Recurring concern

Failure to carry out required neurological observations

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First reported 28 Feb 2014•Latest report 12 Jun 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of the neurological-observation process, including dedicated planning, continuity, staff competence, performance, accuracy, recording and adherence to applicable guidance where these failures concern neurological observations.

Not included

  • Excludes generic clinical or vital-sign observations that are not specifically neurological observations.
  • Excludes generic training, staffing, documentation or monitoring deficiencies unless the report directly ties them to the neurological-observation process.
  • Excludes failures of escalation or treatment that are not part of carrying out or interpreting required neurological observations.
  • Excludes unrelated observation processes, including psychiatric, prisoner, postoperative or neonatal observations, unless neurological observations are explicitly involved.
Reports
26

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
33

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
55

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Cardiff & Vale University LHB3
Office of the Chief Coroner3
Barts Health NHS Trust2
Care Quality Commission2
Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Local Health Board2
Kent and Medway Mental Health NHS Trust2
Royal London Hospital2
Welsh Government2
Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
Bupa Care Homes1
Bupa UK Provision1
Chief Executive Northern Care Alliance Salford Royal Hospital1
Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
Doncaster Royal Infirmary1
East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Manchester North

    AI-generated summary

    Mr Barry Peter Joseph Davies · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mr Barry Peter Joseph Davies fell while walking to his GP surgery on 20 October 2025 and was admitted to hospital with a brain bleed. The concerns were that neurological observations were not carried out as frequently as required before his deterioration, and that they were discontinued while he was awaiting a second CT scan.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Neurological observations performed too infrequently or discontinued while a second CT scan is pending

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The Court heard Neurological observations were not carried out on Mr Davies as frequently as they should have been before his deterioration was noted. (2) The court heard evidence a Nurse had discontinued the Neurological observations on the evening of the 22nd October whilst Mr Davies was still waiting his second CT scan. ”

    Source location

    Mr Barry Peter Joseph Davies · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Complete final review and approval of the head-injury Neurological Observation Care Plan.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. A Neurological Observation Care Plan for head injuries has been developed to ensure early recognition of deterioration, with clear guidance on increasing observation frequency and escalation. This is currently undergoing final review and approval. This will be linked to the Head Injury Policy on the Trust Policy Hub and will be disseminated across the Trust by 30th August 2026, this will be supported by a communication plan and followed by an audit programme (described in more detail at point 13).”

    Source location

    Response from Northern Care Alliance
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Disseminate the approved head-injury Neurological Observation Care Plan across the Trust with supporting communications.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. A Neurological Observation Care Plan for head injuries has been developed to ensure early recognition of deterioration, with clear guidance on increasing observation frequency and escalation. This is currently undergoing final review and approval. This will be linked to the Head Injury Policy on the Trust Policy Hub and will be disseminated across the Trust by 30th August 2026, this will be supported by a communication plan and followed by an audit programme (described in more detail at point 13).”

    Source location

    Response from Northern Care Alliance
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Submit the amended Head Injury Policy and Neurological Observations Care Plan for approval and distribute them across the Trust.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. The Head Injury Policy and Neurological Observations Care Plan has been further updated to reflect that the decision to cease neurological observations must be an MDT approach and clearly documented in the clinical notes. The amended policy will be submitted for approval and distribution across the Trust by 30th August 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from Northern Care Alliance
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the single NCA observation policy with additional neurological-observation guidance and include it in standard nursing training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5. A single NCA NEWS policy (NCAUECCC002 – “Observation policy for Patients 16 years and over”) was launched on 10th June 2026 replacing the previous versions applicable to Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. The new policy includes additional guidance added to Neurological Observations – section 5.3 and will be included in the standard neurological observation training for nursing staff.”

    Source location

    Response from Northern Care Alliance
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide mandatory head-injury and trauma-care training, including neurological-observation requirements, to relevant nursing staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “6. All registered nursing staff in the Emergency Departments across the NCA and Urgent Care Observation Unit at The Royal Oldham Hospital (the other sites do not have an observation unit) complete mandatory training in head injury and trauma care, including neurological observation requirements in line with NICE guidance. Current compliance is 100% for head injury training and 94% for Trauma Life Support training.”

    Source location

    Response from Northern Care Alliance
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Display posters across clinical areas highlighting frequent neurological observations and documentation when observations cease.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. A poster has been developed to highlight the requirement for frequent neurological observations in patients with a head injury. It also emphasises that any decision to cease these observations must be clearly documented in accordance with Trust policy. The poster is now displayed across all clinical areas.”

    Source location

    Response from Northern Care Alliance
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct monthly audits of neurological observations and care plans, sharing results and learning with staff for real-time feedback.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “8. A programme of monthly audits has been introduced to monitor compliance with neurological observations and care plans, enabling early identification of any gaps and further training needs. There were 11 admissions from 1st June 2026 to 8th July 2026 for post head injury care. 3 sets of notes have been sent for scanning so could not be reviewed. Of the remaining 8 patients all had a head injury proforma and neurological care plan completed and 98% of neurological observations were completed on time. None of the 11 patients required escalation. Audit results and identified learning is being shared with the team at time of audit, for real time feedback and support.”

    Source location

    Response from Northern Care Alliance
    Page 2 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver reflective learning with involved medical and nursing staff and share incident learning through team safety huddles.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “9. In relation to the incident, reflective learning has been undertaken with the medical and nursing staff involved. Learning from the incident has been shared more widely through team safety huddles, including neurological observations, timely escalations and referral to haematology for patients presenting with head injury.”

    Source location

    Response from Northern Care Alliance
    Page 3 · response
    Published 21 August 2026

    Open published response
  2. South Yorkshire (Eastern)

    AI-generated summary

    Dennis Keith Price · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Dennis Keith Price, a 71-year-old man, died on 28 October 2024 after falling while making his way unescorted to the toilet during a hospital admission. He suffered a subdural haemorrhage after the fall, and concerns included incomplete post-fall review, unclear neurological-observation instructions, and delays or failures in responding to Nerve Centre alerts.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of a clear plan for the frequency and duration of neurological observations following a fall

    Wider context from the report

    “2. No clear plan for frequency of neurological observations and duration of the same and associated lack of clear direction from the attending Doctor following a fall. ”

    Source location

    Dennis Keith Price · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Embed requirements for attending doctors to document individualised post-fall neurological observation plans covering frequency, duration, review and escalation criteria.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust acknowledges the concern regarding the absence of consistently documented medical direction for the frequency and duration of neurological observations following Mr Price’s fall. While the Patient Falls Prevention and Management Policy (PAT/PS 11) provides guidance on post-fall management, learning has identified the need for clearer, explicit documentation by the attending doctor to ensure that neurological observation requirements, review arrangements and escalation plans are clearly defined and understood by the multidisciplinary team. As part of ongoing improvement, the Trust is reinforcing the expectation that a clear, individualised post-fall monitoring plan is documented following every fall, supported through strengthened documentation standards, targeted multidisciplinary training and continued emphasis on completion of the Inpatient Post-Fall Review.”

    Source location

    2026-0037 - Response from Doncaster Royal Infirmary
    Page 2 · response
    Published 26 January 2026

    Open published response
  3. Kent and Medway

    AI-generated summary

    Sarah Heaver · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sarah Heaver, aged 59, was found unconscious at home on 21 May 2024 and later entered the sea at Whitstable in a deliberate attempt to end her life; she was pronounced deceased in hospital on 27 May 2024. Concerns included the absence of a CT head scan and structured neurological observations after presentation with a very low GCS, inconsistent and incomplete medical records, and gaps in access to psychiatric input after discharge from acute hospital care.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to undertake structured neurological observations

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) I am concerned that no structured neurological observations were undertaken on a patient presenting with such a low GCS, risking deterioration being missed. ”

    Source location

    Sarah Heaver · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement improvements to electronic documentation of neurological observations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust’s letter in August 2025 showed how Mrs Heaver’s GCS improved rapidly during transport (after the bolus of Naloxone) and then upon admission to hospital. However, review of the notes identified the need for improved documentation of neurological observations. The case identified the need for standardised and frequent GCS documentation. The Trust’s Deteriorating Patient Lead Nurse has reviewed the notes and implemented improvements to the Trust’s electronic documentation system.”

    Source location

    Response from East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and submit a revised digital deteriorating-patient pathway for testing, including automatic GCS access and mandatory completion where indicated.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “parameter is entered (i.e. any response other than “Alert”), the system prompts the user to indicate whether a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessment is required. However, even when a clinician confirms that a GCS assessment is clinically indicated, completion of the GCS remains non-mandatory, and observations may be submitted without this assessment being recorded. Furthermore, the current configuration requires the clinician to manually locate and complete the GCS assessment further down within the flowsheet, which introduces risk of omission during time-critical situations.”

    Source location

    Response from East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 January 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Update the Vital Signs Policy to require escalation for neurological deterioration and fifteen-minute then thirty-minute observations during Naloxone infusions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, as mentioned in the Trust’s letter in August 2025, the Vital Signs Policy has been reviewed and updated effective from November 2025. This revision incorporates specific learning identified from the incident involving Mrs Heaver and reflects the Trust’s commitment to continuous improvement, education, and the embedding of best practice into clinical governance frameworks.”

    Source location

    Response from East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 January 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Embed revised neurological deterioration and escalation standards within ALERT and accredited Immediate Life Support training programmes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Importantly, this policy update is not solely procedural amendments but are actively embedded within the Trust’s education and training infrastructure. The revised standards now inform and support the following programmes:”

    Source location

    Response from East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 20 January 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Present revised neurological assessment and escalation standards at Urgent, Emergency, and Acute Medicine governance meetings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Governance Meetings The revised policy will be formally presented at Urgent, Emergency, and Acute Medicine governance meetings by the Consultant team. This ensures that clinical expectations and gold-standard practice in the assessment, escalation, and management of patients with reduced or fluctuating GCS are clearly communicated and understood across relevant specialties.”

    Source location

    Response from East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 20 January 2026

    Open published response
  4. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Doris Joyce Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Doris Joyce Smith fell on Ruby Ward on 9 October 2020, suffered a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage, and died on 14 October 2020. The report identifies concerns about delayed and inaccurate falls risk assessments, inadequate neurological and ward observations, failure to implement physiotherapy advice, poor record keeping, and ineffective communication about the care and observation levels required.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to complete required neurological observations after sustained head injury

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) Neurological observations following a sustained head injury were not completed as required ”

    Source location

    Doris Joyce Smith · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide mandatory neurological-observation training to substantive, bank and non-registered staff using case studies and scenarios.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- Training for staff related to the understanding of neurological observations is covered in several mandatory training courses, including; Grab Bag, Preventing Falls in Hospital and Immediate Life Support. This covers theoretical components and the use of case studies and scenario based training to ensure embedding of knowledge in a practical sense. This training is completed by substantive and bank staff and currently includes non-registered staff members.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use clinical guidance and neurological observation charts to specify post-fall neurological assessment, Glasgow Coma Scale recording and observation frequencies.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “observations. The ‘Clinical Guideline on the Use of National Early Warning Score System (NEWS2) (CG87) provides staff with a framework for the identification and management of patients who are at risk of physiological deterioration. It has information on when physiological observations must be taken, when to complete a monitoring plan for physiological observations, how to record these observations and what to do if the metrics are abnormal.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University
    Page 5 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response
  5. Mid Kent and Medway

    AI-generated summary

    FRED MALCOLM REYNOLDS (Ted) · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ted died in hospital on 30 October 2019 from an acute on chronic subdural haematoma following a head injury. He had experienced falls, increasing frailty, low sodium and anaemia, and the inquest concluded that the combination of these factors contributed to his death. Neurological observations advised after the head injury were started but not continued, and the reason was not documented in the medical records.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to document the reason for discontinuing neurological observations

    Wider context from the report

    “Specialist neurology advice was given to conduct neurological observations every two hours for 48 hours following head injury. These observations were commenced but not continued. It was not possible to understand why these observations has been discontinued and there was no entry made in the medical records. ”

    Source location

    FRED MALCOLM REYNOLDS (Ted) · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to continue neurological observations following head injury

    Wider context from the report

    “Specialist neurology advice was given to conduct neurological observations every two hours for 48 hours following head injury. These observations were commenced but not continued. It was not possible to understand why these observations has been discontinued and there was no entry made in the medical records. ”

    Source location

    FRED MALCOLM REYNOLDS (Ted) · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Maintain a NICE-compliant Falls Policy specifying neurological-observation frequency and continuation until medical review.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Our Falls Policy, which is NICE compliant, provides guidance regarding neurological observations. It clearly sets out that neurological observations should be completed every thirty minutes for two hours. Only when it is confirmed that no abnormalities have been detected, this becomes hourly observation for the next four hours, and then two-hourly after that, until medical review has occurred. Staff are sufficiently trained and compliant with this quality standard is monitored through our Falls Care Pathway and incident reporting. We have a well-established system for sharing lessons learnt through our quality governance meetings, and Mr Reynolds’s story has been presented there.”

    Source location

    2021-0241-Response-from-KMPT_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 15 July 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Monitor compliance with neurological-observation standards through the Falls Care Pathway, incident reporting and quality governance reviews.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Our Falls Policy, which is NICE compliant, provides guidance regarding neurological observations. It clearly sets out that neurological observations should be completed every thirty minutes for two hours. Only when it is confirmed that no abnormalities have been detected, this becomes hourly observation for the next four hours, and then two-hourly after that, until medical review has occurred. Staff are sufficiently trained and compliant with this quality standard is monitored through our Falls Care Pathway and incident reporting. We have a well-established system for sharing lessons learnt through our quality governance meetings, and Mr Reynolds’s story has been presented there.”

    Source location

    2021-0241-Response-from-KMPT_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 15 July 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Include clinically indicated neurological observations in shift handovers and patient status boards, with ongoing quality assurance audits.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Neurological observations are part of every handover if clinically indicated, as set out in the Inpatient Handover Protocol which was introduced in protocol in December 2018, and on the patient status board/at a glance board. Shift handover processes are regularly reviewed, and are subject to quality checks through our programme of CLIQ Quality assurance audits, in order to ensure ongoing quality improvement.”

    Source location

    2021-0241-Response-from-KMPT_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 15 July 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use electronic NEWS2 observations to identify consciousness changes, trigger neurological observations when indicated, issue missed-observation alerts and support remote clinical review.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3. All patients on our wards have a set of vital signs recorded via NEWS2, i.e. the National Early Warning Score 2 since an electronic observation project was rolled out across 2019. This is a system designed to standardise the assessment and response to acute illness. Any patient returning from a visit to A&E, or the general hospital, have their vital signs recorded on eObs, an electronic recording system, that will calculate National Early Warning Score (NEWS2). This encompasses a consciousness level assessment, and will identify the need for Glasgow Comma Scale (GCS) to be completed. Neurological observations utilising GCS are implemented when clinically indicated, or following a reduced consciousness score from NEWS2.”

    Source location

    2021-0241-Response-from-KMPT_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 15 July 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train staff in electronic observations and neurological-observation competencies, with ongoing training for newly appointed nursing and medical staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of the roll out of this new system, training was provided and completed by all members of staff, and there is ongoing training offered to new nursing and medical staff. Their competencies are assessed and signed off as part of this training, further demonstrating the steps we have taken to improve staff knowledge, skills, and confidence with undertaking neuro observations.”

    Source location

    2021-0241-Response-from-KMPT_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 15 July 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Employ a specialist Physical Health Nurse on each ward to teach, support and supervise physical healthcare.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “6. In addition to staff training, the use of digital technology, and the improved quality governance and assurance systems in place, we have also employed specialist Physical Health Nurses on each ward as part of our nursing skill mix. This ensures that we have staff with relevant technical expertise to teach, support and supervise provision of high-quality physical health care to our patients. This was not in place at the time of Mr Reynolds’s treatment.”

    Source location

    2021-0241-Response-from-KMPT_Published
    Page 3 · response
    Published 15 July 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver Trust-wide train-the-trainer education on neurological observations and the Glasgow Coma Scale to physical health nurses, with refresher sessions and online access.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. Our resuscitation service has further developed a Trust-wide “Train the Trainer” course for neurological observations and the Glasgow Coma Scale, and has delivered this to all physical health nurses. Since March 2021, all the physical health nurses across the Trust have been trained, and we now offer a short refresher training session for each team, and will continue to facilitate these sessions as required. This training is also available via eLearn (virtual learning platform) for all staff to access as needed.”

    Source location

    2021-0241-Response-from-KMPT_Published
    Page 3 · response
    Published 15 July 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and disseminate a learning bulletin reminding staff to complete Glasgow Coma Scale observations after incidents, possible strokes, head injuries and medical emergencies.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “8. Following Mr Reynolds’s death, the Older Adults Care Group developed and disseminated a learning bulletin to all staff, reiterating the need for neurological observations to be completed for any seen or unseen incident where a patient is presenting with a head injury, possible stroke symptoms or any medical emergency. It clearly reminded staff that observations should be completed using the Glasgow Coma Scale.”

    Source location

    2021-0241-Response-from-KMPT_Published
    Page 3 · response
    Published 15 July 2021

    Open published response
  6. Black Country

    AI-generated summary

    Edna May Davenport · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Edna May Davenport, a resident of Oak Court House residential care home, sustained head injuries during an unwitnessed assault by another resident and died in hospital on 12 December 2019. The report raised concerns about the removal of her alarm without documented alternative arrangements, inadequate recording and monitoring of observations, insufficient risk assessment of the other resident, and delays in responding to signs of head injury and deterioration.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide and adjust neurological observations after head injury

    Wider context from the report

    “(5) I heard evidence that there were obvious signs of an injury to Edna’s head in the form of the injury to her eye which resulted in bruising and swelling. There was also evidence that the deceased had been punched to the head. The District Nurse recorded that Edna had had a headache and the deceased had complained to her daughter about suffering with a headache shortly after the assault. Despite this, no neuro observations were undertaken and there was no change to the frequency of Edna’s observations; ”

    Source location

    Edna May Davenport · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. Bedfordshire and Luton

    AI-generated summary

    Millie Creasy · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Millie Creasy suffered a prolonged seizure at home on 31 July 2018, was discharged from hospital after limited neurological observations, and was readmitted after deteriorating. She subsequently suffered respiratory arrest caused by brain herniation from raised intracranial pressure, and brain stem death was confirmed on 5 August 2018. Concerns included the lack of continued neurological observations, the absence of consideration of neuroprotective strategies after a prolonged seizure, and whether earlier identification and treatment of raised intracranial pressure might have improved her chances of survival.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain neurological observation after prolonged seizure

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Millie was admitted to the Luton & Dunstable Hospital on 31 July 2018 at 14.42 hours having suffered a prolonged seizure of approximately 30 minutes which paramedics described as decorticate. She was subsequently discharged at 20.40 hours for with an appointment for review the following day (regular neurological observations had ceased after 2 hours); (2) Whilst my factual findings recognised that any earlier treatment for raised ICP may not have altered the outcome, and that a diagnosis of raised ICP or the risk of raised ICP is a clinical one, I was informed that it was not possible for the Luton & Dunstable NHS Trust to be more prescriptive in terms of clinical treatment in cases where a child presents with a history of prolonged seizure and that, in any event, “the Trust did not have stronger evidence that a longer period of observation would help as neuro-observations will only detect the late situation when cerebral oedema has reached the point of coning/tonsillar herniation when intervention is often not effective. Additional interventions would only occur when the process is advanced enough for clinical detection and the outcome is poor”; (3) During the Inquest, I heard evidence from ████████, Paediatric Intensivist, at St Mary’s Hospital, London. Both the Pathologist and ████████ agreed that an prolonged seizure can cause a hypoxic brain injury that may not become clinically apparent for hours or even days. ████████ also explained that if Millie’s condition had been identified at the stage of ‘peri-herniation’, she would have received neuroprotective procedures which would have improved her chances of survival; I have since been provided with a copy of the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Guideline (Drafted by ████████): Neuroprotection for the patient on the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. The scope of the guideline is said to be multi-protection team working in any area of Paediatrics and states that: “Whenever a patient has suffered a neurological insult or is at risk of primary (cellular damage leading to cell death) or secondary neurological injury (further cellular and structural injury) neuroprotective strategies should be commenced. Clinical situations where this should be considered include the following: Traumatic Brain Injury Sepsis – prolonged hypotension Sepsis – meningitis, encephalitis Post-cardiac arrest Any CNS insult – prolonged seizures Metabolic derangements – sodium, glucose, ammonia Liver failure – encephalopathy”; (4) Although the evidence suggested Millie had suffered a prolonged seizure, there was no evidence to suggest the potential need for neuroprotective strategies was, in fact, considered by the Luton & Dunstable NHS Trust. ”

    Source location

    Millie Creasy · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  8. South Wales Central

    AI-generated summary

    John Preece · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    John Preece, who had early onset dementia and was prone to seizures, suffered a witnessed seizure and fall on 9 September 2015, sustaining a serious head injury. He was not closely monitored and received incomplete and inappropriate physical and neurological observations before being admitted to hospital, where he died in the early hours of 10 September 2015. The principal concerns were inadequate falls management and neuro-observation knowledge and training, lack of forward planning and monitoring, and delayed medical assistance for medically unwell mental health patients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to plan and maintain required continued observations

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) There was a clear lack of knowledge amongst all staff, both registered nurses and support workers as to how to conduct neuro observations despite the evidence showing that guidance in the form of health board policy and also a “wall chart” was available to be consulted. (3) There was no forward planning for the continued observations of Mr Preece throughout the day on 9th September 2015 and as a result he was simply put to bed and not closely monitored as the circumstances required. (4) The evidence revealed that none of the registered nursing staff were trained either during their basic nurse training or subsequently upon employment within the health board, on how to conduct neuro observations and that together with a failure to appreciate an obvious head injury meant that not only observations conducted but that no medical assistance was sought for at least ten hours. ”

    Source location

    John Preece · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use a new neuro-observation chart and restrict neuro-observation performance to registered nurses under UHB policy.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A new neuro observation chart was introduced in August 2018 and it is now UHB policy that only registered nurses perform this task.”

    Source location

    2019-0019-Response-by-University-Health-Board
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 May 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Pursue appropriate regulatory concerns concerning the nurses through fitness-to-practise procedures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In appropriate circumstances, we enforce the standards set out in the Code through our fitness to practise proceedings. Depending on the seriousness of the case, our fitness to practise (FtP) proceedings can result in us providing advice or a warning, accepting undertakings, imposing a caution or conditions of practice order or suspending or removing a nurse from our register.”

    Source location

    2019-0019-Response-by-NMC
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 May 2019

    Open published response
  9. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    Elaine Bradbrook · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Elaine Bradbrook suffered a severe ischaemic stroke, deteriorated into a deep coma, underwent a craniectomy, and died at Queen’s Medical Centre on 27 April 2017. Concerns included failures to escalate and monitor her deterioration, reassess her condition before transfer, and reduce risks during transfer, including transfer with an unprotected airway and without clinical escort. The report also raised concerns about the trust’s failure to investigate the circumstances, fulfil its duty of candour, and support or properly represent witnesses during the inquest.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to record Glasgow Coma Scale observations after deterioration in consciousness

    Wider context from the report

    “b. There was a failure to record a single GCS after 14.00, when her level of consciousness dropped. I found no evidence of any clinical or nursing review after this time. ”

    Source location

    Elaine Bradbrook · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commence a serious incident investigation to review the care provided.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I agree that there are clear learning points from this case and I have asked the Risk Team to commence an SI investigation to review the care and submit an action plan, as necessary. I will of course share this with you and the family once complete.”

    Source location

    2018-0044-Response-by-United-Lincolnshire-Hospitals-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 7 June 2018

    Open published response
  10. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    William Henry BERGMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    William Henry Bergman, who had vascular dementia, was admitted to hospital with pneumonia and died after sustaining a forehead impact while being changed on 19 December 2016. He was later found to have a subdural haematoma and massive intracranial bleed. The principal concern was that the staff nurse treated the injury as minor without requesting immediate observations or medical review, and did not change the management plan when a bruise and lump were later noted.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to obtain and repeat immediate neurological observations after head injury

    Wider context from the report

    “The staff nurse who was called to see Mr Bergman after the accident, quickly formed the opinion that he was fine. Although the medical records were not available for consideration because Barts Health has been unable to locate them, she said that she would not go into detail such as whether he felt sick. She did not ask for immediate general observations, then to be repeated. She did not ask for immediate neurological observations, then to be repeated. She did not ask for a medical review. She said very candidly that she did not consider the possibility of a minor head injury in an elderly person with vascular dementia and liver cirrhosis having the potential for a major consequence. When she noted a bruise (which a family member attending Mr Bergman that day described as being accompanied by a lump) some hours later, she did not change her management plan. She completed a Datix report only the following day, after Mr Bergman’s death. The staff nurse said in court how sorry she was that she had not acted differently, and described her contact with Mr Bergman as career changing. The reason I write to you now is because if one staff nurse responded in this way to a head injury, immediately assuming that it was minor and therefore with minor consequences, then others may behave in the same way. ”

    Source location

    William Henry BERGMAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Roll out new post-head-injury guidance and training across Royal London Hospital Older Peoples Service wards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Certain preventative measures have already been taken. Since October 2017 new post management of head injury guidance and a training package has been rolled out within the Royal London Hospital Older Peoples Service wards with other inpatient areas to follow. The guidance ‘Observation of patients’ with head injury in hospital’ was developed as an interim measure prior to the role out of a more formal and trust wide policy for the management of head injury (patients and staff) next year when this is completed (March 2018).”

    Source location

    2017-0343-Barts-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 4 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Extend the post-head-injury guidance and training rollout to other inpatient areas.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Certain preventative measures have already been taken. Since October 2017 new post management of head injury guidance and a training package has been rolled out within the Royal London Hospital Older Peoples Service wards with other inpatient areas to follow. The guidance ‘Observation of patients’ with head injury in hospital’ was developed as an interim measure prior to the role out of a more formal and trust wide policy for the management of head injury (patients and staff) next year when this is completed (March 2018).”

    Source location

    2017-0343-Barts-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 4 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce a formal trust-wide policy for managing head injury in patients and staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Certain preventative measures have already been taken. Since October 2017 new post management of head injury guidance and a training package has been rolled out within the Royal London Hospital Older Peoples Service wards with other inpatient areas to follow. The guidance ‘Observation of patients’ with head injury in hospital’ was developed as an interim measure prior to the role out of a more formal and trust wide policy for the management of head injury (patients and staff) next year when this is completed (March 2018).”

    Source location

    2017-0343-Barts-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 4 February 2018

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026