Recurring concern

Failure to investigate concerning presentations beyond initial appearance and self-report

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First reported 28 Apr 2015•Latest report 30 Mar 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures by staff responsible for safety assessment or care to investigate further when a person’s presentation, behaviour, withdrawal, history or reported account should prompt additional enquiry, collateral information gathering or assessment; include the anchor, over-reliance on a prisoner's presentation in ACCT work, and failure to recognise withdrawal as a significant risk.

Not included

  • Excludes failures belonging to a separately named assessment, observation or risk-management system when that system provides the more specific supported parent boundary.
  • Excludes generic professional-curiosity, communication or training concerns where no failure to investigate a concerning presentation or risk beyond initial appearance or self-report is identified.
  • Excludes failures limited to the quality of treatment, escalation or follow-up after a sufficiently thorough assessment has been completed.
  • Excludes ordinary reliance on a patient's account or presentation where no concerning feature, change or risk required further investigation.
Reports
19

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
20

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2015–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
37

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Cornwall Council2
Cygnet Health Care Limited2
Department of Health and Social Care2
Ministry of Justice2
NHS Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly Integrated Care Board2
Bolton Cares1
British Sub-Aqua Club1
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust1
Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust1
Derby City Council1
Derbyshire Constabulary1
Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust1
General Medical Council1
Glen Parva Young Offender Institution1
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Rickie Wai Kee POON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Rickie Poon, a dismissed police officer detained under the Mental Health Act and later remanded in custody at HMP Pentonville, was found hanging in his cell one month after arriving at the prison. The jury found failures in the prison’s ACCT process contributed to his death, including inadequate management, accountability, training, implementation of actions and the early closure of the ACCT; concerns were also raised about inappropriate CPR after he had died.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Over-reliance of prison staff on a single presentation for ACCT knowledge

    Wider context from the report

    “The jury found that the following failures at HMP Pentonville in the ACCT (assessment care in custody and teamwork) process contributed to Mr Poon’s death: • the ACCT process was not managed and implemented properly, e.g. supervising officers did not consistently acquaint themselves with case notes or history when completing reviews; record keeping was inadequate; agreed actions were not consistently implemented; and ACCT reviews lacked structure and consistency; • accountability was insufficient, e.g. there was no follow up when actions were missed in the ACCT document, sign offs were completed inaccurately, hand overs were not completed between staff, and an important email was not read or followed up on; • there were gaps in training and knowledge, e.g. ACCT training had expired and prison staff overly relied on Rickie’s presentation; • the ACCT was closed too soon. The jury also found that the level of ACCT observations was reduced inappropriately, but they were unclear as to whether this impacted on the outcome. ”

    Source location

    Rickie Wai Kee POON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver continuous suicide and self-harm prevention training through the reintroduced Pentonville Speed School.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “You will be aware that ACCT is the key tool by which staff manage and support those at risk of suicide or self-harm in custody. All newly recruited prison officers receive a full day of training on suicide and self-harm prevention as part of their initial prison officer training, which includes the ACCT process. A continuous learning approach is taken, and locally, HMP Pentonville has re-introduced the “Pentonville Speed School”, which is an initiative that”

    Source location

    Response from HMPPS
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 April 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Responsibility for the concerns about HMPPS and HMP Pentonville rests with separate organisations, so no response is proposed.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We do not propose to respond to the points raised above in respect of HMPPS and HMP Pentonville as these matters are for separate organisation.”

    Source location

    Response from Practice Plus Group
    Page 3 · response
    Published 10 April 2026

    Open published response
  2. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly

    AI-generated summary

    Izzah Fatima Ali · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Izzah Fatima Ali, a nine-month-old infant, died after developing profound iron-deficiency anaemia associated with consumption of cow’s milk. The report identified concerns about healthcare professionals failing to establish what was in her bottles, insufficient consideration of cultural practices, and the repeated absence of an interpreter during ante- and post-natal visits.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of culturally informed professional curiosity in infant feeding assessment

    Wider context from the report

    “1) A theme that emerged during the evidence was the repeated reference to Izzah being ‘bottle-fed’ without further inquiry. In this country, bottle-fed infers ‘formula-fed’ but it is a presumption and in this case it was a wrongly assumed presumption. As one witness observed: ‘bottle-fed’ does not explain what was in the bottle. It could be a formula preparation, equally, it could be expressed breast milk. In this case, it was cow’s milk but until Izzah’s last admission into hospital no healthcare professional established that crucial fact. That reflects a failure to recognise that ‘bottle-fed’ is an incomplete description and requires an additional question of what is in the bottle. It also reflects a lack of appreciation around different cultural practices: while it may be assumed that cow’s milk would not be given to an infant under one in this country, it does not automatically follow that the same is true in other countries, for example, Pakistan. There was, in my judgment, an element of assumption made here which could alternatively be described as a lack of professional curiosity. - A second concern that emerged was that during both ante- and post-natal visits to a woman who did not speak English, no interpreter was involved, contrary to guidance. ”

    Source location

    Izzah Fatima Ali · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Instruct staff to record specific feeding details when nutrition may be linked to a child’s attendance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Our Minor Injuries Unit staff have asked to ensure that, should there be any concern about a child’s nutrition and if it is considered this could be linked to an attendance, staff should ask for specific details, including what is being fed.”

    Source location

    Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 December 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver mandatory infant-feeding training covering cultural practices, professional curiosity, interpreters and safe formula guidance, including recorded catch-up.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Staff training and mandatory webinar”

    Source location

    Response from Cornwall Council
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 December 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update infant-feeding training materials to reflect guidance on terminology, professional curiosity and bottle feeding.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• We have met with the Senior Clinical Lead from the 0-19 Clinical Programme Unit from the Department of Health and Social Care to discuss terminology and advice regarding bottle feeding, and there has been no change nationally to the term bottle feeding. We will be providing further guidance and training to staff through the webinars arranged regarding professional curiosity in relation to formula/bottle feeding and we have updated all training that is provided in relation to infant feeding.”

    Source location

    Response from Cornwall Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 18 December 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Add targeted quality-assurance checks on bottle-content recording and interpreter use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1-3 months (embed)”

    Source location

    Response from Cornwall Council
    Page 3 · response
    Published 18 December 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share the case across the organisation to increase professional awareness and confidence in asking about infant feeding.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Izzah’s case has been widely shared across the organisation and has increased professional awareness, knowledge and confidence in asking the appropriate question on feeding in infants.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 December 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Change Emergency Department feeding questions from “bottle” to “formula” and update paediatric clerking proformas accordingly.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Emergency Department are to change their language when asking parents about how babies are fed from ‘bottle’ to ‘formula’ – e.g. ‘is your baby formula or breast fed?’ In addition, ED documentation in terms of proformas for paediatric clerking in the ED by both medical and nursing staff will reflect this change.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 December 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Embed routine enquiry about bottle contents in the inpatient children’s admission documentation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In relation to our paediatric team, completion of routine enquiry will be embedded into the admission proforma use for our inpatient children’s ward. “What is in the bottle?” has become a standard enquiry for us all in paediatrics and will be included in their admission documentation. Support can then be provided for families if indicated.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 December 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ask a mandatory question about the exact nature of bottle feeding during maternity care whenever safely possible.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Maternity services use routine enquiry about the exact nature of bottle feeding as a mandatory question at every safe opportunity making the identification of need or risk earlier.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 18 December 2025

    Open published response
  3. West Sussex, Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Dominic Edward Arthur HURLEY · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    On 8 July 2024, Dominic Hurley became unwell during an offshore dive, made a rapid uncontrolled ascent, became unconscious, and later died in hospital. The principal concern was that he had not disclosed a previous serious diving incident and cardiac history when renewing his diving licence, with reliance on self-declaration questionnaires without further enquiry or access to previous medical history identified as a potential risk.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Overreliance on self-declaration questionnaires without further enquiry or access to previous medical history

    Wider context from the report

    “In 2018 Mr Hurley suffered shortness of breath and pulmonary oedema during a dive in Malta. This led to him having a heart bypass on his return to the UK. There was significant family history of cardiac related issues. Time passed but in 2021 and 2023 Mr Hurley sort to renew his diving licence. Mr Hurley completed his self declaration questionnaire. At no stage did he declare the events in 2018 in relation to his dive and nor did he discuss this with the Dr assessing him. It is likely that he Dr been aware of the previous diving incident a different course of action may have taken. There is currently too much reliance placed on the self declaration questionnaire without any further enquiry or access to previous medical history. This leads to a false sense of reality and put the diver and others at potential risk of death on further dives. ”

    Source location

    Dominic Edward Arthur HURLEY · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Include immersion pulmonary oedema in the diving medical screening declaration.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The SAA use the medical screening system managed by the UKDMC (United Kingdom Diving Medical Committee) (https://www.ukdmc.org/). I have checked my medical form archive and note that “immersion induced pulmonary oedema” was introduced in the May 2020 version of the declaration at question 17. The current version, May 2024, of the form has this at question 16.”

    Source location

    Response from Sub Aqua Association Space Solutions Business Centre
    Page 1 · response
    Published 19 November 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Remind members at renewal and through periodic newsletters to complete medical declarations accurately.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I believe that the SAA has advised its membership and revised their training programme in such a manner as to have already implemented the changes required to mitigate the risk of IPO when diving, in so far as any risk can be mitigated. However, the SAA will ensure that the membership is reminded of the importance of accurately completing medical by emphasising the fact at renewal and with periodic reminders in their newsletters.”

    Source location

    Response from Sub Aqua Association Space Solutions Business Centre
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 November 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Revised medical screening forms and existing training changes are considered sufficient to mitigate the risk of immersion pulmonary oedema in diving.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I believe that the revision to the current dive medical screening forms now meet the change you are now seeking to make.”

    Source location

    Response from Sub Aqua Association Space Solutions Business Centre
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 November 2025

    Open published response
  4. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Louise Elizabeth Amy Crane · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Louise Elizabeth Amy Crane, who had a history of mental health diagnoses and was detained in hospital under the Mental Health Act, was found suspended by a ligature at Highgate Mental Health Centre on 19 September 2024. The jury found that factors contributing to her death included chronic suicide risk, unsatisfactory information sharing and recording, inadequate risk management, staffing, and insufficient care and treatment on Topaz Ward. The report also raised concerns about record keeping, therapeutic engagement and professional curiosity, ward observations, communication, transitions between wards, and outstanding actions in the Trust’s action plan.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of staff to recognise when a patient is becoming withdrawn

    Wider context from the report

    “4) Therapeutic Engagement / Professional Curiosity – Generally The jury heard evidence from numerous members of Topaz Ward staff who were taken through the care records, that Ms Crane had become withdrawn from around 12 September 2024 onwards. Many of the witnesses denied this, despite the evidence to the contrary. The fact of Ms Crane becoming withdrawn had been identified by staff in PICU as a significant risk factor for Ms Crane. While this may not have been picked up by all staff due to record keeping issues (already identified by the Trust), the concern here is that there appears to have been a general inability among staff to recognise when a patient is becoming withdrawn, which raises concern about underlying professional curiosity. ”

    Source location

    Louise Elizabeth Amy Crane · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Recruit 24 additional Registered Nurses and implement a three-nurse, two-support-worker day-shift staffing ratio across acute inpatient wards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1) A Safe Staffing skill mix review was completed by the Nursing Directorate and approved by the Executive Management Committee to upgrade the staffing model of all acute inpatient wards within the Hospital Division. This means that an additional 24 Registered Nurses will be recruited by October 2025 to initiate the new staffing ratio of 3 Nurses and 2 Health care support workers on day shift (previously 2 nurses and 3 Health care support workers). The increased number of qualified clinical staff will support with dedicated quality time to engage in therapeutic engagement time on the wards. We have also reviewed the input from other allied health professionals (Occupational Therapists, Activity Coordinators and ward Psychologists) to improve engagement via a range of professionals on the inpatient wards.”

    Source location

    Response from North London NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 5 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the Perfect Day model with standardized ward timetables, daily electronic handover templates and documentation of multidisciplinary and observation decisions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4) It is also acknowledged that some of the therapeutic engagement with patients/actions which would evidence professional curiosity were not being captured within our clinical documentation. To support improvement, the Division has rolled out the ‘Perfect Day’ model which essentially standardises the inpatient ward day timetable across all our wards. The Perfect Day model provides a timetable for the day which is predictable and understandable by all staff, patients and visitors. It also provides a standardised digital template for handovers that is completed daily and uploaded to the electronic patient record (EPR) system every day before 11am evidencing key information such as risk, barriers to discharge etc.”

    Source location

    Response from North London NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 6 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Progress ward Culture of Care recommendations arising from multidisciplinary away days and senior leadership review.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Between November 2024 and January 2025 the Trust delivered 15 full away days for the wards on the Highgate campus. These away days used the new NHS ‘Culture of Care’¹ standards as their focus and included all the ward multidisciplinary teams and senior management. Discussions around the importance of therapeutic engagement and professional curiosity were central to these sessions, focusing on identifying barriers and implementing strategies for improvement. They were facilitated by Organisational Development colleagues who compiled reports on the learning from the away days about the different cultures on our wards and reported back to the senior leadership group to support each individual ward with developing their approach to patient care. A set of overarching recommendations was also made and these are currently being progressed as part of the ongoing programme of work.”

    Source location

    Response from North London NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 8 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Progress Topaz ward’s quality-improvement programme on therapeutic engagement through the division-wide improvement programme.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, Topaz ward specifically engaged in an additional Quality Improvement programme of working on ‘Improving Therapeutic Engagement on the ward’. Although this is still in its initial stages, it will be progressed with the wider programme of work being undertaken by the division.”

    Source location

    Response from North London NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 8 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Staff understand therapeutic engagement and professional curiosity, although staffing, time and documentation barriers have affected implementation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Following the inquest, the staff team on Topaz ward have been supported to further reflect on the care provided to Ms Crane, in particular in regard to the findings around lack of professional curiosity and therapeutic engagement. We are satisfied that there is understanding amongst staff about what this is, but it is recognised that there have been barriers to implementing it effectively. Factors involved include staffing levels and skill mix, lack of time due to number of tasks staff are responsible for and standards of clinical documentation. One of the overarching aims of the ongoing improvements is to support staff so that they have time to ensure that every individual’s clinical needs are met. As part of the on-going mandated support program, the Division has initiated several actions to address this:”

    Source location

    Response from North London NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 5 · response
    Published 14 July 2025

    Open published response
  5. Manchester West

    AI-generated summary

    Craig Brendon SPIBY · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Craig Brendon SPIBY, who had a condition that made him susceptible to choking, died on 13 July 2024 after choking on a sandwich while eating lunch unsupervised at an assisted living facility. The principal concerns were inconsistent understanding and use of monitoring and supervision requirements, inadequate clarity in care-plan terminology, insufficient professional curiosity when he was believed to be asleep, limited confidence in choking-related first aid, and a lack of training addressing confirmation bias.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to apply professional curiosity when evaluating assumptions about service-user safety

    Wider context from the report

    “The deceased had an enduring risk of choking, especially at mealtimes, and was the subject of a Care and Support Plan; Bad Day Support Plan; Good Day Consistency and bespoke Eating and Drinking Guidelines that had been updated in 2018. The Care and Support plan made clear that at mealtimes in particular, the deceased ought to be ‘monitored’. The Speech and Language Therapy guidance made clear that at mealtimes the deceased was to be ‘supervised’. Managers gave evidence that their definition of ‘monitoring’ and ‘supervising’ was an expectation that the deceased would be kept in ‘line of sight’ at all times. Care workers gave evidence that they were expected only to ‘monitor’ the deceased – which had the consequence of meaning they felt it appropriate to leave the deceased unsupervised but within earshot, in differing rooms of the care facility for short period of time. Care workers also gave evidence to the effect that improvement to first aid training when dealing with a choking or aspiration emergency would be beneficial. It follows that the following matters of specific concern arise: 1. A lack of understanding and/or training as to the specific requirements and expectations as to the role of care staff when supervising/monitoring a service user. 2. The confusion that arises in the existence differing language that applies in Care Plans and Guidance with no corresponding definition of the terms used. 3. How and why staff having assumed the deceased to have fallen asleep at a mealtime after a period of absence from the room, did not use more professional curiosity to evaluate whether such an assumption was correct or safe. 4. The lack of confidence expressed by staff in the emergency first aid training provided when responding in a choking case. 5. An absence of training to guard against confirmation bias with long term service users who have enduring high risk of choking, but with no actual previously recorded episodes of such events. ”

    Source location

    Craig Brendon SPIBY · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver refresher toolbox training requiring staff to remain physically present during supervision and check unusual behaviour, including when service users fall asleep.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, since the incident, we have provided refresher training to staff, by way of a toolbox talk, to confirm what is expected when a support worker is required to be supervising or monitoring. This reinforces to staff, that they must remain in the room and remain physically present with the supported person, keeping them under observation whilst they are undertaking the task for which they require supervising or monitoring for.”

    Source location

    Response from Bolton Cares
    Page 3 · response
    Published 27 December 2024

    Open published response
  6. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Mnayea ZMF Al Basman · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mnayea ZMF Al Basman, who had significant co-morbidities, underwent a right hemicolectomy for caecal adenocarcinoma and died in hospital on 25 March 2024 after developing sepsis and peritonitis caused by an anastomotic leak. Concerns included failure to escalate aspects of his deterioration to the consultant surgeon, insufficient professional curiosity, inadequate overnight observation planning, and a lack of detail in some records. The report also noted that the events preceding his death had not been subject to an internal investigation, providing little reassurance that these matters had been addressed.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient professional curiosity among clinicians

    Wider context from the report

    “1) The consultant colorectal surgeon was not in the hospital over the weekend of 23/24 March 2024; however, he was able to be contacted if the need arose. The consultant surgeon noted the following matters in relation to the care provided to Mr Al Basman over that weekend: • a further CT scan could have been indicated, particularly given issues with Mr Al Basman’s drain, albeit there was nothing to indicate that any scan was needed on an urgent basis; • some entries in the clinical notes may have been ‘falsely reassuring’; • the physiotherapist who saw Mr Al Basman on the morning of 24 March 2024, noted that he appeared to be ‘declining’ but there was no evidence that this was escalated this to someone within the healthcare team; • there was a degree of insufficient professional curiosity on the part of some clinicians who saw Mr Al Basman; and • there should have been a plan in place to closely observe Mr Al Basman overnight on 24/25 March 2024. 2) Based on the above, the consultant surgeon formed the view that Mr Al Basman’s clinical presentation should have led to the consultant being informed and consulted, but it did not. 3) A number of the notes/records in relation to the care provided to Mr Al Basman, particularly over the weekend of 23/24 March 2024, lacked detail. Given that the events preceding Mr Al Basman’s death have not been the subject of an internal investigation, I received little, if any, reassurance that these matters have been addressed. ”

    Source location

    Mnayea ZMF Al Basman · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly

    AI-generated summary

    Sally Poynton · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sally Poynton, aged 44, was fatally stabbed by her son on 22 June 2021. The report raised concerns about failures in mental-health assessment and follow-up, including inadequate discharge information, difficulties obtaining reassessment, referral handling, communication with family, and discharge without clinical consideration despite signs of deteriorating mental health.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of professional curiosity about drug-taking and its clinical contribution

    Wider context from the report

    “a) In-patient care at Longreach Hospital Approximately one year before Sally’s homicide, ████████ had been detained under s2 of the MHA and spent 10 days at Longreach. At the time, there had been noted changes in his behaviour to include a belief that he could live without food for 10 years (Breatharianism), disinhibited behaviour to include sunbathing naked on a driveway (believing he received energy from the sun) and a stated belief that others could hear his thoughts – thought broadcasting – a potential symptom of schizophrenia. ████████ was selectively mute, fasting and drinking only distilled water. He was assessed on at least three occasions by a consultant psychiatrist, was reviewed by multiple junior medical doctors, seen by mental health nurses and reviewed by the Early Intervention in Psychosis Team. No one saw any evidence of psychosis and it was felt there were no longer grounds in law to detain him. He was discharged without a diagnosis or a plan for future care. At inquest, ████████████ accepted the medical team never completely got to the bottom of the reason for his presentation. His Responsible Clinician, ████████████, referred to a ‘quandary’ in identifying how much of ████████ presentation was due to culture or lifestyle and how much was due to his morbid condition. This uncertainty was not reflected in the discharge summary which described ████████ as a ‘model patient.’ One of the most striking features of the evidence was the difficulty Sally then encountered in having ████████ re-assessed. Indeed, in the year that followed, despite multiple attempts, ████████ was not seen again by a doctor from the mental health team. It is noteworthy that ████████ did not believe himself to be unwell, there appears to have been an assumption he had capacity and as he did not consent to treatment, that appears to have become an insurmountable barrier to further care. I felt there were a number of points of learning: i) An inaccurate or incomplete discharge summary that did not reflect the element of uncertainty in diagnosis both doctors outlined at inquest; ii) A failure to discuss with Sally or the maternal side of ████████ family how he presented, notwithstanding a clear direction following a first ward round to ‘collaborate’ with the family. This seems particularly relevant given Jacob’s mutism which made obtaining a history difficult. It may be of note that there was a difficult family dynamic with an acrimonious separation of ████████ parents. ████████ father was spoken to and there was a reference in the evidence that a member of the in-patient team felt it was Sally’s mental health that needed consideration. It was not explored at inquest whether one side of the family’s views had been accepted at the expense of the other’s. iii) The absence of a plan detailing the route back for ████████ to be seen again if the reason for his bizarre presentation was due to an emerging illness (that worsened) rather than alternative lifestyle choices; iv) A failure to advise Sally, as Nearest Relative, of her statutory right to request ████████ assessment under the MHA. This omission has been noted previously in other PSIF/SIRs. You may wish to reflect whether information in this regard can be included on a website or similar if it is not already and whether there is a need for training of staff in this regard. v) A delay of five months in putting into the RiO records a detailed timeline provided by Sally while ████████ was an in-patient. ████████ accepted that had he seen it at the time, he would have had further questions for Jacob. vi) A lack of understanding or professional curiosity about ████████ drug-taking and the extent to which, if at all, this contributed to ████████ presentation. It was accepted by ████████ that he had been misled by ████████ who had minimised his history in this regard where there was substantial evidence of illicit drug use, including psychotropics. ”

    Source location

    Sally Poynton · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Integrated Care Board is expected to respond to concerns about the specific care provided.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I would expect the Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Integrated Care Board to respond in detail to the concerns you have raised about the specifics of the care that Sally’s son received.”

    Source location

    2024-0267 Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 May 2024

    Open published response
  8. Derby and Derbyshire

    AI-generated summary

    Sobia Tabasim Khan · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sobia Tabasim Khan, aged 37, was murdered shortly after moving from Bradford to Derby to live near a man subject to a restricted hospital order and supervision by multiple agencies. The inquest concluded that her death was an unlawful killing and identified concerns including failures to act on information about the relationship, inadequate supervision and risk assessment, over-reliance on self-reporting, poor record-keeping, and insufficient scrutiny of the man’s discharge and recall.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Over-reliance on self-reporting by a manipulative patient about relationships and risk

    Wider context from the report

    “g. Over-reliance on self-reporting. This was a theme that ran throughout the inquest and the various agencies involved. This was a case that required a forensic approach throughout, both in hospital and in the community. It was recognised that ████████ was narcissistic and manipulative but he was nonetheless relied upon to provide updates as to his mental health, his travel plans and the reasons for them, and – critically - whether or not he was in a relationship. ████████ risk arose primarily in the context of relationships and he was not somebody that could be relied upon to disclose them. On the contrary, he had shown himself willing and adept at concealing them. This underlined why his self-reporting could not be relied upon and this something that should have featured in his management throughout, and flagged at the point of discharge. ”

    Source location

    Sobia Tabasim Khan · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish guidance for supervising conditionally discharged patients in the community.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In July 2023 MHCS published guidance for those supervising conditionally discharged patients in the community¹. The guidance aims to support the supervision and reporting requirements for discharged”

    Source location

    Response from Ministry of Justice
    Page 1 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce a system to identify domestic violence and prompt specific risk questions throughout patients’ movement through hospital.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In 2024, MHCS introduced a new system in order to identify cases where domestic violence has taken place, whether as part of the index offence or in the patient’s history. Once identified, the issue of domestic violence will be highlighted to decision makers at all stages of a patient’s movement through the hospital system and prompt them to ask further, specific questions around domestic violence to ensure that this aspect of the risk is properly considered and mitigated.”

    Source location

    Response from Ministry of Justice
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue identifying opportunities to enhance guidance and share knowledge with stakeholders.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I am confident that the above changes and updated guidance documents, designed to ensure that MHCS are furnished with all relevant information in order to discharge responsibilities under the MHA 1983, and that professionals supervising patients in the community continue to use their professional curiosity has led to an improved overall system. MHCS continue to identify opportunities to enhance our guidance and share knowledge with stakeholders.”

    Source location

    Response from Ministry of Justice
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Add the manipulation measurement tool as an HCR-20 addendum and use it for male service users.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. The manipulation measurement tool, currently used for females, to be added as an addendum to the HCR-20 (a Secure Services Standard Risk Assessment tool for baseline risk assessment) and used for males going forward.”

    Source location

    Response from Cygnet
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the potential manipulation measurement tool at CPA and section 117 meetings and complete an audit by 31 May 2024.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Potential Manipulation and Measurement tool to reviewed at CPAs/s.117 meetings”

    Source location

    Response from Cygnet
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Assess new Forensic Community Mental Health Team patients through two-staff assessment, multidisciplinary discussion and structured risk and diagnostic tools.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The initial assessment of a patient before they are accepted into the FCMHT will be conducted by two staff members followed by a full MDT discussion – the purpose of this approach is to reduce the possibility of having a subjective view of a patient’s need and risks. The FCMHT are trained in conducting structured risk assessments to assess the level of risk posed and structured diagnostic assessments to support diagnosis. These tools are used to augment subjective clinical decision making with objective measures of assessment. Examples of the tools used: the Psychopathy Checklist and International Personality Disorder Examination Assessment.”

    Source location

    Response from Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide additional training to officers and staff on self-reporting and disguised compliance, with MOSOVO personnel completing the national course.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since the recommendations from the DHR were received, the force has made several changes with both training and compliance. We have invested in additional training to upskill our officers and staff and equip them with the skills and knowledge to enable them to effectively manage self-reporting and disguised compliance. All officers and staff working in the Management of Sexual and Violent Offenders (MOSOVO) team have completed the College of Policing MOSOVO training course.”

    Source location

    Response from Derbyshire Constabulary
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver vulnerability training to frontline officers and staff covering controlling and coercive behaviour and disguised compliance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “At the end of 2023, several officers and staff members were trained to deliver the College of Policing MOSOVO training course so that new people joining the team could be trained in-house and equipped with the skills and knowledge from the outset. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) events are held throughout the year in order to refresh the skills of our officers and staff so that they can share best practice. On a wider level, Vulnerability training was delivered to all frontline officers and staff during 2023 and 2024 and this has included the topics of controlling and coercive behaviour and disguised compliance.”

    Source location

    Response from Derbyshire Constabulary
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Recruit a Digital Media Investigator to strengthen MOSOVO compliance monitoring through digital-device checks during unannounced visits.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Offender Managers generally conduct unannounced home visits to perpetrators, double-crewed, as this is recognised best practice to minimise the risk of disguised compliance. We can report that our compliance rates in the last six months are 86% for unannounced visits and 84% for double-crewed attendance. On the occasions of non-compliance, a supervisor will ratify the decision with supporting rationale. In May 2023, we recruited a Digital Media Investigator (DMI) into the MOSOVO team to further strengthen our capability to manage and monitor compliance. The DMI accompanies the Offender Manager on unannounced home visits to proactively conduct checks of digital devices, such as laptops, mobile phones and tablets, to ensure compliance with any conditions of a licence or other order.”

    Source location

    Response from Derbyshire Constabulary
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response
  9. South Yorkshire (Western)

    AI-generated summary

    Chelsea Blue Louise Mooney · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Chelsea Blue Louise Mooney died two days after tying two non-fixed ligatures while in hospital, following inadequate observations and delays in the emergency response. Principal concerns included insufficient review of her diagnosis, inadequate exploration of allegations and information-sharing decisions, a failure to learn from previous ligature incidents, uncertainty among staff about responding to her, and delays and poor coordination during the final emergency response.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to critically explore allegations and trauma-related experiences

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Whilst it is important that the young person is believed and has confidence in those with a therapeutic relationship that she will be believed when she makes disclosures; there was almost no professional curiosity about the allegations and whether they spoke to something else going on with Chelsea. The allegations that were made were blindly accepted by the team and one example where this was problematic is the part of Chelsea's PTSD diagnosis that was based on flashbacks. One of the flashbacks which she described related to finding her aunt dead. Her Aunt was not dead and in fact attended the inquest proceedings however this had not been clarified with the family and the treating team accepted this information from Chelsea unequivocally. It is clear there is a very fine balance to tread as it is clear that Chelsea was suffering from flashbacks and had suffered trauma, there was no demonstrable exploration of this. ”

    Source location

    Chelsea Blue Louise Mooney · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
  10. Suffolk

    AI-generated summary

    Paul Alexander Meadows · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Paul Alexander Meadows was found dead at home on 4 August 2021 after taking a Codeine overdose, against a background of physical health difficulties and deteriorating mental health. The report identified concerns that his mental health crisis was not recognised by the First Response Service on 3 August 2021 and that there was no onward referral for urgent or emergency intervention. It also identified broader concerns about the time available to practitioners to gather information and properly triage and risk assess callers, linked to workload and recruitment pressures.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient professional curiosity around risk and suicidal ideation

    Wider context from the report

    “The Norfolk & Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust accepted that there were broad issues in relation to thoroughness of risk assessment and safety planning in other cases as well as Paul’s case. There were inconsistencies in judgement of triage scale and the level of professional curiosity around risk and suicidal ideation. It was accepted that, in Summer 2021, due to resource pressure – specifically, a discrepancy between the anticipated activity and the actual, significant, volume of callers, there were occasions when First Response Service practitioners did not have enough time to gather the required information and properly to triage and risk assess. The evidence was that, although the position now varies considerably from day to day, due in particular to difficulties with vacancies it would be unfair to say that staff do not still feel pressured at times on calls. The evidence was that the difficulties in recruitment are associated with differences in funding for the First Response Service between the commissioners for different counties. For example, there is a significant difference between the funding available to Norfolk and to Suffolk, despite both counties having a similar volume of calls. The Commissioners are aware of the number of calls unanswered because of practitioners being unable to take the calls received and the matter remains one that is raised with the Commissioners on an ongoing basis and subject to ongoing negotiation. Nevertheless, the Court has, to recap, received evidence that, given difficulties in recruitment arising out of the level of funding received by the First Response Service in Suffolk, it remains the position that practitioners do not always have sufficient time on calls to gather the required information and properly to triage and risk assess. Where, for these reasons, First Response practitioners are not able properly to triage and risk assess, this creates a risk of future deaths that will occur or will continue to exist in the future. The evidence was also that this is not just a concern in one county, but one that is experienced nationally. ”

    Source location

    Paul Alexander Meadows · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026