Recurring concern

Delays in ambulance attendance

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First reported 24 Feb 2014•Latest report 23 Mar 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes recurring failures, resource constraints, dispatch problems and other dedicated ambulance-service response failures that result in delayed attendance to patients or emergency calls.

Not included

  • Excludes delays occurring after ambulance arrival, including hospital handover and crew-release delays.
  • Excludes delays in other emergency services, such as police, fire and rescue, or specialist clinical on-call attendance.
  • Excludes generic staffing, capacity or information-sharing deficiencies unless the reports explicitly tie them to delayed ambulance attendance.
Reports
118

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
129

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
460

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care53
NHS England25
Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust22
Betsi Cadwaladr University LHB9
North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust8
Association of Ambulance Chief Executives7
East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust7
East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust6
Welsh Government6
Conwy County Borough Council4
Denbighshire County Council4
Flintshire County Council4
Gwynedd Council4
Isle of Anglesey County Council4
NHS West Yorkshire Integrated Care Board4

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly

    AI-generated summary

    Lachlan Charles Campbell · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Lachlan Charles Campbell died on 1 November 2022 after being found outside a railway station in a distressed and possibly drug-affected state, where he remained for several hours in heavy rain and cold conditions. The report identifies concerns about delays in ambulance attendance, incomplete information sharing between ambulance and police services, and police officers not providing shelter, warmth, or timely medical attention. The inquest concluded that these failures contributed to his death.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to call an ambulance promptly following a concern for welfare call

    Wider context from the report

    “2) Information sharing between SWAST and D&CP. A number of issues were revealed during the course of the evidence. a) A concern for welfare call was received by police at circa 00:15. Officers attended on scene at circa 01:00 and chased an ambulance at 01:42 only to find one had not been previously called resulting in an initial delay of nearly 1.5 hours. b) The initial caller had been a bus driver. His mobile details were not taken and so SWAST was unable to call him back for further information they required. When police officers were asked for their numbers, they provided their shoulder numbers, not their mobile numbers. SWAST thus had incomplete information when considering what disposition was appropriate. c) Police Officers were advised the call had resulted in a Category 2 disposition but were not provided with an ETA. The target time was 18 minutes but an ambulance did not arrive until 06:15, some 4.5 hours later. Had Officers been aware of the likely delays, their evidence was that they would have considered other options (such as conveying Lachlan to hospital in their car.) d) In reaching a Category 2 disposition, SWAST understood the Officers were remaining with Lachlan. In the event, they left him to deal with an unresolved domestic violence incident. At inquest, evidence was given that, had this been known to SWAST, a Category 1/2 disposition may have been reached. e) In the event Officers had concluded there was a need to convey Lachlan to hospital, it would have meant there were no available Officers in the Penzance area. While this is a matter for police to reflect upon, it was notable the Officers’ supervisor was not contacted to discuss options. f) The inquest heard that in other countries (USA) there are arrangements in place for police to drop victims in need of urgent treatment at hospital (eg stabbings) without being detained for extended periods (current handover for ambulance crews in excess of 2 hours.) If ambulance delays are set to continue and police may need increasingly to convey patients to hospital, is there value in considering whether arrangements of this nature would be beneficial? ”

    Source location

    Lachlan Charles Campbell · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in ambulance attendance

    Wider context from the report

    “1) Delays in ambulance attendance. I have written to the Secretary of State separately in this regard and you do not need to address this in your reply. ”

    Source location

    Lachlan Charles Campbell · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train officers requiring additional medical support to telephone 999 from the scene so operators can liaise directly and allocate resources.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a part of RCRP, if our police officers come across or attend an incident in respect of which they deem that there is a requirement for additional medical support, they are trained to telephone 999 from the scene. This is to seek to ensure that the 999 operator can liaise directly with the person who has the patient with them and can offer appropriate treatment, as well as allocating a resource to attend.”

    Source location

    Response from Devon and Cornwall Police
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Require officers using the police control room to explain why they cannot call 999 directly, and train police and ambulance personnel to record relevant information when liaising.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “If our officers call for an ambulance through the police control room, they are asked if there is a reason that they cannot do this themselves (such as the need to commence CPR, or other environmental factors). Police control room and SWAST personnel are trained to record all relevant information when contacting or otherwise liaising with SWAST.”

    Source location

    Response from Devon and Cornwall Police
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate and update the handover Standard Operating Procedure, including escalation levels, locally agreed triggers and immediate handover arrangements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To assist with handover delays, a handover Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was developed during November 2021 and introduced in late 2021. This has been reviewed and updated, including review against the agreed standards being undertaken with the acute Trust (RCHT) during December 2023/January 2024. The SOP supports robust management of delays, using four handover escalation levels. Local teams have worked with each hospital to agree the actions that they will take place at each level. The triggers for escalation have also been locally agreed, to allow a more responsive, tailored approach. The new approach includes an agreed area to implement an immediate handover for a patient where the Trust is unable to respond to an outstanding local Category 1 call within a reasonable timeframe.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Collaborate with hospitals, NHS England and system partners to reduce ambulance handover and wider system delays.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “SWAST is working in collaboration with NHS England and system partners to improve system delays.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide Hospital Ambulance Liaison Officer cover at Royal Cornwall Hospital and University Hospital Plymouth emergency departments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Providing Hospital Ambulance Liaison Officer (HALO) cover in both the Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust and University Hospital Plymouth Trust Emergency Departments to support patient safety and crew welfare, promoting handover expedition and availability of crews to respond to patients within the community.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use the Operations Delivery Centre to minimise resource unavailability and increase resources available for patient responses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The Trust’s Operations Delivery Centre minimise unavailability of resources, as much as possible, to increase the resources available to respond to patients.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use dynamic internal mutual aid, including private ambulance provider resources, to support areas under greatest pressure.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Dynamic internal Mutual aid is utilised where possible (utilising Private Ambulance Provider resources on duty) to support areas of the Trust under most pressure. In effect this means moving some resources from one area to another to support response to patients in the pressurised area.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reinforce through first-aid training that officers may transport patients themselves as a last resort when their risk assessment considers this appropriate.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Ordinarily officers are not encouraged to use police vehicles to transport individuals in need of pressing medical attention to hospital. Our position is that the primary service for this must be SWAST as they are better equipped to manage the individual in question in transit, and / or to treat an individual when their condition declines. Police officers are trained in the use of the National Decision Model, which empowers them to risk assess specific scenarios, and (using this) as a last resort are able to make the decision to transport patients themselves to help save life if they consider this appropriate. This is an individual decision by the officer involved. This possibility continues to be reinforced during Devon & Cornwall Police first aid training.”

    Source location

    Response from Devon and Cornwall Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

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    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    SWAST will address ambulance ETA and target-time issues directly in its response to the Regulation 28 report.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We understand that the SWAST will be addressing the issue of the ETA and target time with you directly in their response to the Regulation 28 report.”

    Source location

    Response from Devon and Cornwall Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 4 March 2025

    Open published response
  2. Teesside and Hartlepool

    AI-generated summary

    Diana FAIRWEATHER-PURKIS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Diana Fairweather-Purkis waited 9 hours and 56 minutes for an ambulance after calling the 111 Service, was admitted to hospital, and died on 3 October 2022 due to multi-organ failure secondary to urosepsis. The report identifies insufficient ambulance availability, delays in releasing ambulance crews after hospital attendance because of patient handover delays, and delays in prescribing and administering antibiotics as substantive concerns or contributing factors.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient ambulance service availability or resources for timely patient attendance

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There is insufficient Ambulance Service availability/resource to enable Ambulances to attend to patients in a timely manner and in accordance with relevant target attendance times. ”

    Source location

    Diana FAIRWEATHER-PURKIS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Prioritise improvements to Category 2 ambulance response times and urgent and emergency care services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England recognises the significant pressures on all NHS services, including ambulance services, and has been prioritising improvements to Category 2 response times and urgent and emergency care (UEC) services. Improvements to Category 2 response times will have a positive impact across ambulance performance generally, including Category 3 responses.”

    Source location

    Response from NHSE
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work with commissioners, integrated care boards, acute providers and ambulance services to implement plans improving ambulance handovers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England’s regional teams are continuing to work closely with commissioners, Integrated Care Boards (ICBs), acute NHS providers and ambulance services to implement plans to continue to improve patient handovers. The 2025/26 priorities and operational planning guidance sets out that the NHS should improve ambulance response times and Accident and Emergency (A&E) waiting times compared to 2024/25, and that Category 2 ambulance response times should average no more than 30 minutes across 2025/26. The guidance also sets out some immediate tasks for 2025/26, including to reduce avoidable ambulance dispatches and conveyances and reduce handover delays.”

    Source location

    Response from NHSE
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide over £40 million in additional ambulance-service funding to increase vehicles on the road and strengthen clinical advisory services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since the creation of the North East and North Cumbria Integrated Care Board (NENC ICB) in July 2022 there has been significant investment of additional resources into ambulances services to increase capacity and availability. Over £40m of additional funding, made up of local ICB investment and a share of nationally funded NHS England growth monies, has been made available to the North East Ambulance Service (NEAS) since 2023/24 to increase the number of vehicles on the road and also strengthen clinical advisory services.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS NORTH EAST AND NORTH CUMBRIA INTEGRATED CARE BOARD
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish an integrated urgent-care clinical assessment service providing multidisciplinary telephone triage and onward referral support for 111 and 999 callers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NEAS have established an Integrated Urgent Care Clinical Assessment Service (IUCAS) which includes paramedics, nurses, advanced practitioners, pharmacists, GPs and clinical specialists who provide enhanced clinical support to call handlers and patients ringing 111 and 999. Senior clinical advisors (clinicians) provide additional clinical assessment via telephone triage, improving the journey and experience for our patients by ensuring they can pass through to services quickly and efficiently. The team also promotes self-care, provides advice and support for patients at home, facilitating onward referral where necessary to a range of primary and secondary care services. By being able to increase the number of patients who are treated and discharged in the community, the IUCAS helps to reduce pressures on ambulances, emergency departments, and other NHS services.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS NORTH EAST AND NORTH CUMBRIA INTEGRATED CARE BOARD
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue implementing system-wide improvement programmes with ambulance and acute hospital providers to improve ambulance response times during 2025/26.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “With regard to ambulance performance and the target response times, NEAS are consistently the highest performing ambulance provider in England across all 4 response time categories and continue to implement system-wide improvement programmes in conjunction with ICB and our acute hospital providers to further improve response times throughout 2025/26 and work towards achieving the NHS constitutional standards.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS NORTH EAST AND NORTH CUMBRIA INTEGRATED CARE BOARD
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Coordinate multi-agency ambulance-handover improvement and transformation work across the integrated care system.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Ambulance handover delays are a priority area of focus for the ICB, NEAS, and acute provider Foundation Trusts across NENC Integrated Care System (ICS). The multi-agency NENC Strategic Urgent & Emergency Care Network and Local A&E Delivery Boards provide leadership and oversight of a range of transformation initiatives that are being taken to improve patient handover times. There has been a significant programme of work taking place in the second half of 2024/25 to bring together colleagues from across the system (ICS, FT, ambulance trust) to look at ambulance handover improvement and transformation. This programme was externally facilitated and has led to a number of revised and standardised policies and procedures being agreed for elements of the ambulance handover process (e.g., immediate release, cohorting, diverts and deflections etc.).”

    Source location

    Response from NHS NORTH EAST AND NORTH CUMBRIA INTEGRATED CARE BOARD
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish the 2025 mandate to NHS England prioritising improved A&E and ambulance waiting times.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On 30 January 2025 the Government published ‘Road to recovery: the government's 2025 mandate to NHS England’, that clearly set out delivery instructions for the NHS through the prioritisation of five key objectives aimed at driving reform within the NHS. Improving A&E and ambulance wait time was a prioritised objective in the mandate to specifically address the current challenges facing urgent and emergency care. On the same day NHS England published the 2025-26 planning guidance that contained the operational delivery detail for local NHS systems.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish NHS planning guidance requiring action to improve Category 2 ambulance response times and reduce avoidable dispatches, conveyances and handover delays.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On 30 January 2025 the Government published ‘Road to recovery: the government's 2025 mandate to NHS England’, that clearly set out delivery instructions for the NHS through the prioritisation of five key objectives aimed at driving reform within the NHS. Improving A&E and ambulance wait time was a prioritised objective in the mandate to specifically address the current challenges facing urgent and emergency care. On the same day NHS England published the 2025-26 planning guidance that contained the operational delivery detail for local NHS systems.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish lessons learned from winter urgent and emergency care pressures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, by this Spring we will also set out the lessons learned from the pressures on urgent and emergency care services this winter and the improvements that we will put in place to improve services ahead of next winter.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Put in place improvements to urgent and emergency care services ahead of the next winter.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, by this Spring we will also set out the lessons learned from the pressures on urgent and emergency care services this winter and the improvements that we will put in place to improve services ahead of next winter.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 February 2025

    Open published response
  3. Liverpool and the Wirral

    AI-generated summary

    Nicola Emma OWENS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Nicola Emma Owens collapsed at work on 4 October 2024 and, after a delay of 7 hours and 28 minutes before an ambulance arrived, suffered a cardiac arrest and died in hospital at 00:25 on 5 October 2024. The report identified concerns about ambulance unavailability, hospital handover delays, and backlogs of patients awaiting social care packages, which reduced ambulance availability for seriously ill patients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of ambulances for attending patients

    Wider context from the report

    “The delay in an ambulance attending patients due to the unavailability of ambulances. This delay being significantly contributed to by the handover delays in hospitals. A significant factor contributing to the handover delays in hospitals being the backlog of patients who are fit for discharge but awaiting social care packages. Overall, this entails a lack of staff and room for those patients who are brought in via ambulance thus requiring ambulance crews to remain on hospital premises reducing their ability to attend seriously ill patients. ”

    Source location

    Nicola Emma OWENS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish the 2025 NHS mandate prioritising improvements to A&E and ambulance waiting times.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On 30 January 2025, the Government published ‘Road to recovery: the government’s 2025 mandate to NHS England’, that clearly set out delivery instructions for the NHS through the prioritisation of five key objectives aimed at driving reform within the NHS. Improving A&E and ambulance wait time was a prioritised objective in the mandate to specifically address the current challenges facing urgent and emergency care. On the same day NHS England published the 2025-26 planning guidance that accompanied the operational delivery detail for local NHS systems. The planning guidance included an implementation target for improving the average Category 2 ambulance response times to no more than 30 minutes across 2025-26, and practical actions focused on reducing avoidable ambulance dispatches and conveyances and ambulance handover delays.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 January 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish 2025–26 NHS planning guidance with a target for average Category 2 ambulance responses and actions to reduce dispatches, conveyances and handover delays.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “On 30 January 2025, the Government published ‘Road to recovery: the government’s 2025 mandate to NHS England’, that clearly set out delivery instructions for the NHS through the prioritisation of five key objectives aimed at driving reform within the NHS. Improving A&E and ambulance wait time was a prioritised objective in the mandate to specifically address the current challenges facing urgent and emergency care. On the same day NHS England published the 2025-26 planning guidance that accompanied the operational delivery detail for local NHS systems. The planning guidance included an implementation target for improving the average Category 2 ambulance response times to no more than 30 minutes across 2025-26, and practical actions focused on reducing avoidable ambulance dispatches and conveyances and ambulance handover delays.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 January 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve ambulance hear-and-treat rates, including clinician-provided telephone advice and treatment for more Category 2 incidents.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• improving ambulance ‘hear and treat’ service rates, including increasing the proportion of Category 2 ambulance incidents where an ambulance clinician provides advice and treatment over the phone,”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 January 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Clinically navigate, validate and appropriately triage all Category 3 and 4 999 ambulance calls through control centres or Single Points of Access.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• ensuring all 999 ambulance calls classified as Category 3 and 4 are clinically navigated, validated and where appropriate triaged in ambulance control centres, or in Single Points of Access.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 January 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement plans to improve ambulance handovers, response times and urgent and emergency care flow.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England recognises the significant pressure on all NHS services, including ambulance services, and has been prioritising improvements to Category 2 response times and urgent and emergency care (UEC) services. NHS England also recognises that in order to support improved patient flow, there is the need to improve ambulance capacity through growing the workforce, reducing handover delays, speeding up discharges from hospital and expanding new services in the community.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 January 2025

    Open published response
  4. Somerset

    AI-generated summary

    Graham Whiteley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Graham Whiteley, who had Alzheimer’s disease, a history of seizures and falls, and lived in a care home, walked out when doors were left unlocked and was found having fallen by the roadside with head injuries. He was conveyed to hospital by police after a substantial ambulance delay, developed pneumonia, and died in hospital on 18 June 2024. The principal concerns were delays in ambulance allocation linked to handover delays at acute hospitals, with the report stating that these delays were continuing.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in allocating ambulances

    Wider context from the report

    “c) The excessive number of incidents awaiting allocation was caused by delays in handing over the care of patients from ambulance crews to the four main acute hospitals within the Bravo area (Musgrove Park Hospital, Weston General Hospital, Southmead Hospital and the Bristol Royal Infirmary). d) The handover delays meant that there were over 84 hours of ambulance time lost to handovers. This was the equivalent of approximately 7.5 double crewed ambulance shifts which were lost to delays. e) An ambulance was allocated to Mr Whitely at 16.08 hours with an expected time of arrival of 16.30 hours. Had it arrived, Mr Whiteley’s ambulance would have taken at least 2 hours and 6 minutes to arrive from the time of the 999 call. f) In the event, Avon and Somerset Police conveyed Mr Whiteley to hospital as the attending Police Tactical Medic was concerned about the ambulance delay and the need for timely assessment at hospital. This meant that the ambulance could be stood down. g) The evidence given by the ambulance Trust at the inquest was that the delays in allocating ambulances caused by the delays in handing over to acute hospitals is continuing. ”

    Source location

    Graham Whiteley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement and update the handover-delay standard operating procedure, including escalation levels, locally agreed triggers and immediate handover arrangements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To address handover delays, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was introduced in late 2021. This has since been reviewed and updated, with a reassessment against locally agreed standards conducted in December 2023 and January 2024. The SOP facilitates the effective management of delays by employing four handover escalation levels. Local teams have collaborated with each hospital to determine the specific actions to be taken at each level. The triggers for escalation have also been locally established, enabling a more responsive and tailored approach. Additionally, the approach includes a designated area for immediate patient handover in situations where the Trust is unable to respond to a pending local Category 1 call within a reasonable timeframe.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 February 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Collaborate with hospitals and system partners through operational meetings, regional task groups and senior county-level meetings to reduce handover delays.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “SWAST remains committed to collaborating with hospitals to address this issue. In many instances, local operations teams hold daily meetings with their respective Emergency Departments. Resolving delays has been identified as a key priority by the regional NHS England (NHSE) team, and SWAST actively participated in the NHSE Ambulance Handovers task and finish group during the summer of 2024. Additionally, in 2024, a new tier of senior county-level meetings was established, bringing together hospitals, commissioners, NHSE, and SWAST. These meetings have provided SWAST with valuable opportunities to engage in Integrated Care System (ICS) discussions aimed at reducing delays.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 February 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide Hospital Ambulance Liaison Officer support at acute hospitals when required to improve patient flow.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Building on the aforementioned efforts, several initiatives are being implemented locally and across the South West by SWAST. These include:”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 February 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use the Operations Delivery Cell to minimise resource unavailability and increase response capacity.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Building on the aforementioned efforts, several initiatives are being implemented locally and across the South West by SWAST. These include:”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 February 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use mutual aid, including private ambulance providers, to strengthen system support during periods of high demand.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Building on the aforementioned efforts, several initiatives are being implemented locally and across the South West by SWAST. These include:”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 February 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the Somerset Timely Handover Process to initiate rapid handover when transfer has not occurred within 90 minutes of arrival.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have also collaborated with the Somerset system to implement the ‘Timely Handover Process,’ designed to initiate a rapid handover if it has not been completed within 90 minutes of arrival. This process was introduced in the area in November 2024 and following a challenging Christmas period we are now seeing early improvements in handover efficiency.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 February 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Handover delays cannot be resolved by SWAST alone and require action by hospitals and wider system partners.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Handover delays at hospital trusts have the biggest impact on SWAST’s ability to respond to patients. This articulated on the SWAST corporate risk register, where a risk related to system activity and flow sits at the highest level, with a risk score of 25. The challenge with impacts of handover delays is that SWAST alone cannot solve it. In August 2023, the Health Services Safety Investigation Body (HSSIB) published a final report ‘Harm caused by delays in transferring patients to the right place of care’. This report strengthens the findings of the SWAST system PSII report that was produced in July 2022, with a review and addendum added in December 2023. It is recognised that a patient’s health may deteriorate while they are waiting to be seen by ED staff, or they may be harmed because they are not able to access timely and appropriate treatment.”

    Source location

    Response from South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 4 February 2025

    Open published response
  5. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly

    AI-generated summary

    CHARLES GEORGE EDWARD DEVOS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Charles George Edward Devos died at home on 9 January 2021 from an acute bowel condition after delayed clinical assessment following two 999 calls. The inquest found that the delay was a missed opportunity for potentially lifesaving treatment amid extreme operational pressure on ambulance services. The principal concerns were unallocated 999 calls, excessive ambulance delays, and reliance on measures such as self-conveyance, taxis and unattended emergency department drop-offs.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Extreme operational pressure causing unallocated 999 calls and excessive ambulance delays

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Extreme operational pressure on ambulance services leading to volumes of unallocated 999 calls and excessive ambulance delays. There is a direct connection between the extreme operational pressure on SWAST and inadequate social and community care provision. This is because the inadequacy in these services creates a risk of future systemic failures causing excessive volumes of unallocated 999 calls and ambulance delays. ”

    Source location

    CHARLES GEORGE EDWARD DEVOS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Set out lessons learned from winter and planned urgent and emergency care improvements before the following winter.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The 10 Year Health Plan will focus on ensuring three big reform shifts in the way our health services deliver care. First, from ‘hospital to community’ to bring care closer to where people live. Second, from ‘analogue to digital’ with new technologies and digital approaches to modernise the NHS, and third from ‘sickness to prevention’ so people spend less time with ill-health by preventing illnesses before they happen. The reforms will support putting the NHS on a sustainable footing for the future. In the shorter-term, by this Spring we will also set out the lessons learned from this winter and the improvements that we will put in place to improve urgent and emergency care ahead of next winter.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 December 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement urgent and emergency care improvements identified through winter learning before the following winter.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The 10 Year Health Plan will focus on ensuring three big reform shifts in the way our health services deliver care. First, from ‘hospital to community’ to bring care closer to where people live. Second, from ‘analogue to digital’ with new technologies and digital approaches to modernise the NHS, and third from ‘sickness to prevention’ so people spend less time with ill-health by preventing illnesses before they happen. The reforms will support putting the NHS on a sustainable footing for the future. In the shorter-term, by this Spring we will also set out the lessons learned from this winter and the improvements that we will put in place to improve urgent and emergency care ahead of next winter.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 December 2024

    Open published response
  6. Derby and Derbyshire

    AI-generated summary

    Vera SPENCER · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Vera Spencer fell at home and waited approximately 11 hours for an ambulance before being taken to hospital with a fractured hip and chest infection. Her condition deteriorated after surgery, and she died on 11 December 2023; the medical cause of death included pneumonia and a fall. The principal concern was that people who fall at home may wait many hours for paramedic attendance during periods of ambulance service pressure, with no local out-of-hours falls service to assist them off the floor.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in ambulance attendance for people who have fallen at home

    Wider context from the report

    “At times when the ambulance service is under extreme pressure, individuals who have fallen at home can wait many hours on the floor before paramedics can attend. This is usually because falls are given a lower categorisation by the ambulance service because it is not a life-threatening situation. Resultant long lies can increase the risk of pneumonia, pressure damage and Rhabdomyolysis. The court heard evidence that other than the ambulance service, there is no local falls service or team operating out of hours to assess patients and assist them off the floor following a fall. ”

    Source location

    Vera SPENCER · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement area-wide options to further mitigate the risk of prolonged waits on the floor after a fall.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Further options that the ICB will consider for alternative ambulance response out of hours:”

    Source location

    Response from Derby NHS ICB
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue multi-agency work with local authorities and voluntary-sector partners to minimise ambulance response times.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In this critical incident the local NHS worked together with the local authorities and the voluntary sector to reduce the response times for patients in the community. In the short term we will continue to work as a multi-agency group to try and minimise response times by EMAS. In the medium term we recognise that we will need to identify ways in which the demand for healthcare and healthcare beds can be reduced. This will require a blended approach that looks at:”

    Source location

    Response from Derby NHS ICB
    Page 3 · response
    Published 11 November 2024

    Open published response
  7. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Simon Boyd · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Simon Boyd, who had reported dizziness, lethargy, sweating and later breathlessness, was found unresponsive at home on 1 June 2024 after an ambulance response was cancelled and a routine same-day home visit was arranged. Attempts to revive him were unsuccessful, and the inquest recorded myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease and hypertension. Concerns included ambulance response times not meeting national targets, potentially misleading NHS Pathways wording about ambulance dispatch, and cancellation of an ambulance response without first discussing this with the caller.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to adhere to national ambulance response-time targets

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The court heard evidence to the effect that, notwithstanding the national target for Category 3 99% calls of 9 out of 10 responses within 120 minutes, the anticipated wait for a Category 3 ambulance on 1st June 2024 was around 3 hours and 15 minutes. This is a factor which contributed to decision-making in this case. I am concerned that national targets for ambulance response times continue not to be adhered to. ”

    Source location

    Simon Boyd · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Issue a national directive requiring clinical validation of Category 3 and Category 4 ambulance responses in NHS 111 and 999 services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In order to support ambulance providers to manage their available resources, NHS England has issued a national directive, requiring providers to undertake clinical validation of Category 3 and Category 4 ambulance responses within both NHS 111 and 999 services. This involves validation of the disposition by a clinician (arranged locally), which can result in a different disposition being subsequently reached. The information captured in NHS Pathways may allow a clinician to re-categorise the call without direct contact with the patient. The Ambulance Trust’s Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) system, rather than NHS Pathways, is used to manage the validation process. It is a requirement that the CAD must be able to provide appropriate exit scripts for Category 3 / Category 4 codes or dispositions. The wording of the exit scripts is for local determination.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 4 · response
    Published 6 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Support the NHS, including ambulance services, to achieve safe operational response-time standards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This Government recognises that in recent years, ambulance response time performance has been below the high standards that patients should expect. That is why this Government has committed to supporting the National Health Service to improve performance, including ambulance services achieving the safe operational response times standards set out in the NHS Constitution.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 1 · response
    Published 6 November 2024

    Open published response
  8. Swansea and Neath Port Talbot

    AI-generated summary

    Peter Parker · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Peter Parker sustained a laceration to his right wrist from broken glass at home and called an ambulance, but the call disconnected and assistance arrived approximately 9½ hours later, after he had died. The principal concern was that the ambulance response exceeded the expected survival time for the injury, with delays attributed to ambulances waiting to hand over patients at emergency departments.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in responding to Amber 1 emergency calls

    Wider context from the report

    “During the course of the inquest the reason given for the significant delay to respond to the call was ambulances waiting at Emergency Departments to hand over patients, meaning that the ambulances are not therefore responding to calls for assistance. The longest wait at the Emergency Department by an ambulance on the evening in question was 11-12 hours, which is the equivalent of a whole 12 hour shift where that ambulance was not responding to calls. The inquest heard evidence that when the MPDS system was introduced in 2015 it was envisaged that an Amber 1 priority call would be responded to in 20 minutes from the time of the call and that a person with a transected radial artery could expect to survive 30-45 minutes. Given that it was not feasible for Peter to transport himself to hospital, and Peter had not contacted his family for their assistance. I am concerned that the response time in this case was beyond the expected survivability of such an injury. The Amber 1 priority rating was by itself not incorrect but was inappropriate in the context of the time taken to respond to such priorities on the evening in question. I am further concerned that the reason for the delay was due to ambulances waiting to offload patients at hospitals, in accordance with the ambulance’s duty of care, and therefore not responding to emergency calls as is their purpose. 1. There was a significant delay in getting an ambulance to Peter which resulted in him dying from his injuries before assistance arrived. The time for survival of such injuries was 30-45 minutes, however the time taken to respond was in excess of 9 hours. Whilst there is no specific target for Amber 1 calls it was envisaged that when the system was introduced such calls would be responded to in 20 minutes. ”

    Source location

    Peter Parker · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Embed new clinical roles in control rooms to triage 999 calls earlier and support more effective care decisions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “▪ As part of our plans for winter we are embedding new clinical roles in our control rooms to proactively triage 999 calls earlier in the call cycle. By using clinical expertise, it enables more effective clinical decisions regarding the best care to meet the patient’s needs.”

    Source location

    Response from WELSH AMBULANCE SERVICE NHS TRUST
    Page 4 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Action all Red ambulance-release requests and facilitate prompt release of identified emergency resources.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Step 1 – WAST will contact ED staff via the “red phone” and direct an immediate release of an ambulance delayed outside the ED when no other appropriate resource is available to respond to a Red or Amber1 patient and/or when the resource has an extended travel time and nearer appropriate resources could attend that patient. The direction made by WAST will share the incident priority, patient age and chief complaint, identify the number of resources that are required to be released and the callsigns of the resources to be released (those that are immediately able to respond to the incident).”

    Source location

    Response from SWANSEA BAY UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Assess, document and notify site management of decisions to decline Amber1 ambulance-release requests.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Step 3 – Should an immediate release direction be declined by the ED staff, WAST will act in accordance with the WAST Resource Deployment SOP and record and escalate the refusal to the Operational Delivery Unit. If a Health Board does decline an immediate release direction, they will be required to provide the reasons for this and the name or identifying detail (e.g., employee number) of the declining staff member.”

    Source location

    Response from SWANSEA BAY UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Carry out a targeted programme to redesign urgent and emergency care access, services, staffing and infrastructure to reduce patient harm and service failure.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Health Board has commenced a programme of targeted intervention in conjunction with the National Strategy for Right Care, Right Place, First Time: Six Goals for Urgent & Emergency Care, supported by Welsh Government, to address risks associated with urgent and emergency patient pathways, including the ability to release emergency response vehicles, following arrival at Morriston Hospital. The aim of this programme of work is to critically review and redesign across community access, service delivery, staffing models and infrastructure in order to reduce risk of patient harm and service failure.”

    Source location

    Response from SWANSEA BAY UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD
    Page 4 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Set annual NHS planning expectations and ambulance handover, patient-flow and delayed-discharge improvement priorities, including a 30% reduction aspiration.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Welsh Government communicates its expectations of health boards and NHS Trusts through an annual NHS planning framework and organisations are expected to produce integrated medium-term plans annually that respond to the priorities set in the NHS planning framework.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Monitor delivery of urgent and emergency care priorities through bi-monthly Integrated Quality, Planning and Delivery meetings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Successful delivery of these plans should support improvements across a range of measures, including the reduction of ambulance patient handover delays contributing to improved ambulance responsiveness. Progress in delivering these priorities is monitored through bi-monthly Integrated Quality, Planning and Delivery meetings between Welsh Government officials, representatives of the NHS Executive and health boards.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and publish national ambulance patient handover guidance setting expectations for relevant NHS organisations and clinicians.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “More recently, the Welsh Government has developed new ambulance patient handover guidance – published on 29 October 2024 which sets out expectations of the NHS Wales Joint Commissioning Committee, ambulance clinicians and health boards to support improved ambulance patient handover. The NHS Executive will undertake audits of organisations’ compliance with the guidance over the remainder of 2024/2025, and we have been clear that health boards must also undertake their own audits of compliance.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Launch a 50-day integrated care winter challenge funded by additional Welsh Government funding to accelerate safe alternatives to admission and timely discharge.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Welsh Government has also recently launched a 50-day integrated care winter challenge (‘the challenge’) based on learning from other parts of the UK. The Welsh Government identified ten high-impact and best practice actions for health boards, regional partnership boards and local authorities to deliver between 11 November and 31 December 2024.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 3 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue engaging with other UK nations and seek to transfer learning to improve ambulance patient handover performance in Wales.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Welsh Government are monitoring progress very closely and will review lessons learned following completion of the initial 50 days on 31 December 2024 to support sustained implementation of the best practice actions in 2025 and onwards. The Welsh Government also continues to engage regularly with other UK nations to learn lessons about solutions to the ambulance patient handover issue and will be seeking to transfer learning to improve performance in Wales in 2025.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 4 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    No additional actions are proposed because existing plans and measures already address ambulance response risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust does not propose to take any additional, or new, actions specifically in relation to this Preventing Future Deaths report because of existing plans already being enacted. Whilst we recognise that this may appear insensitive given the loss Mr Parker’s family have experienced and in light of the risks you raise with us, we hope to provide assurance that the Trust already recognised the risks and pressures within Urgent and Emergency care pathways and is taking all possible steps within its control to ensure availability of resources to respond to Red and Amber calls. The Trust also seeks to secure full support from its commissioners through its commissioning body, the JCC, Welsh Government, the wider NHS and Local Government to ensure appropriate clinical risk management across the urgent and emergency care pathway to release resources with the Trust.”

    Source location

    Response from WELSH AMBULANCE SERVICE NHS TRUST
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Emergency department handover delays reduce ambulance capacity and constrain the Trust’s ability to provide timely responses despite internal improvement measures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We hope that this information supports our position that we are doing everything within our sphere of control and influence to deliver more timely, safer care however we are acutely aware of the limitations of our actions within the wider health and care landscape of extreme pressures across Urgent and Emergency Care systems. The number of hours' worth of Trust emergency ambulance production lost per month due to long waits at emergency departments is consistently reaching the 25,000 to 30,000 hours mark. This equates to approximately 20 per cent to 25 per cent of our entire fleet capacity every month as a result of the pressure right across the urgent and emergency care system. This issue remains the highest influencing factor on our ability to provide timely responses, far above and beyond the incremental improvement measures being taken internally by the Trust.”

    Source location

    Response from WELSH AMBULANCE SERVICE NHS TRUST
    Page 4 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Determining WAST clinical priorities and resource allocation is outside the Health Board’s role.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “At any point in time (24/7), the Health Board and specifically the Hospital Management Team at Morriston Hospital is aware of the number of open calls being managed by WAST, the clinical priority assigned to each of these calls, by WAST, and a very general comment on clinical presentation; universally referred to as the “stack”. The extent of information available, at this point is very limited and the Health Board has no role in determining clinical priority and resource allocation.”

    Source location

    Response from SWANSEA BAY UNIVERSITY HEALTH BOARD
    Page 1 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delivering emergency ambulance services in line with commissioning intentions is the ambulance trust’s responsibility.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I note you have also written to the Chief Executive of Swansea Bay University Health Board (which is responsible for planning and delivering services based on an assessment of local population need), and the Chief Executive of the Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust (which is responsible for delivering emergency ambulance services in line with commissioning intentions set of it by the NHS Wales Joint Commissioning Committee). The independent responses of the health board and the trust should detail the respective actions taken by each organisation to address your concerns.”

    Source location

    Response from Welsh Government
    Page 1 · response
    Published 22 October 2024

    Open published response
  9. Worcestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Henry Michael WILLEMS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Henry Michael WILLEMS collapsed at home in Malvern in the early hours of 12 October 2023 after being unwell with gastritis for 48 hours and was confirmed deceased after paramedics attended. The report identified concern that the ambulance response was substantially delayed, with expert evidence that he would probably have survived if paramedics had attended within the applicable 18-minute mean response time.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to meet applicable Category 2 ambulance response times

    Wider context from the report

    “1) In the course of the inquest, I heard evidence from the Patient Safety Learning Lead for West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust ( WMAS ), who told me: (a) Mr. Willems’ case was correctly assigned a Category 2 disposition, for which the mean response time is 18 minutes, and the 90ᵗʰ percentile response time is 40 minutes; (b) Those response times were not met, as Mr. Willems was not reached by paramedics until some 2 hours 18 minutes after the “clock start” time for his case; (c) The Trust was unable to meet the applicable mean and 90ᵗʰ percentile response times, because at the time of these events, it was operating at Emergency and Urgent Service Level 4 (the highest level which can be applied ). The Trust had over 200 outstanding incidents, of which 31 were other Category 2 cases, and 50% of their vehicles were being delayed at hospitals within the region for anything between 189 minutes and 441 minutes. 2) I heard expert evidence that Mr. Willems would probably have survived this episode, and would not have died when he did, had paramedics been able to attend his home address within the applicable 18 minute mean response time. ”

    Source location

    Henry Michael WILLEMS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Return urgent and emergency care operations to the safe waiting-time standards set out in the NHS Constitution.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “At a national level, this government is committed to returning to the safe operational waiting time standards set out in the NHS Constitution. In doing so we will be honest about the challenges facing the health service and serious about tackling them. The Health Secretary ordered an independent investigation of NHS performance to provide an assessment of the issues and challenges it faces. This reported on 12th September 2024 and the investigation’s findings will feed into the government’s work on a 10-year plan to radically reform the NHS and build a health service that is fit for the future.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 October 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve hospital flow, reduce delayed discharges, and increase urgent and emergency care capacity.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In the short-term, a range of action is being taken by the NHS this year to improve urgent and emergency care performance, including by maintaining capacity gains in acute hospital beds and ambulance hours on the road achieved in 2023-24, increasing the productivity of acute and non-acute services across bedded and non-bedded capacity, and directing patients to more appropriate services in the community where these can better meet their needs. This government is also working to improve hospital flow to make sure people do not spend longer than necessary in hospital and reduce delayed discharges, increasing urgent and emergency care capacity.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 October 2024

    Open published response
  10. East Riding and Hull

    AI-generated summary

    Josh Andrew Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Josh Andrew Smith had longstanding medical complications following quadriplegia from a 2009 road traffic incident. He was found unresponsive and not breathing on 19 December 2022, was diagnosed with hypoxic brain injury, bronchopneumonia and influenza A, and died on 22 December 2022 despite treatment. Concerns included continuing ambulance response delays and hospital handover delays, with response standards and the 15-minute handover target not being achieved.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to achieve target ambulance response standards for Category 1 and Category 2 calls

    Wider context from the report

    “I heard evidenced that whilst the Yorkshire Ambulance Service have taken a number of steps within their powers to try to reduce the delays experienced by patients waiting for an ambulance within the community, that those delays continue. Specifically, I was told that the response standards for both Category 1 and Category 2 calls (for the year to date), whilst improved from the time of Mr Smith’s death, still remain outside of the target response standards (both on average and at the 90ᵗʰ centile). The evidence heard was that the national target for hospital handover by the ambulance service, of 15 minutes, is still not being achieved. Evidence suggested that whilst there has and continues to be efforts made by the ambulance service and acute hospitals to increase the speed at which ambulances handover their patients, that delays in this process continue to impact upon the speed of the ambulance response to patients waiting within the community. ”

    Source location

    Josh Andrew Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Work jointly through the Executive Led Partnership Board to agree ambulance-service improvement priorities and allocate additional investment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since April 2023, the three Integrated Care Boards (ICBs) across Yorkshire and Humber have worked jointly through an Executive Led Partnership Board (ELB) with YAS to agree joint priorities to improve performance and to allocate additional investment. This investment is aimed at recruiting additional ambulance crews, developing new ways of working to avoid conveyance to hospital and investment in new vehicles, all of which are aimed at being able to provide a timelier response and meet increasing demand.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS West Yorkshire ICB
    Page 2 · response
    Published 1 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share the Regulation 28 response, report and concerns with the Hull and East Riding Urgent and Emergency Care Transformation Programme.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This response and the Regulation 28 report and matters of concern will be shared with Hull and East Riding Urgent and Emergency Care Transformation Programme. This oversees the local improvement of ambulance handover and delivery of timely responses in that community.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS West Yorkshire ICB
    Page 5 · response
    Published 1 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Focus national work on increasing ambulance capacity through workforce growth.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “National work has also focused on the need to increase ambulance capacity through growing the workforce, improve flow through hospitals and reduce handover delays, speed up discharges from hospital and expand new services in the community; all of which support improved patient flow. The NHS is also working more closely with local authorities to improve the timely discharge of patients and has developed discharge metrics to monitor performance improvements.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 1 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve patient flow through hospitals and reduce ambulance handover delays.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “National work has also focused on the need to increase ambulance capacity through growing the workforce, improve flow through hospitals and reduce handover delays, speed up discharges from hospital and expand new services in the community; all of which support improved patient flow. The NHS is also working more closely with local authorities to improve the timely discharge of patients and has developed discharge metrics to monitor performance improvements.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 1 August 2024

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026