Recurring concern

Delays in ambulance attendance

Pin Get email alerts Request correction

First reported 24 Feb 2014•Latest report 23 Mar 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes recurring failures, resource constraints, dispatch problems and other dedicated ambulance-service response failures that result in delayed attendance to patients or emergency calls.

Not included

  • Excludes delays occurring after ambulance arrival, including hospital handover and crew-release delays.
  • Excludes delays in other emergency services, such as police, fire and rescue, or specialist clinical on-call attendance.
  • Excludes generic staffing, capacity or information-sharing deficiencies unless the reports explicitly tie them to delayed ambulance attendance.
Reports
118

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
129

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
460

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care53
NHS England25
Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust22
Betsi Cadwaladr University LHB9
North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust8
Association of Ambulance Chief Executives7
East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust7
East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust6
Welsh Government6
Conwy County Borough Council4
Denbighshire County Council4
Flintshire County Council4
Gwynedd Council4
Isle of Anglesey County Council4
NHS West Yorkshire Integrated Care Board4

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Teesside and Hartlepool

    AI-generated summary

    Peter COATES · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Peter Coates, who had very severe COPD and relied on mains-powered respiratory equipment, died at home after an unplanned electrical power failure stopped that equipment. The report identifies delays in ambulance attendance and a concern that the ambulance response categories have a gap for patients who are not in cardiac or respiratory arrest but require an immediate response, particularly when alone and unable to update the ambulance service.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of an immediate-response category for patients who require urgent ambulance attendance but do not meet Category 1 criteria

    Wider context from the report

    “In respect of the National Ambulance Response Programme, I understand from the evidence that: - Category 1 is an immediate response to a life-threatening condition. It should only be used for a patient who requires resuscitation or emergency intervention from the ambulance service, for example, a patient who is in cardiac or respiratory arrest. Mortality rates are high where a difference of one minute in response time is likely to affect outcome and there is evidence to support the fastest response. The national standard is for 90% of Category 1 patients to have received a response within 15 minutes; and for the overall average response time to be within 7 minutes. - Category 2 is for serious conditions, for example stroke or chest pain, that may require rapid assessment and/or urgent transport. Mortality rates are lower; a difference of an extra 15 minutes’ response time is unlikely to affect outcome and there is evidence to support an early dispatch. The national standard is for 90% of patients to have received a response within 40 minutes; and for the overall average response time to be within 18 minutes. My concern is that there are circumstances in which a patient is not, at the time a 999 call is made to request an Ambulance, in a condition such as cardiac or respiratory arrest; but where an immediate response is still required on the basis that delay in ambulance attendance could pose a risk to their life. That is, I am concerned that there is a category of patients who do not meet the criteria for a category 1 response, but who do nonetheless require an immediate response, and that there is, therefore, a “gap” between categories 1 and 2. This includes for patients who are alone at the time of calling 999 and who are therefore unable to update the Ambulance Service should they progress to cardiac or respiratory arrest. ”

    Source location

    Peter COATES · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement national ambulance response standards to prioritise the sickest patients and provide appropriate responses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In 2017, following the largest clinical ambulance trials in the world, NHS England implemented new ambulance standards across the country. This was to ensure that the sickest patients get the fastest response and that all patients get the right response first time.”

    Source location

    Response from NHSE
    Page 1 · response
    Published 26 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing Category 1 and 2 ambulance categorisations are sufficient for effective triage and timely intervention for life-threatening and emergency conditions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The current ambulance categorisations ensure that all emergency responses are prioritised appropriately; Category 1 covers the most urgent, life-threatening cases, while Category 2 addresses emergency but less critical incidents. These two categories are sufficient for effective triage and timely intervention for life threatening and emergency conditions.”

    Source location

    Response from NHSE
    Page 2 · response
    Published 26 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Development of 999 triage question sets and instructions is assigned to the approved triage system provider.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The primary purpose of triage is to quickly identify priority symptoms (e.g. unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, chest pain) and to assign an appropriate response priority. The outcome (disposition) reached based on the information provided by the caller is mapped to one of the five national categories (Categories 1 – 5) set out within the NHS Constitution and Ambulance Service 999 contracts. The development of triage question sets and instructions lies within the remit of the triage system provider.”

    Source location

    Response from NHSE
    Page 1 · response
    Published 26 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Whether call handlers stay on the line with deteriorating patients is an operational decision for each ambulance service.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In cases where there is risk of a patient’s condition deteriorating whilst waiting for an ambulance to arrive, the call handler could stay on the line with the patient; this is an operational decision to be made by each ambulance service. Moreover, the provision of instructions or actions to be taken in the case of worsening patients is a standard component of call exit scripts, whereby patients are advised that if their condition worsens, they should call 999 back. This provides an opportunity for a call to be re-triaged and potentially upgraded to a higher category response if this is clinically indicated.”

    Source location

    Response from NHSE
    Page 2 · response
    Published 26 March 2026

    Open published response
  2. North Wales (East and Central)

    AI-generated summary

    Angela Frances Darlow · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Angela Frances Darlow suffered a stroke at home on 6 January 2025, but an ambulance arrived 23 hours and 20 minutes later. She was diagnosed with an extensive left middle cerebral artery infarct, was not suitable for thrombectomy because of the delay, and died in hospital on 7 June 2025. The principal concern was the prolonged ambulance delay, in the context of high demand, hospital handover delays, patient flow and limited social care provision, resulting in lost opportunities for investigation and potential treatment.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in emergency ambulance arrival during periods of significant demand

    Wider context from the report

    “Category of Concern – Emergency Services Related Death; Ambulance Delays (resources) Angela Darlow was suffering from symptoms of a stroke at home during the afternoon of 6 January 2025. Her husband immediately contacted the Welsh Ambulance Service via 999. Given the significant demand at this time, it took 23 hours and 20 minutes for an emergency ambulance to attend. The calls made to the Trust were correctly categorised. By the time Angela arrived at the nearest hospital, The Countess of Chester, she was outside the time for investigations for thrombectomy. At the time in question demand was unprecedented. This is reflected by the 23 hour and 20 minute delay in ambulance arriving. There were significant hospital handover delays at the time which added to the demand on the Trust. The facts in Angela’s death speak for themselves. I continue to remain concerned about the time is taking for ambulances to arrive in the context of the multifactorial reasons for this which include patient flow in hospitals and limited social care provision. People are dying due to these issues and yet we are no closer to improvement. ”

    Source location

    Angela Frances Darlow · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce and operate the emergency ambulance performance framework, including clinically driven call categorisation and tailored clinical screening.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In July 2025, a new emergency ambulance performance framework was introduced in Wales, supporting a move away from time-based targets towards a more clinically driven, outcome-focused approach, with an emphasis on responding quickly to people with time-sensitive conditions.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 2 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Recruit 28 clinical advisers to support rapid screening and ensure callers receive an appropriate response.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of the framework, all 999 calls to WAST, which are not classified as either purple or red, go through rapid clinical screening to ensure everyone receives a more tailored approach. This means the ambulance service takes account of their symptoms and where the incident occurred to determine what sort of response they receive. Every person receives a tailored response but not everyone will need an ambulance – they may receive a different clinical response, which is appropriate to their needs. An additional 28 clinical advisers – new posts – were recruited to support this new process to ensure people get the right response the first time.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 2 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Test and evaluate the revised ambulance response framework using clinically meaningful measures of timeliness, quality, patient outcomes and experience.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The new framework also increases opportunities to better understand patient outcomes and experience by broadening measurement beyond initial response times to include more clinically meaningful metrics, such as call-to-door times. The intent is to enable clearer insight into the timeliness and quality of care delivered to patients with serious and time-sensitive conditions, including stroke, to drive quality improvement.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 2 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Direct delivery of health and social care services is outside Welsh Ministers’ responsibility.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Welsh Ministers set the strategic direction for health and care services and hold NHS organisations to account. Welsh Ministers are not responsible for the delivery of health or social care services. Health boards and NHS trusts are responsible for planning, commissioning and delivering services for the population of their respective areas within the national policy framework set by Welsh Ministers.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 2 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Health boards and NHS trusts are responsible for planning, commissioning and delivering services within the national policy framework.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Welsh Ministers set the strategic direction for health and care services and hold NHS organisations to account. Welsh Ministers are not responsible for the delivery of health or social care services. Health boards and NHS trusts are responsible for planning, commissioning and delivering services for the population of their respective areas within the national policy framework set by Welsh Ministers.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 2 March 2026

    Open published response
  3. North Wales (East and Central)

    AI-generated summary

    Heather Louise Parkhill · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Heather Louise Parkhill died at home on 8 April 2025 after more than fifteen hours had elapsed since the first 999 call for assistance. Multiple calls did not result in an ambulance response because of resource issues, and an earlier response was considered likely to have prevented the death. The principal concerns were persistent ambulance resource shortages and delays in emergency response, with the report stating that lives continued to be put at risk.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in emergency ambulance response times

    Wider context from the report

    “Category of Concern – Emergency Services Related Death For many years, myself and other coroners have raised concerns regarding so called “ambulance delays” and I recognise that the challenges faced by WAST around the availability of resources are the result of multifactorial issues, however problems regarding the unavailability of resources persist. I have a mandatory statutory responsibility to raise concerns where they exist and it is clear that lives continue to be lost as a result of this problem. Despite all of the multi-agency efforts to improve the availability of resources and hence response times, nothing appears to change I therefore remain concerned that lives continue to be at risk ”

    Source location

    Heather Louise Parkhill · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Increase remote clinical support to prioritise available resources and improve safety-netting during significant pressures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The concern you express about the continued impact and harm resulting from extensive community waits for ambulances is shared by myself, the Executive team and our Trust Board at WAST. Over the years, the Trust has shared with you all the measures that have been taken in an attempt to manage and address the changes in the pressures both within the Trust and across the wider NHS Wales landscape. These actions include:”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Enhance staff knowledge, skills, competencies and available alternatives to minimise unnecessary hospital transport.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The concern you express about the continued impact and harm resulting from extensive community waits for ambulances is shared by myself, the Executive team and our Trust Board at WAST. Over the years, the Trust has shared with you all the measures that have been taken in an attempt to manage and address the changes in the pressures both within the Trust and across the wider NHS Wales landscape. These actions include:”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Increase ambulance resources by completing roster changes and improving attendance levels.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The concern you express about the continued impact and harm resulting from extensive community waits for ambulances is shared by myself, the Executive team and our Trust Board at WAST. Over the years, the Trust has shared with you all the measures that have been taken in an attempt to manage and address the changes in the pressures both within the Trust and across the wider NHS Wales landscape. These actions include:”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Offer more treatment at home or outside hospital in partnership with Health Board colleagues.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The concern you express about the continued impact and harm resulting from extensive community waits for ambulances is shared by myself, the Executive team and our Trust Board at WAST. Over the years, the Trust has shared with you all the measures that have been taken in an attempt to manage and address the changes in the pressures both within the Trust and across the wider NHS Wales landscape. These actions include:”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the Welsh emergency ambulance performance framework to provide clinically driven, outcome-focused responses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In July 2025, a new emergency ambulance performance framework was introduced in Wales, supporting a move away from time-based targets towards a more clinically driven, outcome-focused approach, with an emphasis on responding quickly to people with time-sensitive conditions.”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce purple and red emergency call categories for suspected cardiac or respiratory arrest and patients at high risk of arrest.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Two new categories of call were initially introduced in July – a new purple category for people suffering a suspected cardiac and respiratory arrest and the red category for people at high risk of cardiac and respiratory arrest, including where this is a result of injury or illness.”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Apply rapid clinical screening to non-purple and non-red 999 calls to tailor responses to patient needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of the framework, all 999 calls to WAST, which are not classified as either purple or red, go through rapid clinical screening to ensure everyone receives a more tailored approach. This means the ambulance service takes account of their symptoms and where the incident occurred to determine what sort of response they receive. Every person receives a tailored response but not everyone will need an ambulance – they may receive a different clinical response, which is appropriate to their needs. An additional 28 clinical advisers – new posts – were recruited to support this new process to ensure people get the right response the first time.”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Recruit 28 clinical advisers to support rapid 999-call screening and appropriate first responses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of the framework, all 999 calls to WAST, which are not classified as either purple or red, go through rapid clinical screening to ensure everyone receives a more tailored approach. This means the ambulance service takes account of their symptoms and where the incident occurred to determine what sort of response they receive. Every person receives a tailored response but not everyone will need an ambulance – they may receive a different clinical response, which is appropriate to their needs. An additional 28 clinical advisers – new posts – were recruited to support this new process to ensure people get the right response the first time.”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce an orange time-sensitive response category following clinical review of amber and green calls.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The next phase of the framework was introduced in December, following a clinical review of the amber and green categories of call. A new orange – time-sensitive response category was introduced. This was designed to ensure people with conditions such as suspected stroke or STEMI are identified earlier through enhanced clinical screening in the 999 contact centres to receive a faster, more appropriate ambulance response, and rapid transport to specialist care.”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Test and evaluate the emergency response framework and its broader patient-outcome and experience measurements over 12 months.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The new framework also increases opportunities to better understand patient outcomes and experience by broadening measurement beyond initial response times to include more clinically meaningful metrics, such as call-to-door times. The intent is to enable clearer insight into the timeliness and quality of care delivered to patients with serious and time-sensitive conditions, including stroke, to drive quality improvement.”

    Source location

    2026-0050 - Response from Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 3 February 2026

    Open published response
  4. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Dorothy Margaret Hoyberg · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Dorothy Margaret Hoyberg called emergency services with worsening severe leg, abdominal and back pain and was assessed as requiring a Category 3 ambulance response. The ambulance arrived five and a half hours later, and she was found deceased; post-mortem toxicology showed elevated morphine and methadone levels, and the inquest determined that her death was drug related. The principal concern was the prolonged ambulance delay during extreme pressure on ambulance services, with insufficient capacity for regular welfare call-backs.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient ambulance service capacity causing delays in ambulance responses

    Wider context from the report

    “On 19 June 2025 London Ambulance Service (LAS) were operating at REAP Level 4 (extreme pressure) and by 9am that day, targets were being breached. Multiple attempts were made to find an ambulance resource for Dorothy but LAS were unable to meet targets for Category 3 patients and were struggling to meet targets for Category 2 patients. Welfare calls were made to Dorothy until 12:25 at which point the demand on LAS was so high that there was no capacity to make any further welfare calls. Ideally welfare calls should have been made at least every 30 minutes but it was necessary for LAS to prioritise demand and deploy clinicians where they were most needed. Demand outstripped capacity. An ambulance should have reached Dorothy within two hours but it took five and half. I heard evidence that this is a pan-London problem, and it does not appear to be restricted to London. The demand on ambulance services is increasing and the number of patients requiring their services is increasing. Ambulance services are under extreme pressure and this is causing a systems challenge and long delays for patients. LAS are currently operating at REAP Level 4. ”

    Source location

    Dorothy Margaret Hoyberg · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish the 2025/26 Urgent and Emergency Care Plan to improve ambulance response times and patient flow.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To prioritise and improve the quality and timeliness of patient care, the Department of Health and Social Care and NHS England published the 2025/26 Urgent and Emergency Care Plan (June 2025) and the 10 Year Health Plan for England: Fit for the Future (July 2025). The Urgent and Emergency Care Plan commits to reducing mean ambulance response times for Category 2 patients by over 14%, to 30 minutes and improving the clinical validation of Category 3 and 4 calls. To achieve this, we recognise we will need to make improvements to patient flow through the whole system, and the plan outlines a set of priority actions to support systems to maximise patient flow, including:”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish the 10 Year Health Plan for England, setting a trajectory towards prevention and reduced urgent-care demand.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To prioritise and improve the quality and timeliness of patient care, the Department of Health and Social Care and NHS England published the 2025/26 Urgent and Emergency Care Plan (June 2025) and the 10 Year Health Plan for England: Fit for the Future (July 2025). The Urgent and Emergency Care Plan commits to reducing mean ambulance response times for Category 2 patients by over 14%, to 30 minutes and improving the clinical validation of Category 3 and 4 calls. To achieve this, we recognise we will need to make improvements to patient flow through the whole system, and the plan outlines a set of priority actions to support systems to maximise patient flow, including:”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Allocate national capital funding for urgent treatment centres, same-day emergency care expansion and new ambulances.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “More than £370 million of capital funding has been allocated nationally to support implementation, including £250 million of capital budget to continue the expansion of co-located urgent treatment centres and same day emergency care, and £75 million capital funding for new ambulances. The 10 Year Plan for England also sets out a clear trajectory towards shifting from treatment to prevention, reducing overall demand for urgent care.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide national growth funding to ambulance services to support activity and service improvement.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In 2025/26, all ambulance services received national growth funding to support activity levels and incentivise service improvement. Performance improvements have been observed in LAS, between January 2025 and January 2026:”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue coordinating with commissioners, integrated care boards, providers and ambulance services to deliver urgent and emergency care improvement plans.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England actions NHS England continues to work closely with commissioners, Integrated Care Boards, acute providers, and ambulance services, including London Ambulance Service, to support delivery of stretching but achievable plans aligned with operational priorities. The risks associated with community waits for ambulances have been discussed at national forums to support shared understanding and coordinated action across urgent and emergency care pathways on measures such as implementing the 45-minute maximum handover requirement; expanding urgent community care provision; reducing length of stay; and supporting timely patient discharge. These measures are designed to maintain patient flow, reduce emergency department crowding and facilitate prompt ambulance handovers.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce hospital handover-delay mitigation by directing crews to hospitals with greater capacity and cohorting patients when necessary.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “London Ambulance Service Trust Actions The LAS has introduced multiple processes to mitigate the issue of hospital handover delay for example: directing crews conveying patients towards hospitals with greater capacity and cohorting patients at hospitals (two or three staff taking responsibility for additional patients, so that other crews can become available for calls more quickly) where necessary. The Trust is currently in the middle of its five-year strategy (2023-2028). This strategy aims to forge closer links between Primary and Acute care sectors and Local Authorities, ensuring the right care is provided at the right time, including the development and referral to alternative care pathways avoiding the need to convey to hospital when appropriate.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and refer patients to alternative care pathways, where appropriate, to avoid conveyance to hospital.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “London Ambulance Service Trust Actions The LAS has introduced multiple processes to mitigate the issue of hospital handover delay for example: directing crews conveying patients towards hospitals with greater capacity and cohorting patients at hospitals (two or three staff taking responsibility for additional patients, so that other crews can become available for calls more quickly) where necessary. The Trust is currently in the middle of its five-year strategy (2023-2028). This strategy aims to forge closer links between Primary and Acute care sectors and Local Authorities, ensuring the right care is provided at the right time, including the development and referral to alternative care pathways avoiding the need to convey to hospital when appropriate.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Maintain and regularly update the performance recovery plan in response to demand and system pressures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The LAS maintains a performance recovery plan, which is regularly updated in response to changes in the demand profile and system pressures. This includes the implementation of dedicated clinical support linked to dispatch to identify incidents where allocation of a clinical resource may need to be prioritised.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 3 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement dedicated clinical support linked to dispatch to identify incidents requiring prioritisation of clinical resources.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The LAS maintains a performance recovery plan, which is regularly updated in response to changes in the demand profile and system pressures. This includes the implementation of dedicated clinical support linked to dispatch to identify incidents where allocation of a clinical resource may need to be prioritised.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 3 · response
    Published 21 January 2026

    Open published response
  5. Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton

    AI-generated summary

    Liliane Andree BOWDEN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Liliane Andree Bowden died at Oak View Care Home on 23 September 2024 from bronchopneumonia, with vascular dementia and recent falls making substantial contributions. The inquest raised concerns about a prolonged ambulance delay following her fall, in the context of ambulance demand and hospital handover delays, particularly for elderly or vulnerable Category 3 patients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Significant risk from extended ambulance waits for elderly or vulnerable Category 3 patients

    Wider context from the report

    “During the course of the inquest evidence revealed matters giving rise to concern, relating to ambulance delay on a callout just under two weeks prior to Liliane Andree Bowden’s death. It is right to immediately acknowledge that the ambulance service, South Central Ambulance Service, provided me with a detailed explanation. In this instance the initial call was at 11.40 with a second call at 13.29, a third call at 15.53 and a fourth call (seeking an estimated time of arrival of the ambulance) at 17.29. Liliane, 90, had fallen. Category 3 was called at around,13.29, category 3 was confirmed at around 16.26. A specialist paramedic was at the deceased’s bedside at 17.35 and an ambulance was requested at 18.00. At that time there was demand on the ambulance service (the Enhanced Patient Safety Procedure had been in place from 23.15 the previous night until 11.35 on the day of the call) and there were significant hospital handover delays at hospital: apparently the call centre log records up to 25 ambulances held outside hospital waiting to hand over patients that afternoon, at 18.10 there were 8 ambulances at hospital waiting to hand over patients, one of which had been waiting for 4 hours and 40’ to hand over their patient. It was estimated that an ambulance would not be available for seven hours. In the event an ambulance eventually arrived at 23.30. The response timeframe for a category 3 call is for at least 9 out of 10 calls to be within 120’. It follows that although the Enhanced Patient Safety Procedure was activated the previous night, following deactivation of the Enhanced Patient Safety Procedure a large contingent of ambulances was taken out of action for substantial periods by handover issues. Quite apart from a repetition of such circumstances potentially affecting category 1 and 2 calls, there must be significant risk in the case of an elderly and/or vulnerable person in Category 3 having an extended wait, particularly if there has been a head injury, as is often the case. ”

    Source location

    Liliane Andree BOWDEN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue working with hospitals to deliver handover-time targets.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The SCAS and PHT CEO’s jointly presented the work our teams had carried out to the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives to showcase the excellent achievements in reducing handover delays. Each year we are required to submit an annual plan to NHS England on how we will deliver our services. For 2025/26, our plan included average handover times at hospitals across our geography. Each hospital was asked to sign up to the improvement and for the year to date we have delivered on or below plan across our region. There is a requirement within the next 3 years for all hospitals to reach the 15 minute handover target and have not delay over 45 minutes. We will continue to work with all hospitals to deliver these targets and we will submit our plan to NSHE in February for 26/27.”

    Source location

    Response from South Central Ambulance Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 November 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Submit the 2026/27 service plan to NHS England in February.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The SCAS and PHT CEO’s jointly presented the work our teams had carried out to the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives to showcase the excellent achievements in reducing handover delays. Each year we are required to submit an annual plan to NHS England on how we will deliver our services. For 2025/26, our plan included average handover times at hospitals across our geography. Each hospital was asked to sign up to the improvement and for the year to date we have delivered on or below plan across our region. There is a requirement within the next 3 years for all hospitals to reach the 15 minute handover target and have not delay over 45 minutes. We will continue to work with all hospitals to deliver these targets and we will submit our plan to NSHE in February for 26/27.”

    Source location

    Response from South Central Ambulance Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 November 2025

    Open published response
  6. Cheshire

    AI-generated summary

    Charlotte Tetley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Charlotte Tetley died on 24 September 2024 after deliberately sitting on railway tracks and being struck by a train. The report describes concerns about the police and ambulance response after she left hospital on 18 September 2024 despite reported suicidal feelings and professional concerns about her immediate safety. It also identifies concerns about the application of missing-person response policy when the person’s whereabouts are unknown.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of ambulance response for missing persons whose whereabouts are unknown

    Wider context from the report

    “That despite Ms Tetley being found on train tracks on the 18 September 2024, and reporting to workers who found her that she felt suicidal, the police would respond when she absconded from the Accident and Emergency Department the same day. When the Clinical Lead of Psychiatry Liaison escalated the matter and expressed concern of an immediate risk for safety given her extensive medical history, and her lack of engagement in the department that day, she was informed that as Ms Tetley had not expressed an intention to end her life before leaving the department, it could not be known that it was her intention to end life. The police informed the Clinical Lead to contact the ambulance response vehicle. When she did this, they declined to respond as they were unaware of Ms Tetley’s whereabouts. I am concerned that if a very narrow interpretation of policy is applied by the police when professionals report a concern for a high risk missing person in circumstances where they consider there to be an immediate risk to life, there will be a risk of future deaths occurring. If the policy is interpreted such that police resources will only be deployed if the missing person has expressed an intention to end life as they leave the hospital, there is a risk that future deaths will occur. It is unlikely that the ambulance response vehicle will be deployed if the whereabouts of the missing person is unknown, which will result in the missing person not being able to receive medical attention until their whereabouts are known. By the time that they are located, there is a risk that they will no longer be alive. ”

    Source location

    Charlotte Tetley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ambulance deployment policy is determined by North West Ambulance Service, and its application cannot be commented on by the police.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There are established and published protocols by North West Ambulance Service (NWAS) regarding their deployment policy, which are designed to ensure the safe and effective use of emergency resources. These protocols are based on clinical prioritisation and operational feasibility. We are unable to comment on NWAS policy but are aware that ambulances are unlikely to be deployed where the whereabouts of the individual is unknown for obvious reasons.”

    Source location

    Response from Cheshire Constabulary
    Page 9 · response
    Published 19 September 2025

    Open published response
  7. South Yorkshire (Western)

    AI-generated summary

    Kaine Regan FLETCHER · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kaine Regan FLETCHER, a 26-year-old man with paranoid personality disorder and a history of substance misuse, died on 3 July 2022 after restraint by police, developing rhabdomyolysis, multi-system organ failure and cardiac arrest. The report raises concerns about the lack of joined-up policies and cross-sector working on acute behavioural disturbance and section 136 detentions, police and ambulance conveyance practices and training, the availability of out-of-hours street triage, and gaps in services for people with combined mental health and substance misuse conditions.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays and non-attendance in EMAS ambulance response to s.136 conveyance requests

    Wider context from the report

    “3. Police use of an ambulance as the mode of conveyance for s.136 detainees I heard evidence that the correct mode of conveyance for persons detained under s.136 MHA 1983 is an ambulance, save in exceptional circumstances (e.g. where the detained person’s behaviour means it would be inappropriate, or where the wait for an ambulance would exceed 30 minutes). I also heard evidence, that in the last 12 months an ambulance was called by the police in only 50% of s.136 detentions. Of that 50% in which an ambulance was called, an ambulance only attended on 50% of occasions (so 25% of the total detentions). Of the nine police officers that gave evidence to me in this inquest on s.136 matters, none of them knew about the police policy on calling an ambulance to convey a s.136 detainee. Two of the officers knew, anecdotally, that an ambulance was the preferred method of conveyance, but their evidence was that it was common for an ambulance to take well over 30 minutes or not turn up at all. I am concerned that: • There is a training issue within the police in relation to s.136 detentions and the correct mode of conveyance. Either officers do not know that they should call an ambulance, or they are ignoring their training/the instructions that they are given. This is born out in the statistics above. • There is a response issue on the part of EMAS. This may, in part, be explained by the policy/service level agreement confusion within EMAS. ”

    Source location

    Kaine Regan FLETCHER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 5 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Issue comprehensive guidance on safe conveyance, including health-based vehicle provision and arrangements for section 136 detainees.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England has issued comprehensive guidance, including on the conveyance of individuals detained under section 136, which sets out that:”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operational and local partnership concerns are being addressed by Nottinghamshire Police, which is providing the full response.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have carefully considered the matters of concern raised in your Regulation 28 report. This response outlines the College of Policing’s position on Acute Behavioural Disturbance, and police training in respect of the Mental Health Act. In relation to the operational elements and local partnership working, we have been in contact with Nottinghamshire Police and understand that a number of measures are being implemented and a full response to the concerns you have raised is being provided.”

    Source location

    Response from College of Policing
    Page 1 · response
    Published 29 July 2025

    Open published response
  8. South London

    AI-generated summary

    Miles Robinson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Miles Robinson developed chest pains and vomiting on 19 December 2022 and experienced delays and incorrect triage after his granddaughter called 999. He travelled by Uber to an urgent treatment centre, where he suffered a cardiac arrest, and died at 06:36 after further cardiac arrests. The principal concerns were the incorrect categorisation of the 999 call and the rigidity of the triage system, alongside ambulance allocation and dispatch delays that may place patients reporting a heart attack at risk of death before an ambulance arrives.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in allocation and dispatch of ambulances

    Wider context from the report

    “In the UK, 999 calls are triaged using one of two approved triage tools (also referred to as call prioritisation systems) approved by NHS England: the Medical Priority Dispatch System (“MPDS”) and NHS Pathways. LAS uses MPDS. The MPDS looks at signs and symptoms and prioritises them into dispatch codes, which assign a level of priority to the call, and in turn inform the type of ambulance resource that will be allocated to manage the incident. MPDS is designed for use by non-clinical call handlers. MPDS involves a system of structured questions which identify priority symptoms and thereby the clinical need of patients. The structured questions fall into different protocols and a patient can be shunted, or moved, between one protocol and another depending on the answers to specific questions. In these circumstances, and for sound operational reasons, there is necessarily an element of rigidity in the MPDS. In Mr Robinson’s case, LAS accepted that the first 999 call was incorrectly triaged and received an inaccurate categorisation of the urgency of the response required: it was allocated a Category 3 (urgent) rather than Category 2 (emergency) response. Given the rigidity of the structured questions, there was no capacity within MPDS to account for information provided on behalf of Mr Robinson during the first 999 call, namely that he thought and felt like he was having a heart attack. The evidence heard at the inquest was that: (1) there are no individual MPDS determinants, under the relevant protocol, Protocol 10 (Chest Pain), that are specific for a heart attack; and (2) under the MPDS this information (reporting a heart attack) would not result in a dispatch code justifying a Category 1 (life threatening) response, with an average response time of 7 minutes and 90% of calls responded to within 15 minutes. This means that for a patient who is conscious and breathing, but reporting a heart attack, the highest possible category of emergency response on the MPDS Chest Protocol is Category 2 (average response 18 minutes; 90% calls within 40 minutes). However, this rigidity and categorisation may give rise to a risk of future death, namely: the risk their heart attack leads to a cardiac arrest immediately or shortly following the cessation of the call, and because they are on their own, they are unable to re-call 999; and/or the cardiac arrest may cause their death prior to a Category 2 (or subsequent Category 1) ambulance arriving at their location. This risk also arises in the context of increasing nationwide demand on UK ambulance services which has given rise to delays in allocation and dispatch of ambulances. ”

    Source location

    Miles Robinson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  9. North Wales (East and Central)

    AI-generated summary

    Jeanette Sidlow Beech · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jeanette Sidlow Beech, who had a history of alcohol withdrawal-related seizures, became unwell at home on 2 August 2024 and died there on 3 August 2024 after suffering a seizure and cardiac arrest. An ambulance took 15 hours and 13 minutes to attend, by which time resuscitation efforts were unsuccessful. The report raises concerns about ambulance response and hospital handover delays, linked to wider pressures involving hospital capacity, social care and community hospital provision.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in ambulance attendance

    Wider context from the report

    “a. It took a total period of 15 hours and 13 minutes for an ambulance to attend upon Jeanette, by which time she was in cardiac arrest and resuscitation efforts were unsuccessful. b. Whilst evidence was received and heard during the Inquest that efforts have been and are still being taken by WAST to improve the situation regarding ambulance delays, there remains significant concerns with Hospital handover delays. c. It is well known, having heard evidence in previous Inquests, that the causes of ambulance delays are multifactorial. They do not rest solely with WAST. d. Many Coroners in Wales have issued many Reports over many years on the time it takes for ambulances to attend on the background of various reasons. e. It appears to remain the case that the lack of social care provision and/or Community Hospitals means that those fit to be discharged from district general hospitals are not discharged and those in Emergency Departments or on ambulances outside Emergency Departments are unable to be provided with a bed in the hospitals such that ambulances remain outside Emergency Departments for hours. Evidence was heard that between 2nd and 3rd August 2024 at Betsi Cadwaladr University Local Health Board the longest delay in ambulance handover times were in excess of 6 hours and 7 hours. f. The issues identified are pertinent to WAST, the Health Board and Local Authorities. g. There appears to be no improvement in these ongoing issues and I am particularly concerned that lives are being put at risk, and that deaths will occur into the future and will continue to occur where this situation persists. ”

    Source location

    Jeanette Sidlow Beech · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Welsh Ministers set strategic expectations but are not responsible for delivering health services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Welsh Ministers set the strategic context and expectations for health and care services in Wales and hold NHS organisations accountable for fulfilling their statutory duties. Welsh Ministers are not responsible for the delivery of health services.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 1 · response
    Published 17 June 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Health boards are responsible for planning, commissioning and delivering local health services within the national policy framework.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Health boards and NHS trusts are responsible for planning, commissioning and delivering services for the population of their local areas, in line with the national policy framework set by Welsh Ministers.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 1 · response
    Published 17 June 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    WAST is responsible for delivering emergency ambulance services, while the JCC commissions those services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Welsh Ambulance Services National Health Service Trust (Establishment) Order 1998 established the Welsh Ambulance Services University National Health Service Trust (WAST). Article 3 delegates the function of managing the ambulance service to WAST.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 2 · response
    Published 17 June 2025

    Open published response
  10. Hertfordshire

    AI-generated summary

    Paul Anthony Burke · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Paul Anthony Burke, aged 41, developed worsening shortness of breath on 19 December 2022 but did not receive an ambulance despite repeated category 2 calls, and was taken to hospital by family. He was later diagnosed with Type 2 Respiratory Failure, deteriorated despite non-invasive ventilation, and died at 07:44hrs on 22 December 2022. The principal concern was the continuing risk of future deaths from delays in providing pre-hospital emergency care, which appeared to be multi-factorial.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continuing delays in provision of pre-hospital emergency care

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Delay in ambulance response and the consequent delay in the provision of pre-hospital emergency care. As set out above, Mr Burke first made a call to the ambulance service at 14:07hrs on 19 December 2022. The call was triaged as requiring a category 2 response, requiring a response within an average of 18 minutes, with 90% of calls being responded to within 40 minutes. I received evidence that category 2 calls are for those whose condition is potentially serious and require rapid assessment, urgent on scene intervention or urgent transport to hospital. By way of example, patients who fall within this category can include those who are unconscious, experiencing chest pain or suffering with stroke symptoms. Despite the urgency with which an ambulance was required for Mr Burke no ambulance resource was available. It was only due to the intervention of his family who came to his aid that he was able to get to hospital – others may not be so fortunate. I heard evidence that on 19 December 2022, the local ambulance service was under extreme pressure. At 14:40hrs on 19 December 2022, the ambulance service had a total of 243 outstanding category 2 calls waiting for an ambulance response. 37 of these were within the Hertfordshire area. This was compounded by the fact that 11 ambulances were delayed at Watford General Hospital, one of which had been waiting to handover their patient for over 5 hours. At 18:01hrs on 19 December 2022, this had grown to 315 outstanding category 2 calls waiting for an ambulance response. 47 of these were within the Hertfordshire area. This was compounded by the fact that 9 ambulances were delayed at Watford General Hospital, waiting to hand over patients. Whilst it is clear that the ambulance service were under extreme pressure on 19 December 2022, on the evidence I heard, this is not an isolated incident. In December of 2022 the average response time for a category 2 ambulance was 61 minutes. In December 2023 the average response time for a category 2 ambulance was 125 minutes. In December 2024 the average response time for a category 2 ambulance was 50 minutes. These times are against a target average response time of 18 minutes. The East of England Ambulance Service (EEAS) has and continues to take action in conjunction with relevant stakeholders to try and minimise these delays. However, there is only so much they and other parties can do. On the evidence that I heard the reasons for ambulance delays appear to be multi-factorial and includes issues throughout the wider health system and are issues not unique to Hertfordshire. In light of the above, I have a concern that is a risk of future deaths occurring due to continuing delays in the provision of pre-hospital emergency care which appear to be multi-factorial in nature. ”

    Source location

    Paul Anthony Burke · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish the 2025/26 Urgent and Emergency Care Plan with measures targeting ambulance response, handover, emergency department performance and same-day care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “But we know that we need to start making progress immediately. On 6 June 2025, we published our Urgent and Emergency Care Plan for 2025/26. The plan requires the NHS to focus on those activities that will have the biggest impact on improving urgent and emergency care performance, including ambulance response and handover times:”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Set out priorities for developing neighbourhood health services that deliver more care at home or closer to home.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In January 2025, we set out priorities for the NHS and local authorities on how to move to a neighbourhood health service that delivers more care at home or closer to home. We are asking local systems to systematically implement six core components of neighbourhood health, which will help people stay healthy and independent for longer and reduce unnecessary time spent in hospital, including tackling hospital discharge delays which will improve patient flow through hospitals and reduce ambulance handover delays.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ask local systems to systematically implement six core neighbourhood-health components, including measures to reduce discharge and ambulance handover delays.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In January 2025, we set out priorities for the NHS and local authorities on how to move to a neighbourhood health service that delivers more care at home or closer to home. We are asking local systems to systematically implement six core components of neighbourhood health, which will help people stay healthy and independent for longer and reduce unnecessary time spent in hospital, including tackling hospital discharge delays which will improve patient flow through hospitals and reduce ambulance handover delays.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 19 May 2025

    Open published response
Back to top

Data last updated 7 September 2026