Recurring concern

Unreliable dual-diagnosis care pathways

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First reported 27 Jun 2014•Latest report 30 Apr 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of the explicitly named dual-diagnosis service, pathway, policy or interface, including recognition and management of dual diagnosis, clinician training and access, referral and coordination, service availability, policy implementation, and adaptation to relevant complexity such as homelessness.

Not included

  • Excludes generic mental-health or substance-misuse service deficiencies where dual diagnosis is not the named shared concern.
  • Excludes generic training, communication, staffing or care-coordination failures unless they are directly tied to the dual-diagnosis pathway or service.
  • Excludes failures concerning a single condition without a material coexisting mental-health and substance-misuse component.
  • Excludes unrelated complex-needs pathways, including eating-disorder and emotional-needs pathways, unless the assertion explicitly concerns dual diagnosis.
  • Excludes neutral descriptions of dual-diagnosis policy or service arrangements that do not identify an unsafe deficiency.
Reports
22

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
32

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
78

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care8
Change, Grow, Live3
NHS England3
Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust3
Cornwall Council2
Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust2
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust2
Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust2
NHS Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly Integrated Care Board2
NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board2
NHS Surrey and Sussex Integrated Care Board2
Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust2
All family members1
Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
Bloomfield Medical Centre1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Joseph William Cooper · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Joseph William Cooper died outside his home on 19 June 2025 after sustaining multiple traumatic injuries in a fall while profoundly intoxicated. His death was contributed to by depression and alcohol dependence syndrome. Concerns included unmet mental health needs for people with co-occurring mental health and substance misuse conditions, the ready online availability of large quantities of alcohol, and professionals’ lack of access to his mental health records.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of commissioned services and treatment pathways for co-occurring mental health and substance misuse conditions

    Wider context from the report

    “1) The court heard evidence that at the time of his death, Mr Cooper had unmet mental health needs principally as a consequence of no specific service or treatment pathway existing locally which would provide wholistic and co-ordinated care for co-occurring mental health and substance misuse conditions (also known as ‘dual diagnosis’). I am concerned as to the lack of availability of commissioned services to provide care for patients with co-occurring mental health and substance misuse conditions both in this and other areas. ”

    Source location

    Joseph William Cooper · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Include co-occurring conditions in the 2026/27 commissioning intentions as a commissioning focus.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board recognises the importance of ensuring that people with co-occurring mental health and substance misuse conditions receive coordinated, person-centred support and that individuals are not excluded from services because they present with both mental health and substance misuse needs. GM ICB has included Co-Occurring conditions in its 26/27 commissioning intentions as an area of focus.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Greater Manchester
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish a Greater Manchester-wide programme bringing together commissioners and system partners to strengthen integrated pathways for co-occurring conditions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A Greater Manchester-wide programme of work relating to co-occurring conditions has been established, bringing together mental health and drug and alcohol commissioners and system partners to strengthen pathways and improve integrated approaches to care.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Greater Manchester
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reflect co-occurring-conditions principles and expectations in the forthcoming Greater Manchester Crisis Care Specification.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, the principles and expectations relating to co-occurring conditions will be reflected within the forthcoming Greater Manchester Crisis Care Specification, further strengthening the requirement for integrated and coordinated responses across mental health and substance misuse services.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Greater Manchester
    Page 3 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish the Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Delivery framework.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Firstly, your report raises concerns over the current provision of treatment and support for those with co-occurring mental health and substance use conditions. We know that people with co-occurring substance use and mental health needs too often do not receive the integrated, person-centred care they require and deserve. I want to assure you that the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) is taking action on this issue to improve the standards of care and integration of services for those with co-occurring substance use and mental health needs. In December 2025, DHSC and NHS England (NHSE) jointly published the Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Delivery framework: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/co-occurring-mental-health-and-substance-use-delivery-framework.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop statutory guidance on the duty to co-operate under the Health and Care Act 2012.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The national actions in the delivery framework include the commitment to publish guidance on the statutory duty to co-operate issued under the Health and Care Act 2012. This statutory guidance, which is currently in development, will define how commissioners and services should work together to achieve positive health outcomes for people with co-occurring needs and enable better joint working between mental health services and drug and alcohol services.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue working across the department to improve integrated care for people with substance use issues.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention. I want to assure you my department recognise these issues and are continuing to work closely together to improve integrated care for those with substance use issues. I hope this response is helpful. Yours sincerely,”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

    Open published response
  2. Manchester West

    AI-generated summary

    Michaela FINCH · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Michaela FINCH died on 2 August 2025 following combined drug toxicity after a period of acute mental health deterioration, alcohol misuse and an earlier non-fatal overdose. The report raises concerns that possible co-occurring mental health and addiction needs were not fully recognised, that family concerns were not effectively communicated to the assessing clinician, and that risk assessment, diagnosis, discharge and follow-up may have been inadequate. It also identifies possible funding limitations affecting access to escalated community-based care.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to document and identify co-occurring mental health and alcohol dependency disorders

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The deceased had a well established diagnosis of mixed anxiety and depressive disorder and profound alcohol dependency syndrome - in evidence, it was established that there was no recent documented mental health diagnosis, and that it was possible that the deceased ought to have been considered as suffering from “co-occurring disorder” (formerly ‘dual diagnosis’) and so eligible for a more active treatment and care escalation pathway, including a care co-ordinator. ”

    Source location

    Michaela FINCH · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate an internal Co-Occurring Conditions group to develop a Trust-wide strategy, service offer and staff training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “████████ is working with senior leads and has established an internal Co-Occurring Conditions group to take forward the work required to equip our staff with the skills they need to work with people with co-occurring needs. This includes the development of a trust wide strategy that will inform the service offer and staff training.”

    Source location

    2026-0064 - Response from Greater Manchester Mental Health
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review and update the Trust Co-Occurring Conditions Policy for publication.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust is currently reviewing and updating the Trust Co-Occurring Conditions Policy with a planned publication date of May 2026.”

    Source location

    2026-0064 - Response from Greater Manchester Mental Health
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver co-occurring-conditions training using the Dual Diagnosis Capability Framework, experts by experience and initial Wigan-focused workforce development, then share learning across the Trust.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust provides essential skills training for practitioners supporting people with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. A further Band 7 practitioner is currently being recruited to enhance the existing offer. This training will cover core capabilities for supporting people with co-occurring conditions based on the Dual Diagnosis Capability Framework 2019 and will include experts by experience on each of the courses. Given the emerging needs in the Wigan borough this workforce development programme will initially focus here, and any learning will be shared across the Trust.”

    Source location

    2026-0064 - Response from Greater Manchester Mental Health
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and provide formulation training for clinical staff across the Community and Acute Care Groups.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition to this training the Trust has commissioned it’s Psychological Therapies Training Centre to develop and provide formulation training to clinical staff across the Community and Acute Care Groups. This training will support staff to work collaboratively with patients to understand the whole person, identify their difficulties, which are often multi-faceted, what makes them worse and what might help and how this can guide treatment and support decision making.”

    Source location

    2026-0064 - Response from Greater Manchester Mental Health
    Page 3 · response
    Published 11 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Embed revised pathways with enhanced outreach, improved crisis interfaces and stronger support for co-occurring conditions during the third and fourth quarters of 2026/27.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Q3-Q4 2026/27: Embedding of revised pathways, including enhanced outreach, improved crisis interface and strengthened support for co-occurring conditions”

    Source location

    2026-0064 - Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 3 · response
    Published 11 February 2026

    Open published response
  3. South Yorkshire (Western)

    AI-generated summary

    Kaine Regan FLETCHER · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kaine Regan FLETCHER, a 26-year-old man with paranoid personality disorder and a history of substance misuse, died on 3 July 2022 after restraint by police, developing rhabdomyolysis, multi-system organ failure and cardiac arrest. The report raises concerns about the lack of joined-up policies and cross-sector working on acute behavioural disturbance and section 136 detentions, police and ambulance conveyance practices and training, the availability of out-of-hours street triage, and gaps in services for people with combined mental health and substance misuse conditions.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of mental health management, monitoring and treatment for people with co-occurring substance misuse who cannot abstain

    Wider context from the report

    “6. Mental Health Services – ‘the gap’ I am concerned that there is a ‘gap’ in mental health services for those people who have a dual diagnosis of a recognised mental health condition, combined with a substance misuse diagnosis. Clinically, I understand that substance misuse can provide a barrier to effective treatment of any mental health condition. However, I have heard evidence that there is no service available to patients for management, monitoring and treatment in circumstances where they are unable to abstain from substances but require care for the residual mental health condition. In circumstances where it is clinically recognised that substance misuse can exacerbate the symptoms of many mental health conditions, this gives risk to a clear risk of future death. The evidence that I have heard is that once treatment or referral options for these patients have been exhausted, they are discharged from the Local Mental Health Team with signposting to other services e.g. substance misuse services/charities or CRISIS. These services often required self-referral, which is not realistic for many people in these circumstances. Kaine fell into this gap, and I am concerned that there is a risk of future death for other patients if this gap is not filled. Again, it seems to me that this is an issue of national concern. ”

    Source location

    Kaine Regan FLETCHER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 7 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reliance on unrealistic self-referral for people requiring mental health and substance misuse support

    Wider context from the report

    “6. Mental Health Services – ‘the gap’ I am concerned that there is a ‘gap’ in mental health services for those people who have a dual diagnosis of a recognised mental health condition, combined with a substance misuse diagnosis. Clinically, I understand that substance misuse can provide a barrier to effective treatment of any mental health condition. However, I have heard evidence that there is no service available to patients for management, monitoring and treatment in circumstances where they are unable to abstain from substances but require care for the residual mental health condition. In circumstances where it is clinically recognised that substance misuse can exacerbate the symptoms of many mental health conditions, this gives risk to a clear risk of future death. The evidence that I have heard is that once treatment or referral options for these patients have been exhausted, they are discharged from the Local Mental Health Team with signposting to other services e.g. substance misuse services/charities or CRISIS. These services often required self-referral, which is not realistic for many people in these circumstances. Kaine fell into this gap, and I am concerned that there is a risk of future death for other patients if this gap is not filled. Again, it seems to me that this is an issue of national concern. ”

    Source location

    Kaine Regan FLETCHER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 7 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Embed co-located substance-misuse and peer-support workers within City Local Mental Health Teams.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of the wider community mental health transformation programme which commenced in 2022, a key area for improvement was improving access to services for patients with a dual diagnosis. During 2022 this work was in its infancy and there was only one worker who was allocated to liaise with the four City Local Mental Health Teams (LMHTS). As the improvement work progressed, it became clear that the remote liaison was not working and, additionally, ad hoc resource was also required. Key changes have since been made which includes co-located substance misuse workers, which includes Peer Support workers who have lived experience being located into the LMHTs, working as part of the team.”

    Source location

    Response from Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce three additional staff members to support dual-diagnosis provision within Local Mental Health Teams.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The introduction of an additional three staff members and the service having its own referral pathway on the patient electronic system means that prior to any discharge, the core LMHT would be able to see the person is accessing the co-located practitioners and therefore consider any post discharge needs and liaison. As we have now established the workers within teams the staff are also embedded as part of the internal escalation meetings and processes should there be a requirement to escalate any concerns around discharge planning or unmet care needs.”

    Source location

    Response from Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish a dedicated electronic-system referral pathway for dual-diagnosis support before patient discharge.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The introduction of an additional three staff members and the service having its own referral pathway on the patient electronic system means that prior to any discharge, the core LMHT would be able to see the person is accessing the co-located practitioners and therefore consider any post discharge needs and liaison. As we have now established the workers within teams the staff are also embedded as part of the internal escalation meetings and processes should there be a requirement to escalate any concerns around discharge planning or unmet care needs.”

    Source location

    Response from Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue strategic review and planning of dual-diagnosis access and treatment through a cross-system strategy group.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Whilst the structural changes that have been made, such as resource configuration, have made a huge difference for people with dual diagnosis needs, work has also been completed to support wider mental health staff in relation to core training and awareness for people with dual diagnosis needs. We continue to review and strategically plan access and treatment for people with dual diagnosis needs and this is in the form of a strategy group and works across the system including wider system partners and organisation, so people’s needs are not just considered in isolation.”

    Source location

    Response from Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Finalise the Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Delivery framework with national commitments for integrated, person-centred care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Working with subject matter experts, including people with lived experience, academics, clinicians, and service providers, the Department and NHS England are currently finalising the Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Delivery framework. This framework will provide national commitments and calls to the sector on how the health system can improve delivery of integrated, person-centred care across drug and alcohol treatment and mental health services.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 3 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Promote joined-up, holistic support so services collaborate to meet the full range of people’s dual-diagnosis needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England continues to promote joined-up, holistic support for people with dual diagnosis needs, ensuring services work collaboratively to meet the full range of individual needs.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 3 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update internal working instructions on staff expectations for supporting people who need self-referral to other services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A key area of concern was also identified in relation to people that have an identified need which can be met by another service or organisation, such as third sector or voluntary services, and the process of self-referral. Whilst services work collaboratively with people, we recognise that it is not always realistic for some people to complete the appropriate self-referral processes and time is often dedicated by staff to do this however we have updated our team’s Internal Working Instructions which outlines the expectation of staff and services to ensure that this is clear. We will also be sharing and discussing this learning within a planned learning event to further support awareness and practice change.”

    Source location

    Response from Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share and discuss self-referral learning at a planned learning event to support awareness and practice change.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A key area of concern was also identified in relation to people that have an identified need which can be met by another service or organisation, such as third sector or voluntary services, and the process of self-referral. Whilst services work collaboratively with people, we recognise that it is not always realistic for some people to complete the appropriate self-referral processes and time is often dedicated by staff to do this however we have updated our team’s Internal Working Instructions which outlines the expectation of staff and services to ensure that this is clear. We will also be sharing and discussing this learning within a planned learning event to further support awareness and practice change.”

    Source location

    Response from Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

    Open published response
  4. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Mr Alexi Susiluoto · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mr Alexi Susiluoto, who had a history of mental health disorders, substance misuse and epilepsy, was found deceased in a hotel room on 22 May 2024. His death was attributed to alcohol misuse disorder resulting in acute ethanol toxicity, with epilepsy and prescribed medication as contributing factors. The report raised concerns about fragmented care for people with dual diagnoses who are homeless, including confusion over which services and local authority were responsible for care and funding.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Fragmented provision of substance misuse and mental health treatment across different organisations

    Wider context from the report

    “1. I heard evidence that the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities is currently undertaking a review of how patients with dual diagnoses (substance misuse and mental health disorders) are treated. I was concerned by two related issues: a. That substance misuse and mental health treatment is routinely provided by different organisations, despite close interplay between these conditions and that this can result in significant complexities for agencies caring for the same patient. I understand that this aspect is part of the current review; b. However, I also heard that the review is not taking into consideration the additional issues that arise when a patient with dual diagnoses is also homeless. Evidence presented at the inquest set out that this already complex situation is often compounded by homelessness, since individuals are often moved between temporary accommodation and therefore between different mental health trust and substance misuse providers. In Mr Susiluoto’s case, this resulted in significant confusion as to who was providing his care and which local authority would fund potential substance misuse treatment. ”

    Source location

    Mr Alexi Susiluoto · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work with the Department of Health and Social Care to improve access to mental health services and coordination across health services for people experiencing homelessness.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I am leading cross-government efforts to deliver the long-term solutions we need to get us back on track to ending all forms of homelessness. This includes chairing a dedicated Inter-Ministerial Group (IMG), bringing together Ministers from across Government to develop a long-term strategy. DHSC Ministers attend the IMG, and we are working closely with the DHSC to address the health needs of people experiencing homelessness and rough sleeping. This includes improving access to mental health services and improving join-up between all services across the health system to ensure people experiencing homelessness are supported with all their health needs. We expect to publish our Homelessness Strategy following the conclusion of Phase 2 of the Spending Review.”

    Source location

    Response from MHCLG
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 April 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop a comprehensive action plan to improve provision for people with co-occurring substance-use and mental-health needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Your report mentions a review my department is taking into treatment for people with substance use and mental health conditions, and you raise concerns that the review is not considering the additional complexities and issues that occur when someone is also experiencing, or at risk of, homelessness. My department recognises the vital importance of high-quality integrated care for those with co-occurring conditions and who sleep rough, or who are at risk of sleeping rough. To clarify, we have not undertaken a formal review but, following recommendation from Dame Carol Black’s independent review of drugs, have been developing a comprehensive action plan to set out a path to improving service provision for those with co-occurring substance use and mental health needs.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 1 · response
    Published 17 April 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish UK clinical guidelines on alcohol treatment, including recommendations for co-occurring conditions, multidisciplinary assessment, care planning and care coordination.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- DHSC will soon publish the UK clinical guidelines on alcohol treatment to support and improve the quality of treatment for people with alcohol dependence. The guidelines include chapters on working with people with co-occurring alcohol dependence and mental health and/or physical health conditions. They also include recommendations on multi-disciplinary assessment, care planning and care co-ordination.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 April 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue working with NHS England to improve integrated care for people with substance-use and mental-health needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Thank you for bringing these concerns to my attention. I want to assure you my department and NHSE recognise these issues and are continuing to work closely together to improve integrated care for those with substance use issues. I hope this response is helpful.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 3 · response
    Published 17 April 2025

    Open published response
  5. South Yorkshire (Western)

    AI-generated summary

    Claire Louise Driver · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Claire Louise Driver had a history of schizoaffective disorder and polysubstance misuse and was found in significant decomposition in a shallow stream on 14 September 2024 after being reported missing on 24 June 2024. The cause of death was unascertained. The inquest heard concerns about limited attempts to engage her while her mental health was deteriorating, liaison between police and mental health services, and staff training on substance misuse and mental health.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of mandatory training for all staff on the effect of substance misuse on mental health conditions

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) The inquest heard that training on the effect of substance misuse on mental health conditions is not mandatory for all staff and would be of assistance when caring for patients such as Claire. ”

    Source location

    Claire Louise Driver · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide co-occurring mental-health and substance-misuse training as an essential-to-role course for relevant staff, identifying completion through supervision or appraisal and recording it in training records.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Working with people with co-existing mental health problems and substance misuse issues has been included as a priority area of the mental health care group’s Learning Needs Analysis, which forms the basis of the training programme for all staff. Public Health England have made available an eLearning course – Better Care for people with co-occurring mental health and alcohol/drug use conditions, which has been made available to Trust staff. This is”

    Source location

    Response from South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 27 March 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Targeted training arrangements ensure staff who require substance-misuse training receive it, so mandatory training for all staff is not necessary.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Working with people with co-existing mental health problems and substance misuse issues has been included as a priority area of the mental health care group’s Learning Needs Analysis, which forms the basis of the training programme for all staff. Public Health England have made available an eLearning course – Better Care for people with co-occurring mental health and alcohol/drug use conditions, which has been made available to Trust staff. This is”

    Source location

    Response from South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 27 March 2025

    Open published response
  6. Swansea and Neath Port Talbot

    AI-generated summary

    Amy Marie Padley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Amy Marie Padley suffered from alcohol addiction, depression and emotionally unstable personality disorder, and was found deceased at home on 8 July 2022 after taking her own life by suspension. The concerns included missed opportunities to refer her for community mental health assessment, insufficient guidance on managing co-occurring addiction and mental health conditions, and a reluctance to provide mental health support alongside addiction services.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of guidance for managing individuals with co-occurring addiction and mental health diagnoses and liaising with third-sector addiction agencies

    Wider context from the report

    “I am concerned about the evidence I heard in this inquest that when an individual is suffering from alcohol or drug addiction alongside a mental health diagnosis, which in this case was EUPD and depression, that the focus of SUBHB is normally to advise that individual to address their addiction before they can access mental health services. I heard that addiction services do not fall within the remit of SUBHB and are provided by third-sector agencies. I heard that individuals who have a mental health diagnosis may self-medicate to manage symptoms of a mental health deterioration and that increased use of alcohol/drugs can increase the risk of self-harm to such individuals which may prove fatal. I am concerned that there is no guidance to staff within SUBHB on how to manage individuals with addiction and a mental health diagnosis and how SUBHB staff should liaise with and work alongside third-sector agencies in respect of an individual suffering from addiction. I am also concerned that there appears to be a reluctance within SUBHB to offer mental health support alongside suggesting that an individual access addiction services. I am concerned that this may mean that individuals in mental health crisis and suffering from addiction may not be getting the mental health assessment and support that they require alongside seeking to overcome their addiction and as such there is continuing risk to life. ”

    Source location

    Amy Marie Padley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop an Operational Co-occurring Group and a standard operating procedure and care pathway for managing patients with co-occurring addiction and mental-health diagnoses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “An Operational Co-occurring Group is currently being developed between Mental Health and CDAT services to implement clear working guidance on joint working processes. This group will commence in May 2025 and will be co-chaired by the Directorate Managers for both the Adult Mental Health Directorate and the CDAT Directorate. The objectives for this group are to develop a Standard Operating Procedure for managing individuals with both addiction and a mental health diagnosis, ways of strengthening this support, including developing further guidance for staff to help them navigate these complex cases and provide clear direction on how to liaise with third-sector organisations effectively. This will be completed by October 2025.”

    Source location

    Response from SWANSEA BAY UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD
    Page 5 · response
    Published 26 February 2025

    Open published response
  7. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Jamie Harding · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jamie Harding attended Basildon Hospital on 3 June 2022 in crisis, with worsening psychotic symptoms, suicidal ideation and several days without sleep. He was discharged home rather than admitted as an inpatient and took his own life within hours after falling from a window. The substantive concerns included failures in assessment, follow-up, medication review, multidisciplinary working, risk assessment, record keeping and communication, alongside weaknesses in systems supporting the First Response Team and access to the Dual Diagnosis pathway.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of formal compulsory clinician training on the Dual Diagnosis pathway and access to it

    Wider context from the report

    “(a) The accepted absence of effective formal, compulsory training for clinicians regarding the Dual Diagnosis (DD) pathway and what it does and does not provide, how to access it and the potential benefits of it. The evidence confirmed that practitioners outside of the DD workers/pathway were unaware how they could contact them, including directly. (b) In addition to weak record keeping and poor communication with patients and their families, the evidence revealed the lack of a robust and reliable system to ensure that the FRT deals with its caseload efficiently and effectively and that particularity when it flags and then follows up referrals to and queries from other services/clinicians contributing, in turn and on the facts of this case, to the significant failure to hold an MDT. The FRT did not follow up (as it was accepted it should have) the referral (via a self-referral) to Open Road or the referrals for a medication review. Had there been such follow up, EPUT evidence confirmed that there would likely have been a discussion of Jamie’s case at a full MDT with the likely allocation of a Care Coordinator, the likely involvement of the Dual Diagnosis pathway and the likely use of the RAG rating system to ensure on-going risk assessment. In my opinion these features give rise to a clear risk of future deaths and must be addressed. ”

    Source location

    Jamie Harding · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Disseminate Trust-wide information and maintain quick-access intranet guidance explaining how staff can access Dual Diagnosis support.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In carrying out our review of this case, it has been noted that the First Response Team (FRT) are aware on the process for contacting / accessing Dual Diagnosis support. However in light of the findings in this case, the FRT / the wider Trust have been reminded via Trust wide communications of the available support streams which includes access to the Trust’s quick access intranet page for dual diagnosis which gives clear guidance for staff.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide Dual Diagnosis training covering referral processes and access to support for adults with alcohol or substance misuse issues.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Additionally, the Trust provides Dual Diagnosis training within EPUT which covers the referral process and how to access support for an adult who has alcohol/substance misuse issues. This currently does not fall within the core requirement of all EPUT staff and the Trust is looking to extend this to all registered clinical staff within EPUT. The current expectation is for training to be completed once and the Trust is exploring the benefit to changing the requirement to be undertaken every 3 years.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Extend Dual Diagnosis training to all registered clinical staff within the Trust.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Additionally, the Trust provides Dual Diagnosis training within EPUT which covers the referral process and how to access support for an adult who has alcohol/substance misuse issues. This currently does not fall within the core requirement of all EPUT staff and the Trust is looking to extend this to all registered clinical staff within EPUT. The current expectation is for training to be completed once and the Trust is exploring the benefit to changing the requirement to be undertaken every 3 years.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Explore changing the Dual Diagnosis training requirement from one-off completion to completion every three years.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Additionally, the Trust provides Dual Diagnosis training within EPUT which covers the referral process and how to access support for an adult who has alcohol/substance misuse issues. This currently does not fall within the core requirement of all EPUT staff and the Trust is looking to extend this to all registered clinical staff within EPUT. The current expectation is for training to be completed once and the Trust is exploring the benefit to changing the requirement to be undertaken every 3 years.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 November 2024

    Open published response
  8. Blackpool and the Fylde

    AI-generated summary

    Marlene McCabe · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Marlene McCabe was unlawfully killed in her own home on 4 September 2019 after being struck repeatedly on the head and face with a doorstop, causing catastrophic injuries. The concerns included urgent mental-health referral processes, inconsistent access to and sharing of mental-health records, the risk of substance misuse obscuring mental-health diagnoses, non-communication of material information, and delayed assessment of apparently intoxicated patients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to prevent substance misuse references and assumptions from obscuring mental health diagnoses

    Wider context from the report

    “3) There is a residual risk that reference to drug and/or alcohol misuse in mental health referrals and/or assessments may lead to the missing of a mental health diagnosis and that circumstances may arise in which assumptions are made concerning substance misuse. ”

    Source location

    Marlene McCabe · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  9. South London

    AI-generated summary

    Samuel Thomas Howes · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Samuel Thomas Howes died from fatal injuries after jumping in front of a train on 2 September 2020. The inquest found that his ongoing mental health issues, drug use and alcohol dependency probably contributed to his death. Substantive concerns included inadequate mental health and social care responses, failures to share risk information between agencies, inadequate custody safeguarding and failures in the missing-person investigation.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a complex service providing adolescents with treatment for both substance misuse and mental health issues

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) The lack of a complex service providing, to adolescents, treatment for both substance misuse and mental health issues models, in terms of willingness to engage, being problematic for some young people. ”

    Source location

    Samuel Thomas Howes · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commission a review of care models for young adults aged 16–25, including integration for co-existing mental health and substance-use needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “While local commissioners are responsible for ensuring services are integrated, NHS England has a role to support this at national and regional levels. We have established Clinical Networks and regional delivery groups for mental health across NHS regions to support commissioning of effective services. We have ensured the leadership in these networks and groups are aware of the findings of this Report. NHS England commissioned the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health to review models of care for young adults aged16 - 25. Their report published in 2022 highlighted examples of positive practice in terms of integration including and set out principles and considerations to inform the development of support, care and treatment for young people. This includes considerations where young people have co-existing mental health and substance abuse needs.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop a second joint plan addressing co-occurring mental health and substance misuse needs among children and young people.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This is why the Department and NHS England are working together on a joint action plan to improve the mental health treatment offer for people who use drugs and alcohol. This includes improving access to mental health services for people using drugs and alcohol as people are currently too often excluded from, and/or fall between the thresholds of, services. It will also promote better links between mental health services and drug and alcohol treatment services to ensure people receive joined-up care. The first phase of the programme targets adult mental health services, and a second plan for children and young people will follow.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Invest an additional £532 million in drug and alcohol treatment and recovery services, including children’s treatment capacity and quality.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, the Government has committed to investing an additional £532 million to improve drug and alcohol treatment and recovery services from 2022/23 to 2024/25, building on an £80 million investment in 2021/22. This includes improving the capacity and quality of children and young people’s treatment, with an ambition to get an extra 5,000 children and young people in treatment by 2024/25.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish guidance on commissioning and providing joined-up services for people with co-occurring mental health and substance misuse problems.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (formerly Public Health England) has published guidance to support the commissioning and provision of joined up services for people with co-occurring mental health and substance misuse problems. The guidance sets out the principles which should underpin the way substance misuse and mental health services work together, including that each person should have access to a care co-ordinator to help ensure all their needs are addressed. This is available at: Better care for people with co-occurring mental health, and alcohol and drug use conditions (publishing.service.gov.uk)”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Local commissioners and providers are responsible for addressing local support provision and service integration concerns.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This response focuses on the national NHS policy and programmes relevant to the matters of concern you have identified in your Report. Most of the matters of concern raised in your Report are in respect of the provision of local support and the actions taken in providing that support to Mr. Howes and his family. These local concerns would need to be addressed by the relevant local commissioners and providers.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 3 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The Office for Health Improvement and Disparities oversees drug and alcohol service policy.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We also accept that alongside increasing capacity across services, there is a need to ensure Children and Young People’s services are integrated with support across the whole system – including mental health support as part of the transition from child to adult services for adults, physical health needs, social care, education and health and justice. This includes integration with drug and alcohol services, which are largely commissioned by Local Authorities. Oversight of drug and alcohol service policy rests with the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities within the Department for Health and Social Care, who are copied into the Report.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 May 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    NHS England is mainly responsible for addressing the concerns about care provision for children and young people with complex needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In preparing this response, Departmental officials have made enquiries with NHS England as the matters of concern you have raised are mainly for NHS England to address. I understand that NHS England has already provided you with a comprehensive response, setting out what progress is being made to improve children and young people’s mental health services, and how the Framework for Integrated Care (Community) Framework is helping young people with the most complex needs.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 3 May 2023

    Open published response
  10. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Christopher Michael Lloyd · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Christopher Michael Lloyd died at home after suspending himself by the neck with a ligature. The principal concern was that, despite interactions with mental health services and support for alcohol and drug addiction, he did not have ready local access to a dual-diagnosis service for co-existing mental-health and substance-misuse issues.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of ready local access to a dual-diagnosis service

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Whilst Mr Lloyd had some interactions with mental health services, and was under the care of a charity who provides support as a consequence of alcohol and drug addiction, it is a matter of concern that he did not have ready access to a dual-diagnosis service locally. A unified service of this nature, employing appropriate specialists, would have the benefit of being able to assess and treat mental-health conditions existing alongside substance misuse issues in a coherent and holistic manner. ”

    Source location

    Christopher Michael Lloyd · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish guidance for commissioners and providers on co-occurring mental health and substance use conditions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) has previously published Better Care for People with Co-Occurring Mental Health and Alcohol/Drug Use Conditions, a guide for commissioners and services providers informed by clinical evidence and expertise.¹ Two principles from that guide, which should be followed routinely, are that people with co-”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 4 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish a 10-year drug strategy to deliver an improved treatment and recovery system.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Moreover, the Government published From harm to hope: a 10-year Drug Strategy in-response to Dame Carol Black’s independent review on drugs.⁵ One of the three priorities of this strategy is to deliver a world-class treatment and recovery system, backed by an additional £780m over three years. Of this, £532 million has been made available to local authorities to increase and improve treatment services to reduce harm and improve recovery rate significantly. This will include better integrating treatment services to ensure people’s mental and physical health needs are met. OHID is also currently working with NHS England and the wider sector to identify ways to improve the integration of services, including better implementation of the existing guidance.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide £532 million to local authorities to increase and improve drug treatment services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Moreover, the Government published From harm to hope: a 10-year Drug Strategy in-response to Dame Carol Black’s independent review on drugs.⁵ One of the three priorities of this strategy is to deliver a world-class treatment and recovery system, backed by an additional £780m over three years. Of this, £532 million has been made available to local authorities to increase and improve treatment services to reduce harm and improve recovery rate significantly. This will include better integrating treatment services to ensure people’s mental and physical health needs are met. OHID is also currently working with NHS England and the wider sector to identify ways to improve the integration of services, including better implementation of the existing guidance.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work with NHS England and the wider sector to identify improvements to service integration and implementation of existing guidance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Moreover, the Government published From harm to hope: a 10-year Drug Strategy in-response to Dame Carol Black’s independent review on drugs.⁵ One of the three priorities of this strategy is to deliver a world-class treatment and recovery system, backed by an additional £780m over three years. Of this, £532 million has been made available to local authorities to increase and improve treatment services to reduce harm and improve recovery rate significantly. This will include better integrating treatment services to ensure people’s mental and physical health needs are met. OHID is also currently working with NHS England and the wider sector to identify ways to improve the integration of services, including better implementation of the existing guidance.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 October 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Separate dual-diagnosis treatment services are not supported by evidence and are not recommended in published guidance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In response to your recommendation for further, separate provision of specific dual diagnosis treatment services alongside mental health and substance misuse services, it is important to point out such service structures are not backed by evidence and so not recommended in the published guidance.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 October 2022

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026