Recurring concern

Unreliable aspiration assessment and prevention

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First reported 23 Jul 2019•Latest report 18 Jun 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of controls specifically dedicated to assessing, preventing or managing aspiration risk, including aspiration-exclusion testing, relevant clinical policies and procedures, staff understanding of those controls, and their application to patients prone to aspiration.

Not included

  • Excludes general swallowing, nutrition or respiratory-care deficiencies that are not specifically tied to aspiration risk.
  • Excludes failures limited to treatment of aspiration pneumonia after aspiration has occurred unless they also concern the aspiration-prevention or assessment process.
  • Excludes generic training, communication, documentation or staffing deficiencies unless they directly impair an aspiration-specific control.
  • Excludes unrelated diagnostic tests and clinical assessments where aspiration is not the identified safety concern.
Reports
3

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
4

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2019–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
9

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust1
Greater Manchester Police1
Milton Keynes University Hospital1
University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Milton Keynes

    AI-generated summary

    Edward Joseph CASSIN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Edward Joseph Cassin was a 66-year-old man with learning difficulties and dysphagia who was developing aspiration pneumonia while in hospital on 24 June 2023. He was given jelly despite it being contraindicated, was not properly supervised while eating, and experienced hypoglycaemic episodes that were not managed according to hospital guidelines; aspiration and the pneumonia were not recognised. The report raised concerns about staff understanding of aspiration-management policies and siloed working between the two NHS trusts providing services.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of understanding of aspiration investigation and management policies and procedures

    Wider context from the report

    “The Speech and Language Therapists (SALT) and Dietetic Service had well developed, comprehensive guidelines for investigating and managing patients prone to aspiration. Those guidelines were disseminated through the wards at Milton Keynes University Hospital and nursing and other staff were appraised of them or at least, should have been. I was disturbed to discover though that there was a lack of understanding of some of those policies and procedures some 22 months or so after the death. The SALT and Dietetic services are provided by the Central and North West London NHS Trust into the Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. It appeared to me that both Trusts were working to a degree in a siloed manner and that closer co-operation and sharing of clinical responsibility would benefit patients in a similar position in the future. ”

    Source location

    Edward Joseph CASSIN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide enhanced safe-swallowing training covering referrals, recommendations and practical preparation of compliant drinks and snacks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The SALT Team continue to provide regular training and support to hospital staff on safe swallowing to enhance their knowledge and understanding. This training has been reviewed to ensure that it provides relevant information to staff about how to identify which patients require a referral to the SALT Team, how to make these referrals and how to ensure that”

    Source location

    Response from Central North West London NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish a multiprofessional group to develop dysphagia resources for wards and departments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Actions Taken”

    Source location

    Response from Milton Keynes University Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ensure staff understand thickened-fluids guidance and can identify and prepare appropriate diets.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Actions Taken”

    Source location

    Response from Milton Keynes University Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review current nutritional and dysphagia training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In Progress:”

    Source location

    Response from Milton Keynes University Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop a dedicated dysphagia policy.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Planned:”

    Source location

    Response from Milton Keynes University Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce practical training on special-diet textures and preparation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Planned:”

    Source location

    Response from Milton Keynes University Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Issue a clinical-leader call to action on diet, fluid management and staff training responsibilities.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Following the inquest, the Chief Nurse issued a ‘call to action’ email to all clinical ward leaders, reminding them of their responsibilities regarding diet and fluid management and the importance of staff training. This coincided with the release of the updated ‘thickened fluids’ posters.”

    Source location

    Response from Milton Keynes University Hospital
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver Fundamentals of Care training for clinical staff, including nutrition, hydration and special-diet content.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Training and Education The Trust is delivering a Fundamentals of Care training programme for all clinical staff. Each month, a different topic is covered through 7-minute learning sessions and ward-based discussions. Topics include:”

    Source location

    Response from Milton Keynes University Hospital
    Page 3 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implemented dysphagia-care measures are considered sufficient to fulfil the Regulation 28 requirements and ensure safe, appropriate care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Prior to and following the conclusion of the inquest, the Trust has implemented a number of measures to ensure appropriate processes are in place for the care of patients with dysphagia. I believe these actions fulfil the requirements set out in the Regulation 28 Report and, most importantly, will ensure that patients with dysphagia receive safe, appropriate care from well-informed and trained staff.”

    Source location

    Response from Milton Keynes University Hospital
    Page 1 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response
  2. Plymouth, Torbay and South Devon

    AI-generated summary

    Name not published · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    The deceased had significant comorbidities, including ischaemic heart disease, and was admitted to hospital for a blood transfusion following a diagnosis of anaemia. An endoscopy to investigate blood loss was abandoned, and on the balance of probability her oesophagus was perforated during the procedure; she developed surgical emphysema, deteriorated and died at Derriford Hospital on 11 December 2017. Concerns included discrepancies in consent for endoscopy, failure to perform or address a ‘sip test’ to exclude aspiration, failure to act on a report indicating a possible dangerous complication, and inadequate record-keeping or transfer of records by senior staff.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to perform a sip test to exclude aspiration

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) A ‘sip test’ to exclude aspiration was not performed, and there has been no evidence that this had been noted or remedied at the Trust. ”

    Source location

    Name not published · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to identify or remedy the absent aspiration-exclusion test

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) A ‘sip test’ to exclude aspiration was not performed, and there has been no evidence that this had been noted or remedied at the Trust. ”

    Source location

    Name not published · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Sip checking is basic post-recovery care, not a diagnostic test for perforation, and its small fluid volume would not cause mediastinitis.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The use of ‘sip’ checking, i.e. ‘drinking a small amount of water post-oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) is to indicate that patients are able to swallow and do not aspirate liquid into the lungs before being allowed to eat. This is part of basic care and doesn’t constitute a diagnostic procedure, merely an aid to support post recovery after an OGD. The sip check is not a test to exclude perforation and the small volume of fluid would not result in mediastinitis.”

    Source location

    2021-0211-University-Hospitals-Plymouth_Published
    Page 3 · response
    Published 28 June 2021

    Open published response
  3. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Adam Harris · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Adam Harris died at Tameside General Hospital on 20 April 2018 from alcohol and cocaine toxicity after collapsing at Ashton Police Station following his arrest and detention. Concerns included the absence of documented triage or risk assessment while prisoners waited in the van dock, lack of searches before transport, unclear handover arrangements, delayed creation of the custody record, and inconsistent evidence about his position in the cell while confused and suspected to be intoxicated.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inconsistent guidance on safe positioning of confused or intoxicated prisoners

    Wider context from the report

    “5. The inquest was told by one officer that Mr Harris was left in the cell on his back and that position was correct and in accordance with GMP guidance. Another officer indicated he was left in the recovery position/face down and that was correct/appropriate. Given Mr Harris’s level of confusion and suspected intoxication it was unclear how placing him on his back would assist with managing a risk of aspiration. ”

    Source location

    Adam Harris · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver annual specialist training on current detainee restraint techniques and continually review those methods using operational, professional and case-review feedback.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Response: All operational Police Officers and Staff are trained annually by our own specialists who teach the latest restraint techniques for detainees. The restraint techniques taught are derived from”

    Source location

    2019-0247-Response-from-Greater-Manchester-Police
    Page 5 · response
    Published 9 September 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    No approved technique permits leaving a detainee on their back in a police cell, contrary to the concern that this position complied with guidance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Response: All operational Police Officers and Staff are trained annually by our own specialists who teach the latest restraint techniques for detainees. The restraint techniques taught are derived from”

    Source location

    2019-0247-Response-from-Greater-Manchester-Police
    Page 5 · response
    Published 9 September 2019

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026