falls to reduce avoidable deaths was recognised as being important and that across the NHS bays of this nature were seen as a way to reduce the risk. However they would only work if staff had the time and there were cultural changes amongst staff where it was recognised that observing patients had to be seen as a priority and not something that could be left to fit around other demands. The evidence was clear that if observable bays could not function as intended then across the NHS there would continue to be avoidable falls and consequential deaths. If bay nursing could not effectively delivered due to resourcing then other options to keep patients safe needed to be explored by Acute Trusts. ”

    Source location

    Marion Nickson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide and publicise FallSafe training covering observation, inpatient-fall risk reduction and post-fall management.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The topic of observation is covered in the e-learning training module ‘FallSafe’ produced by the RCP and NHS England. The module is freely available and is widely publicised and used across the NHS and covers the knowledge needed to identify and reduce patient and environmental risk factors to assist with reducing inpatient falls as well as post fall management.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 28 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Registered providers, rather than CQC, must determine how to implement detailed standards and good practice for patient safety.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “exactly registered providers do to meet them; those are things that the registered provider, and the Trust in this context, must determine in order to meet the standards and duties set out in the Regulated Activities Regulations. It is therefore not for CQC to include or prescribe detailed standards and expectations about each specific condition and potential need in our regulatory framework. The CQC through its website signposts Trusts to relevant guidance on how they can meet relevant regulations, including the fundamental standards under the Regulated Activities Regulations. However, under CQC’s regulatory model it is for registered providers, including Trusts, to determine how it will meet and implement good practice standards, including in consultation with third-party expert organisations, as required who produce national guidance and may consult on local guidance.”

    Source location

    Response from Care Quality Commission
    Page 2 · response
    Published 28 July 2023

    Open published response
  2. Derby and Derbyshire

    AI-generated summary

    Alice Jean FOX · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Alice Jean FOX, known as Jean, died in hospital on 1 July 2021 from severe infection resulting from bacterial infection of the surgical site following partial hip replacement after a fall. Concerns included her lengthy wait in the discharge lounge and late arrival at rehabilitation, which meant usual admission assessments were not completed, and delays in reviewing blood results and referring her back to hospital despite signs of infection.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of close checks and observations for patients in the hospital discharge lounge

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Jean had spent a lengthy period in the general hospital discharge lounge, during which time which she would not have had close checks and observations as compared to ward-based care. She did not arrive at the rehabilitation hospital until late at night and so did not have the usual core admission assessments. Such situations appear to me to have the potential to place patients such as Jean at significant risk. Given that there would usually be three parties involved in the transfer (the discharging hospital, the transporting ambulance service, and the discharge destination) there is opportunity for consideration of protocols to ensure such discharge arrangements are safe and appropriate. ”

    Source location

    Alice Jean FOX · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  3. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Winbourne Gregory Charles · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Winbourne Gregory Charles was found unresponsive on 10 April 2021, suspended on a mental health ward, after being admitted under the Mental Health Act following an attempt to take his own life. The principal concerns included failures in risk assessment, observation practices, emergency response, record keeping, and governance processes.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to carry out prescribed patient observations

    Wider context from the report

    “3. A failure to ensure that a treatment plan was followed - observations between 16.00 and 17.00 on the day of Mr Charles’ death were suspended by the ward shift co-ordinator. The decision meant all patients subject to general observation on the ward were ignored. ”

    Source location

    Winbourne Gregory Charles · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to align observation frequency decisions with policy guidance

    Wider context from the report

    “2. A decision to reduce observation frequency made by the MDT on 6/4/21 was not supported by the Trust Policy guidance which indicated that enhanced observations were appropriate. ”

    Source location

    Winbourne Gregory Charles · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Refresh observation training to make enhanced-observation requirements explicit and deliver it to relevant clinical staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Risk management (inappropriate care plan) – the Coroner found that a decision to reduce observation frequency made by the MDT on 6 April 2021 was not supported by the Trust Policy guidance which indicated that | 3. | Observation training to be refreshed to ensure this is explicit”

    Source location

    NELFT NHS Foundation Trust Action Plan
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share observation guidance and discuss it in ward safety huddles, meetings and supervision.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. At a glance appendix from Safe and Supportive Observations to be shared again”

    Source location

    NELFT NHS Foundation Trust Action Plan
    Page 3 · response
    Published 5 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the Safe and Supportive Observations Policy to clarify escalation when staffing or other constraints challenge observation provision.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. Risk management (lack of adherence to care plan) – the Coroner found that observations between 16.00 and 17.00 on the day of Mr Charles’ death were suspended by the ward shift co-ordinator. The decision meant all patients subject to general observation on the ward were ignored.3. Risk management and record keeping. | 4. | The Safe and Supportive Observations Policy does not allow for this to happen. However, if this becomes an issue due to teams being short staffed then escalation needs to be clearer | 1. Review of Policy to encompass escalation process”

    Source location

    NELFT NHS Foundation Trust Action Plan
    Page 4 · response
    Published 5 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share the clarified observation-escalation process through leadership meetings, team meetings and individual supervision.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Safe and Supportive Observations policy has been reviewed to make escalation of this clear, to be shared through Leadership Team meetings, team meetings and individual supervision”

    Source location

    NELFT NHS Foundation Trust Action Plan
    Page 8 · response
    Published 5 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commission an independent review of the MDT clinical decision about observation frequency.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “enhanced observations were appropriate. | | Following the Inquest an independent review commissioned to review the clinical decision made by the MDT. | Independent Review commissioned by the Chief Nursing Officer | Chief Nursing Officer | October 2023”

    Source location

    NELFT NHS Foundation Trust Action Plan
    Page 4 · response
    Published 5 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Safe and Supportive Observations Policy already prohibits suspending observations; the response limits further work to clarifying escalation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. Risk management (lack of adherence to care plan) – the Coroner found that observations between 16.00 and 17.00 on the day of Mr Charles’ death were suspended by the ward shift co-ordinator. The decision meant all patients subject to general observation on the ward were ignored.3. Risk management and record keeping. | 4. | The Safe and Supportive Observations Policy does not allow for this to happen. However, if this becomes an issue due to teams being short staffed then escalation needs to be clearer | 1. Review of Policy to encompass escalation process”

    Source location

    NELFT NHS Foundation Trust Action Plan
    Page 4 · response
    Published 5 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Concerns about care provision and coordination are mainly for the NHS Trust to address.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Your report raises concerns over the provision and coordination of care that Winbourne received at North East London NHS Foundation Trust, which are mainly for the Trust to address. I understand that the Trust has already carefully considered the matters of concern in your report and has provided you with a comprehensive response as well as a copy of its action plan setting out the actions to be taken to improve care quality and patient safety.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 May 2023

    Open published response
  4. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Sharon Elizabeth Langley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sharon Elizabeth Langley, an inpatient with Severe Depressive Disorder and Psychosis, died by immersion in water while unsupervised in an assisted bathroom at Princess Alexandra Hospital on 10 August 2019. The principal concerns included failures in the immediate emergency response, inadequate communication and coordination, shortcomings in bathroom and high-risk-area safety measures, confusion about bath-plug controls, unreliable investigation and learning processes, and inadequate record keeping and risk documentation.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Incomplete recording of multidisciplinary decisions, observation rationale and risk-management plans

    Wider context from the report

    “(8) Quality of record keeping was not deemed to be appropriate by senior staff during evidence: a. Significant examples of cut and paste including out-of-date risk information at all grades of ward staff, and b. omissions in multi-disciplinary decision-making and risk of self-harm with no rationale for the level of observations set for the patient and a plan for how risks should be managed ”

    Source location

    Sharon Elizabeth Langley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Roll out electronic observations across the Trust while maintaining review and assurance of observation records and multidisciplinary observation-level decisions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- In relation to completion of engagement and supportive observation records, local procedure is in place whereby the observation is completed by the assigned staff member in full. The Nurse in Charge at the end of the shift will sign the observations chart off. These are checked by the ward manager for assurance they’ve been completed accurately and in full before being uploaded to the electronic clinical records system. EPUT has piloted the use of electronic observations (e-obs) which is now being rolled out across the Trust. Observation levels are reviewed regularly by the MDT and documented within the care review documentation.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 7 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Undertake horizon scanning on multidisciplinary-team communication and patient-risk management, then review findings and take required actions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- The Trust is currently undertaking horizon scanning relating to MDT communication (including MDT meetings where individual patient risk is discussed and management plans agreed), which is one of EPUT’s nine medium to long term continuous improvement areas. The horizon scan tool is part of the NHS Patient Safety Incident Response Framework toolkit and supports health and social care teams to have a forward look at potential, or current, safety themes and issues. The horizon scanning tool uses the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework to structure conversations about work as done and emerging patient and staff safety risks. The findings will be reviewed and actions taken as required.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 7 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response
  5. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Doris Joyce Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Doris Joyce Smith fell on Ruby Ward on 9 October 2020, suffered a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage, and died on 14 October 2020. The report identifies concerns about delayed and inaccurate falls risk assessments, inadequate neurological and ward observations, failure to implement physiotherapy advice, poor record keeping, and ineffective communication about the care and observation levels required.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of effective communication about required care, treatment and observation levels

    Wider context from the report

    “(6) Lack of effective communication as to the care and treatment required for Doris Smith between Trust staff and the levels of observations required to keep her safe on the ward ”

    Source location

    Doris Joyce Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to reconsider observation levels after falls in light of physiotherapist advice

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) Doris Smith had falls on the ward and her level of observations was not reconsidered in light of advice from the physiotherapist after each fall. ”

    Source location

    Doris Joyce Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Confusing observation policy failing to address physical healthcare risks

    Wider context from the report

    “(4) The Trust Observation Policy is used in different therapeutic settings and is confusing as to the Levels of Observation required and the focus is on risk for mental health rather then physical healthcare issues that may arise. ”

    Source location

    Doris Joyce Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ensure physiotherapy input at daily safety huddles, including communication of observation requirements and risk-mitigation plans.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- The unit physiotherapist attends the daily safety huddle to ensure effective communication within and between the clinical team. Where this is not possible, the physiotherapy assistant attends to provide a handover of assessments and plans and to receive updates on any patients requiring physiotherapy input. During these meetings, the physiotherapist or their assistant will contribute to discussion around requirement for observation and other risk mitigating interventions. Any changes to the patient’s care are communicated with the team and are updated within the clinical records, and the mobility poster displayed in their bed area where relevant.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 4 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Display and maintain patient-bedroom mobility-assistance posters, updating and communicating them when mobility needs change.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- Posters are displayed in patient bedrooms to clearly inform the patient and supporting staff of the mobility assistance they require, and includes details of aids they may require for the hearing and visual needs. The posters are initiated by physiotherapy staff and updated by them or the occupational therapy staff. When an update is completed, this is emailed to the team, updated within the clinical records, discussed at the safety huddle and handover. This ensures prompt and thorough communication sharing. This was in place at the time Doris was an inpatient and remains current practice.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop two standard operating procedures covering inpatient falls management and post-fall management.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition to the falls risk assessment and the admission checklist which aid the staff member to introduce falls reduction interventions and strategies for that patient, the Trust is currently engaged with Carradale futures in a project to produce two Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that relate to the management of inpatient falls. These are management of falls the inpatient setting and the management of a patient following a fall.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use clinical guidance and neurological observation charts to specify post-fall neurological assessment, Glasgow Coma Scale recording and observation frequencies.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “observations. The ‘Clinical Guideline on the Use of National Early Warning Score System (NEWS2) (CG87) provides staff with a framework for the identification and management of patients who are at risk of physiological deterioration. It has information on when physiological observations must be taken, when to complete a monitoring plan for physiological observations, how to record these observations and what to do if the metrics are abnormal.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 5 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response
  6. Leicester City and South Leicestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Samantha Jane BOAZMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Samantha Jane Boazman, who was detained under section 3 of the Mental Health Act and living in a locked rehabilitation ward, was found unresponsive in her bathroom on 22 October 2021 and was pronounced dead later that evening. The report identified concerns about delayed access to emergency equipment and CPR, and about predictable and inadequate recording of patient observations. The inquest jury found gross neglect involving shortcomings including inadequate training, failure to remove ligature risks from bedrooms, and inadequate induction and training of temporary staff.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Disconnect between observation policy, staff instructions and pre-printed recording forms

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Observation Policy At the time of Samantha’s death observations were conducted and recorded in a predictable and prescriptive way by healthcare staff. The quality of the observations recorded at the time of Samantha’s death were such that they did not accord with the expectation of the policy and merely recorded where the patient was and what they were doing. Effective observations were acknowledged as being a vital tool to assess and manage the risk of a patient. Inmind Healthcare Group’s new observation Policy states: ‘Observations are a therapeutic intervention aimed at reducing factors which contribute to increased risk and promoting recovery. The use of enhanced observation levels should never be regarded as routine practice…… Observation practice must focus on engaging the person therapeutically and enabling them to address their difficulties constructively. Our interactions must seek to create rapport which allows those in our care to feel valued and safe to share their experiences with us’. Since Samantha’s death changes have been made by Inmind Healthcare Group to their policy and practice, in that observations are now recorded at the precise time they are conducted and are infrequent in their predictability (eg: hourly observation should be conducted once hourly rather than on the hour every hour). Evidence of recent observation records demonstrated that this was now practice. However, there was a disconnect between the new policy and the pre-printed forms being used to record observations; what staff were being instructed to do and what they were recording. This was confusing and the evidence produced did not support the expectations of the new policy or demonstrate it had become embedded practice. The evidence produced did not support a change in staff recording quality observations, so that whilst precise and intermittent timings were evidenced, beyond the location of the patient or what they were doing, the actual presentation of the patient was not being recorded. ”

    Source location

    Samantha Jane BOAZMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 5 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Replace hospital observation forms with two centralised forms used across all Inmind hospitals.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “13. Inmind immediately reviewed the forms used at Sturdee Community Hospital and in the other hospitals run by Inmind and found staff had been using a variety of forms rather than one centralised document. All pre-existing forms have been systematically deleted from computers in the hospitals and replaced with two forms which are now available on the shared drive and used by all Inmind Hospitals. Copies of these two forms are appended: Intermittent observations (MV5) and Continuous Observations (MV6).”

    Source location

    Response from Inmind Healthcare Group
    Page 6 · response
    Published 31 January 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update the Inmind Observations Policy to require centralised forms and compliance with national NHS standards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “14. The Inmind Observations Policy has been updated to ensure these centralised forms are used and ensure that observations are made in line with national NHS standards.”

    Source location

    Response from Inmind Healthcare Group
    Page 7 · response
    Published 31 January 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train HCAs and other staff to complete meaningful observation records, followed by competency assessment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “15. Further training has been provided to HCAs and other staff to ensure the completion of these observation forms is optimised so that the entries are meaningful and assist others in gathering information about the patient and any potentially escalating scenarios. After training, staff undergo a competency assessment.”

    Source location

    Response from Inmind Healthcare Group
    Page 7 · response
    Published 31 January 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Carry out regular audits of observation-record quality across all Inmind hospitals, overseen by the Group Medical Director.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “16. In addition to the further training provided to staff, I confirm that regular audits of the quality of the entries in observation records will be carried out by the Hospital Directors (or Deputy Hospital Directors) across all the Inmind hospitals. These audits will be overseen by the Medical Director of the Inmind Healthcare Group. Any HCA who fails to make appropriate observation entries will be spoken to and further training provided, if necessary.”

    Source location

    Response from Inmind Healthcare Group
    Page 7 · response
    Published 31 January 2023

    Open published response
  7. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Jayden Andrew Booroff · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jayden Andrew Booroff died after absconding from The Linden Centre and being struck by a train on 23 October 2020. The report identified concerns about risk assessments, observation levels, ward security, absconsion procedures, record keeping, medication, and communication between healthcare professionals and emergency services.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of risk assessments to capture key risk information before ward observation levels are reduced

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust risk assessments missed key risk information that led to a reduction in observations levels on the ward. ”

    Source location

    Jayden Andrew Booroff · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Revise observation recording documentation and add observation-level decision and audit requirements to assurance audits.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The Trust engagement and supportive observation processes were reviewed. Following this review, the document in which observations are recorded on was revised to support recording of actual time for each observation. Policy revisions related to roles for decreasing observations and auditing of observations was also added to the Matrons Assurance Tendable audits.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 1 · response
    Published 3 February 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce an Engagement and Observation Plan recording observation commencement, review, changes and discontinuation against patient risk.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “An observation and engagement task and finish group was established to undertake a full review of processes and implemented a number of improvements including:”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 1 · response
    Published 3 February 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement an electronic clinical dashboard showing recent clinical entries, current risk assessments and observation levels at handover.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The Trust has implemented a new electronic clinical dashboard, which provides an overview of documentation for ward staff. This is used at handover, and allows staff to view the three most recent clinical entries for each patient, including up to date risk assessments and observation levels. Record keeping audits also take place to support assurance and monitoring processes.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the Trustwide Engagement and Supportive Observation Procedure to require MDT decisions informed by comprehensive risk assessment and documented care-plan rationale.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• In relation to the risk information which led to a reduction in the engagement and supportive observation levels; the Trustwide Engagement and Supportive Observation Procedure was further reviewed in January 2022 and outlines decisions about the level of observation should be made by the multi-disciplinary team (MDT). The procedure also references the requirement of considering a patient’s risk assessment in the decision discussion of observation levels. In particular, that a risk assessment is completed through interview with the patient and carers, careful study of the patient history, use of ratified risk assessment tools, and include assessments of other professionals. A patient’s care plan will contain the rationale for the observation level agreed, details of their risk assessment and how this is managed.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Configure risk-assessment documentation in Paris and Mobius to carry forward risk history while capturing newly identified risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• At present, risk assessment documentation within Paris and Mobius are “trending” which means they capture information from the previously typed risk assessment and pull this automatically into a new risk assessment form. This will ensure that risk history is included within one place, whilst new identified risk can be included to ensure the comprehensive nature of the assessment. The information can be considered when making clinical decisions with the patient and their family, and can be incorporated into their risk management plan.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue observation assurance monitoring through Tendable and observation-engagement audits, with weekly review of findings by the Inpatient Clinical Support Group.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust continues with observation assurance monitoring and has strengthened some of these processes. Key assurance monitoring includes:”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 3 · response
    Published 3 February 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue the adult inpatient record-keeping clinical audit covering current risk assessments, risk-management plans, MDT input, observation care plans and crisis plans.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Clinical Audits: Adult Inpatient Wards Record Keeping Audit continues to be part of the Trust Clinical Audit Programme. Clinical audit is a proven method of quality improvement and an important mechanism for providing assurance in relation to the provision of safe and effective patient care. It gives staff a systematic way of looking at their practice and making improvements.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 3 · response
    Published 3 February 2023

    Open published response
  8. Liverpool and the Wirral

    AI-generated summary

    Katharine Mary TYRER · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Katharine Mary TYRER died at the scene on 12 April 2018 after being found unresponsive with a ligature in a bathroom on the Lakefield Ward. The report identified concerns about the ward layout limiting observation, inadequate risk assessment, missed opportunities to respond to increased short-term risk, and the absence of a clear protocol for escalation and enhanced monitoring.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ward layout failing to support easy observation of vulnerable patients

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The ward layout did not lend itself to easy observation of patients. The Court’s expert considered it ‘wholly inadequate’. The jury felt that this contributed more than minimally to Katharine’s death. A number of rooms (including Katharine’s room, 23) were remote from the nursing station and largely out of sight unless visited for a specific purpose. Whilst I am aware that some changes have been made since 2018, I am concerned that the current layout continues to place vulnerable patients, who might take their own lives, at risk. It is appreciated that the Trust might not be in a position to create a ward which eliminates all of the layout issues. However, mitigation measures might be appropriate if the present facilities are to be used on an ongoing basis in an unmodified form. I am concerned that the limitations presented by the current layout may mean that staffing levels need to be adjusted to allow for greater levels of informal observation, oversight and monitoring. ”

    Source location

    Katharine Mary TYRER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient staffing levels for informal observation, oversight and monitoring

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The ward layout did not lend itself to easy observation of patients. The Court’s expert considered it ‘wholly inadequate’. The jury felt that this contributed more than minimally to Katharine’s death. A number of rooms (including Katharine’s room, 23) were remote from the nursing station and largely out of sight unless visited for a specific purpose. Whilst I am aware that some changes have been made since 2018, I am concerned that the current layout continues to place vulnerable patients, who might take their own lives, at risk. It is appreciated that the Trust might not be in a position to create a ward which eliminates all of the layout issues. However, mitigation measures might be appropriate if the present facilities are to be used on an ongoing basis in an unmodified form. I am concerned that the limitations presented by the current layout may mean that staffing levels need to be adjusted to allow for greater levels of informal observation, oversight and monitoring. ”

    Source location

    Katharine Mary TYRER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reconfigure the ward as a 20-bed facility to improve patient observation and oversight.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In response to the above I can confirm that the ward was reconfigured in October 2021 when it has become a 20-bed facility. As a result, the new ward layout assists with observation and oversight. The layout of the ward is in line with the existing estate available. For any new build developments or full refurbishments, the Trust is aware of and would plan the specifications in accordance with the Health Building Note 03-01 (Adult Acute Mental Health Units). This best practice guidance concurs with the Care Quality Commission (CQC) regulatory framework (regulation 15).”

    Source location

    Response from Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Relocate the ligature knife and position nurse stations within ward corridor areas to support appropriate observations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “At the time of the incident the ward was a 24-bed facility and was appropriately staffed according to the number of beds. Immediately post incident several improvement actions were taken in respect of the location of the ligature knife and nurse stations situated within the ward (including corridor areas) to support appropriate observations.”

    Source location

    Response from Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Staffing is adjusted for the ward environment, patient acuity and individual needs, so further staffing changes are not indicated.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust is aware of the limitations of the existing ward environment in respect of the age of the Springview building and the ability to observe all areas and as such the staffing levels are adjusted according to the ward environment, acuity and patient needs.”

    Source location

    Response from Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 October 2022

    Open published response
  9. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Sandra Kirk · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sandra Kirk was found unresponsive in the ensuite bathroom of her bedroom at Cygnet Hospital on 2 August 2021 and was declared deceased after resuscitation attempts were unsuccessful. The inquest found that she died from asphyxia due to a ligature around her neck. Concerns included inadequate guidance on identifying and removing potential ligatures, including items of clothing, and the limited risk reduction provided by observation intervals.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Limited risk reduction from observation frequency for high-risk patients

    Wider context from the report

    “- The evidence in this inquest was that Cygnet’s Ligature Risk Reduction Policy and the Ligature Audit Tool/Ligature Risk Assessment are standard documents used by Mental Health inpatient providers, including NHS Psychiatric Trusts. - The Ligature Risk Reduction Policy quotes the CQC guidance of 2015, that “Three-quarters of people who kill themselves whilst on a psychiatric ward do so by hanging or strangulation”. - Whilst these documents provide detailed guidance in respect of minimising ligature anchor points, they do not give guidance as to minimising potential ligatures themselves, which are defined as “Any item which can be used to make a loop or noose with the intention of limiting the supply of oxygen to an individual by hanging or asphyxiation”. - Rather than emphasising the very real risk that specific items of clothing, ████████, can pose to vulnerable patients, the document places emphasis on avoiding ‘blanket restrictions’ which does not assist in identifying where the real risks lie. - Death by the use of a ligature is likely to occur within a few minutes, whereas observations for a high-risk patient not assessed as being in immediate crisis, will generally be carried out four times in every hour, which therefore provides only a limited degree of risk reduction. Consideration should be given as to efficacy of such a policy and whether this can be improved by recognising that some items of clothing will be more obvious ligature risks and may need to be removed in all cases. ”

    Source location

    Sandra Kirk · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review national risk-assessment guidance and assess moving to an evidence-based, personalised safety-planning approach.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Regarding the national guidance around risk assessments (relevant to your comments around observations and risk reduction), I would like to provide my assurance that this is currently being reviewed and work is underway to assess a move to a more personalised safety planning approach, in line with an evidence base. The concerns raised in PFD reports, including your Report dated 26 September 2022, are communicated to the national policy and programme teams to help inform their work around this.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England (2)
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 October 2022

    Open published response
  10. Norfolk

    AI-generated summary

    Eliot HARRIS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Eliot Harris, who had schizophrenia and diabetes, was admitted to Northgate under the Mental Health Act after his condition deteriorated. His food and fluid intake remained minimal, he was last seen conscious on 9 April, and he was found unresponsive and declared dead in the early hours of 10 April 2020; the inquest recorded the medical cause of death as unascertained and an open conclusion. Concerns included inadequate observations and staff training, unclear allocation of night-duty responsibilities, incomplete records and care planning, reluctance to enter his room when concerned for his welfare, and uncertainty about ensuring requested physical health checks were completed.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to carry out observations in accordance with policy

    Wider context from the report

    “1) Substantial evidence was heard at the inquest with regard to observations which were not carried out in respect of Eliot Harris in accordance with NSFT’s Policy and with regard to staff not undergoing training and assessment of their competency to carry out observations correctly. Quality audits undertaken following Eliot Harris’s death, show that observations are still not being carried out and recorded in accordance with NSFT’s most recent policy – more than two years following Eliot’s death. Not all staff have completed training with regard to carrying out of observations or have undergone and assessment of their competency to carry out observations ”

    Source location

    Eliot HARRIS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver ward-specific Safety Day training on clinical risk, care planning, incident learning and therapeutic observations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Locally, within Great Yarmouth Acute Service the team have implemented a Safety Day, which is training specifically developed for the ward and includes sessions on clinical risk assessment, care planning, learning from incidents with a detailed focus on therapeutic observations policy. To date, 19 of the 27 staff have attended the day with two further days planned. In addition, the Matron is leading on refreshing staffs understanding of the therapeutic observation policy by re-completion of the competency assessment.”

    Source location

    Response form Norfolk and Suffolk Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 3 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Refresh staff understanding of the therapeutic observations policy through competency reassessment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Locally, within Great Yarmouth Acute Service the team have implemented a Safety Day, which is training specifically developed for the ward and includes sessions on clinical risk assessment, care planning, learning from incidents with a detailed focus on therapeutic observations policy. To date, 19 of the 27 staff have attended the day with two further days planned. In addition, the Matron is leading on refreshing staffs understanding of the therapeutic observation policy by re-completion of the competency assessment.”

    Source location

    Response form Norfolk and Suffolk Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 3 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share learning from the inquest with ward staff through a scheduled Registered Nurses Day.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Learning from the inquest has been shared with the ward team which has included the vital importance of completing therapeutic observations in line with the policy. The learning will be further shared within a Registered Nurses Day scheduled for November.”

    Source location

    Response form Norfolk and Suffolk Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the Therapeutic Observations Policy to consider strengthened training, documentation, ward controls, staff guidance and assurance processes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The goal of improving the application of therapeutic observations is important with a continuing improvement and monitoring focus. Training and audits form parts of the system to manage the safety and quality. The Trust is commencing a planned review of the Therapeutic Observations Policy, examining options to strengthen all areas including training, documentation, ward controls, guidance for staff and assurance processes. In addition, the ward has reviewed and significantly enhanced their local induction process which is overseen by the Clinical Team Leader.”

    Source location

    Response form Norfolk and Suffolk Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Strengthen the therapeutic-observations policy guidance on entering rooms during immediate welfare concerns and seeking help for staff safety.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Supporting people, during times of risk and harm, as soon as it is safe to do so is important part of providing good care. Through our physical interventions training we promote consideration of safety, accompanied with message to seek support. Alongside this consideration of safety, human factors can influence people’s thinking when experiencing unfamiliar or intense situations. We are therefore seeking insights from other mental health Trusts as to any actions and programmes that they apply. In addition, the Safety Day includes a session on the Therapeutic Observation policy which includes a discussion on entering a room when there are immediate concerns for the patient’s welfare and how seek help if there are potential concerns for their own safety. This message has been strengthened within the Therapeutic Observations ‘Policy on a Page’”

    Source location

    Response form Norfolk and Suffolk Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 3 October 2022

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026