Recurring concern

Inadequate 24-hour mental health crisis support

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First reported 30 Nov 2016•Latest report 13 May 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of the end-to-end 24-hour mental health crisis-support system, including its availability, response, support provision and admission gatekeeping, where the failure is specifically tied to supporting people in mental health crisis.

Not included

  • Excludes generic healthcare staffing, capacity or service-availability failures not specifically tied to mental health crisis support.
  • Excludes failures limited to a particular assessment, documentation, communication, follow-up or review step unless they demonstrate unreliability of the wider crisis-support system.
  • Excludes specialist treatment services or supervision arrangements unrelated to mental health crisis support.
  • Excludes failures concerning routine mental healthcare outside crisis situations.
Reports
14

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
15

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2016–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
40

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

NHS England4
Department of Health and Social Care3
NHS Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board3
Greater Manchester Combined Authority2
North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust2
Aneurin Bevan University LHB1
Brighton and Hove City Council1
Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust1
Coldingley Prison1
Greater Manchester Police1
Herefordshire and Worcestershire Health and Care NHS Trust1
HM Prison and Probation Service1
Humber Bridge Board1
Liverpool City Council1
Merseyside Police1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Cumbria

    AI-generated summary

    Nigel John KEENAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Nigel John Keenan died by hanging at HMP Haverigg between 8 pm on 12 March 2025 and 4:20 am on 13 March 2025; the inquest concluded suicide. Concerns included the lack of seven-day mental health support at the prison, limited staffing for constant observation, and a possible incentive for prisoners in crisis to minimise their suicidal intent.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of 7-day mental health support for prisoners in crisis

    Wider context from the report

    “In the course of hearing evidence in this inquest I was told that: 1) Mental health provision is only commissioned within HMP Haverigg during the week and is not available at the weekends. I was told that in the event that a prisoner experienced a crisis during the weekend they would be cared for by prison staff using the ACCT procedure, but that mental health input would not be available until Monday morning. 2) Because HMP Haverigg is a Category D 'open' prison it has far fewer staff available to monitor prisoners. As such it is not able to place prisoners on 'constant watch'. As a result if a prisoner requires very regular or constant observation (as a result of being in crisis) they would have to be transferred to a closed prison. 3) This means that prisoners who are in crisis have something of an incentive to deny their intent to self harm because to admit it would result in their being transferred to a closed prison. I am concerned that the decision not to commission 7 day a week mental health support at HMP Haverigg is therefore counterproductive. Because of the limited number of prison officers at the establishment it gives rise to a higher risk than would be the case at a closed prison. In particular, it risks providing an incentive for prisoners in crisis to play down the true extent of their situation. ”

    Source location

    Nigel John KEENAN · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review and finalise the national NHS England health and justice service specifications, incorporating learning to support tailored prison healthcare provision.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A review of the NHS England national health and justice service specifications is currently underway, with a view to finalising this in Summer 2026, and any learning from this case will be used to ensure that the primary care specification continues to support commissioners to be able to tailor services to meet the needs of their prison population. They ensure providers are clear on core service delivery and standards they are expected to prioritise which includes access to Out of Office Hours services. Delivery of these specifications is the responsibility of regionally regional commissioners under contract management processes”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 July 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Rectify communication of weekend and out-of-hours healthcare arrangements to the primary care provider.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Practitioners are contactable via an on-call number and will attend the prison to see anyone who requires assessment or intervention. There have been some issues with communicating this to the primary care provider and this has been rectified.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 July 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review weekend on-site healthcare provision over six months against patient need and demand.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Further communications and meetings have occurred with HM Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) to outline the offer and this has been agreed. The North West Health & Justice will review the provision over the next 6 months, looking at need and demand for weekend on site presence.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 July 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing out-of-hours community access and HMP Haverigg’s seven-day on-call service are considered sufficient despite no overnight healthcare provision.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “With regards to overnight staffing levels and the lack of clinical presence overnight, outside of weekday hours, the commissioning and provision of healthcare services across the England prison estate is based on a national service specification and health needs assessment for each establishment. It is overseen by the NHS England regional health and justice commissioning team.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 10 July 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Regional commissioners, rather than NHS England nationally, are responsible for delivering the national health and justice service specifications under contract management.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A review of the NHS England national health and justice service specifications is currently underway, with a view to finalising this in Summer 2026, and any learning from this case will be used to ensure that the primary care specification continues to support commissioners to be able to tailor services to meet the needs of their prison population. They ensure providers are clear on core service delivery and standards they are expected to prioritise which includes access to Out of Office Hours services. Delivery of these specifications is the responsibility of regionally regional commissioners under contract management processes”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 July 2026

    Open published response
  2. West London

    AI-generated summary

    Kallum Josh REED · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kallum Josh REED died after being found fully suspended during a police search following his disappearance on 11 February 2025. The report raises concerns about delays in autism spectrum disorder and ADHD referrals, assessments and diagnoses, and about crisis-care referral pathways and coordination between mental health services.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of mental health professionals to work collaboratively to find a safe crisis-care solution

    Wider context from the report

    “(2) The second concern is that the court was told that the "crisis team" gate-keep referrals into their service, notwithstanding that referral requests can often arise from psychiatry liaison and/or the community psychiatric team who have deep knowledge of the patient and have conducted their own detailed assessments. The care planning in Kallum's case advised him to contact the single point of access (who had rejected referral back to the crisis team in the weeks preceding the death), to present to ED (which he did but was discharged home to remain under the community team). The pathways essentially failed as the crisis team still able to reject the referral, thus effectively closing down an avenue for ongoing close care and communication as the crisis presentation continued. The Trust's internal report concluded that Kallum should have been assessed in person and probably should have been accepted back by the crisis team, but in court this conclusion was contested by the service manager. His evidence was that the crisis team was not appropriate for Kallum and the community team should continue the care. This re-emphasised the challenges faced by patients seeking crisis care as the Trust's own professionals were not in agreement or working collaboratively to find a safe solution. The situation appears not to have changed in the 12 months following this death. There appears to be no route to access the "half way house" provisions of care unless via the crisis team and so these were not offered or discussed with Kallum or his family who were trying to care for him. I am therefore raising this concern with the WLNHS Trust ”

    Source location

    Kallum Josh REED · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement a borough-based mental-health service structure to support integrated, less fragmented care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “From April 2025, the Trust moved from a service-line to a borough-based structure. This means that all mental health services are now managed within the borough rather than the previous model which saw all inpatient, all community, all liaison and talking therapies teams managed across the three directorates based on functional similarities. This change ensures that the organisation’s structure better supports integration of care and aims to reduce fragmentation for individuals whose care pathways previously spanned multiple service lines. The new structure supports more joined-up working within boroughs and stronger relationships with partners (both internal and external to the organisation) in place-based systems within the local areas.”

    Source location

    2026-0061 - Response from West London NHS Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Bring Ealing Psychiatry Liaison and crisis teams under a single senior manager.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To fully support this roll-out, we have adjusted the management portfolios in Ealing and brought the Psychiatry Liaison and CAHTT teams together under a single new senior manager with previous experience of working within a trusted assessment framework. We have also recruited a new Clinical Lead who will work across the same portfolio to support the new service manager and implement all necessary changes and improvements supporting the medical staff. This interface and smooth transition remain a priority for the Clinical and Associate Directors within the borough.”

    Source location

    2026-0061 - Response from West London NHS Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Transform mental health services into community-based mental health centres bringing crisis services and short-stay beds together.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To help ensure that fewer people reach a point of crisis, the government is transforming mental health services into community-based mental health centres, building on existing pilots. These centres will bring together a range of community mental health services under one roof, including crisis services and short-stay beds, improving continuity of care. This reduces fragmentation in service delivery and patient experience, which contributes to longer waiting times and lower patient satisfaction.”

    Source location

    2026-0061 - Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 3 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    West London NHS Trust is handling the specific local issues arising from Kallum’s death and responding separately to the report.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In terms of the specific local issues that resulted in Kallum slipping between the gaps and not receiving the potentially life-saving care he needed, I understand that West London NHS Trust has undertaken a Patient Safety Incident Investigation to learn important lessons from this event, which I welcome. I believe that they are responding separately to your report.”

    Source location

    2026-0061 - Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 10 February 2026

    Open published response
  3. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Andrew John Hughes · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Andrew John Hughes was found deceased at his home after concerns about his wellbeing and unsuccessful attempts to contact him. The inquest concluded that he died by suicide, with the medical cause recorded as hanging. The principal concern was a lack of clarity about how people raising urgent mental-health concerns could be directed to mental-health services and what emergency response those services could provide.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unclear provision for mental health services to deal with emergency situations

    Wider context from the report

    “The inquest heard evidence that across Greater Manchester there is a system known as Right Care Right Person (RCRP). This is a system that has been adopted by Greater Manchester along with many other parts of England. The inquest was told that adoption of the system was overseen by the Office of the Deputy Mayor for Greater Manchester. The aim according to the evidence heard was to identify which agency was most appropriate to respond to concerns raised such as in the case of Mr Hughes. In this case Greater Manchester Police declined to attend and indicated it was a health matter and therefore a matter for the Ambulance Service. The evidence was that this was an incident that involved concerns around his mental health and the risks that his mental health presented to his wellbeing. It would, the inquest was told have been more appropriate for mental health services to have become involved rather than the ambulance service. It was however unclear from the evidence how that would have been facilitated. There was no clarity as to what arrangements existed for a concerned family to be signposted by GMP to mental health services or how mental health services could be contacted in such an emergency situation as presented in this case or what response could have been expected. This was because it was unclear what provision there was in Greater Manchester for Mental Health Services to deal with these emergency situations. ”

    Source location

    Andrew John Hughes · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue collaborative work with health partners to maintain and refine coordinated mental health response arrangements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Recognising the importance of effective partnership working, GMP continues to work closely with the Greater Manchester Integrated Care Board, North West Ambulance Service, and both Greater Manchester NHS Mental Health Trusts to ensure that the system is structured to deliver the right response from the right agency at the right time. These partnerships are well established and have been strengthened through recent developments. Notably:”

    Source location

    2026-0099 - Response from Greater Manchester Police
    Page 3 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate an agreed process for GMP call handlers to transfer or signpost people with mental-health welfare concerns to NHS 111 option 2.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is not known whether signposting to mental health services, on the day in question, would have been able to prevent Andrew’s death as this did not take place. However, I can confirm that we do have an agreed process, developed in partnership with Greater Manchester Police (GMP) for police call handlers to transfer and signpost people for whom there is a mental health concern for welfare. This is via NHS 111 option 2 which in GM is staffed by trained mental health professionals who provide triage and assessment over the phone for people experiencing mental health crisis. We have established a dedicated mental health team based in Northwest Ambulance Service (NWAS) Emergency Operations Centre that provides 24/7 support and tactical advice to ambulance and ambulance teams ‘at scene’. It is not clear from your report whether GMP contacted the team for tactical advice in this incident.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide 24/7 mental-health tactical advice to ambulance services through a dedicated team based in the NWAS Emergency Operations Centre.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is not known whether signposting to mental health services, on the day in question, would have been able to prevent Andrew’s death as this did not take place. However, I can confirm that we do have an agreed process, developed in partnership with Greater Manchester Police (GMP) for police call handlers to transfer and signpost people for whom there is a mental health concern for welfare. This is via NHS 111 option 2 which in GM is staffed by trained mental health professionals who provide triage and assessment over the phone for people experiencing mental health crisis. We have established a dedicated mental health team based in Northwest Ambulance Service (NWAS) Emergency Operations Centre that provides 24/7 support and tactical advice to ambulance and ambulance teams ‘at scene’. It is not clear from your report whether GMP contacted the team for tactical advice in this incident.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide commissioned mental-health crisis spaces in every Greater Manchester borough with drop-in access.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition to this, we have commissioned mental health crisis spaces in each borough in Greater Manchester that provide ‘drop-in’ access for people, and we are currently expanding our 24/7 crisis resolution and home-based treatment services across GM to better support people at home or in their place of residence when in crisis.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Expand 24/7 crisis resolution and home-based treatment services across Greater Manchester to support people in crisis at home or their place of residence.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition to this, we have commissioned mental health crisis spaces in each borough in Greater Manchester that provide ‘drop-in’ access for people, and we are currently expanding our 24/7 crisis resolution and home-based treatment services across GM to better support people at home or in their place of residence when in crisis.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue working with system partners, including emergency services, to improve urgent and emergency care across Greater Manchester.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We will ensure that the learning from this Prevention of Future Deaths report is shared through our existing system governance and across sectors and continue our work with our system partners, including the emergency services, to provide the best urgent and emergency care for the people of Greater Manchester.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The reported concern required urgent, not emergency, intervention and therefore did not meet the threshold for police attendance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, the concern raised in the matter you describe did not identify a requirement for an emergency mental health response. It indicated the need for an urgent, rather than emergency, intervention. This distinction is significant. Urgent mental health support falls below the threshold for police attendance and, within Greater Manchester as it is nationally, this is the responsibility of health-based resources and clinical partners. Callers will be supported to access those services directly.”

    Source location

    2026-0099 - Response from Greater Manchester Police
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Urgent mental health intervention is the responsibility of health-based resources and clinical partners, rather than policing.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, the concern raised in the matter you describe did not identify a requirement for an emergency mental health response. It indicated the need for an urgent, rather than emergency, intervention. This distinction is significant. Urgent mental health support falls below the threshold for police attendance and, within Greater Manchester as it is nationally, this is the responsibility of health-based resources and clinical partners. Callers will be supported to access those services directly.”

    Source location

    2026-0099 - Response from Greater Manchester Police
    Page 1 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Mental health services provide crisis, not emergency, responses; the concern incorrectly treats them as responsible for 999 emergencies.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In your report you state that ‘it was unclear what provision there was in Greater Manchester for mental health services to deal with these emergency situations’. It should be stressed that mental health services are commissioned by NHS GM to deliver a crisis mental health response, and not an emergency response, which is provided by 999 services. Based on the circumstances of the death, this report of concern required an emergency response and as mental health services were not contacted immediately prior to Andrew’s death, they could not have known about the immediate risk to life.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    999 services, rather than commissioned mental health services, are responsible for emergency responses requiring immediate intervention.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have reviewed the circumstances of the death included in your report and understand that immediately prior to Andrew’s death, mental health services were not contacted. It is our understanding from your report that 999 services were contacted as Andrew required an emergency response. Mental health services commissioning by NHS in Greater Manchester would not provide a 999-emergency response, nor would they have the means to contact someone who is not responding to phone calls or be able to force entry to a property when there is a concern for an individual’s safety.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Commissioned mental health services cannot provide 999 emergency responses, contact nonresponsive individuals, or force entry to protect someone at risk.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have reviewed the circumstances of the death included in your report and understand that immediately prior to Andrew’s death, mental health services were not contacted. It is our understanding from your report that 999 services were contacted as Andrew required an emergency response. Mental health services commissioning by NHS in Greater Manchester would not provide a 999-emergency response, nor would they have the means to contact someone who is not responding to phone calls or be able to force entry to a property when there is a concern for an individual’s safety.”

    Source location

    Response from Greater Manchester Integrated Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 23 February 2026

    Open published response
  4. West Sussex, Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Patricia Genders · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Patricia Genders died on 22 February 2024 after absconding from the Enhanced Observation Unit at the Royal Sussex County Hospital while detained under the Mental Health Act. She was found on the coastal side of a safety fence, taken to A&E, and pronounced dead shortly afterwards. The concerns included the use of A&E for people in mental health crisis, the absence of an agreed home-care package, the decision not to transport Patricia to a more therapeutic setting, and shortcomings in hospital security, communication and responses to absconding.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to answer a sufficient proportion of 111 and Blue Light Line calls

    Wider context from the report

    “My concern is that despite significant ongoing efforts by the various partner agencies (particularly the hospital trust (University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust (“UHS”)), the trust making most of the mental health provision in this area (Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (“SPFT”)), the local authorities (West Sussex and Brighton and Hove) and the police, there is still far too much use of A&E space for those in mental health crisis, pending finding a dedicated mental health placement. My concern is that without specific investment (particularised below), from the commissioner of services, too many people will continue to be held in A&E for too long. This case shows, in quite dramatic form, some of the consequences of the use of A&E. See again the jury's conclusions, but a noisy and busy department, lit 24 hours, with limited space, may well make someone worse, and probably did here. Moreover, A&E departments cannot be made fully secure. People are coming and going; doors cannot always be monitored; and it is harder to restrain someone in a relatively public space and with fewer mental health practitioners around. Tricia was able, quite easily, to abscond. The detail of what happened next, and its impact on all, will be obvious. That impact was not just on the family but most obviously also the nurse who tried to stall her, and the member of the public and the police and fireman at the cliffs. All of these people are victims of a system which cannot do what is being asked of it. Significant steps have been made to try to improve, again, the partnership working between the relevant trusts and the police, and in trying to improve the security of the hospital. It is now not possible to hold someone under s.3 at the hospital (although that produces a new set of onwards risks. It arguably focuses minds on the need to move someone on faster, but also creates a risk that someone will simply be left with no basis for detention at all). All this, however, is just patching a fundamentally unsatisfactory situation. I took a lot of evidence about the remaining risks and the need for action. It is clear that joint working between health and social care is required (which is why I am sending this report to the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care as well as to NHS England). It is also clear that there is a limit to what the local trusts and other agencies can do on their own. The problem may be particularly pronounced in Brighton where the numbers of mentally ill people are well above the national average, but I am told it is of wider concern. The evidence I heard is that three things are required of those responsible for commissioning these services: 1.       Strengthening the 111 and Blue Light Line services so that calls are answered and people are diverted to better places where such places are available. At the moment, I was told, only about half of those calls are answered. That requires recruitment, which requires investment. 2.       An improved 24/7 crisis response, to deal with those who present at A&E out of hours. Solving that requires the establishment of teams who can formally gatekeep inpatient admissions. 3.       For a while, there will need to be an increase in the number of mental health beds available in the independent sector. This would be to provide beds and alleviate flow pressures whilst longer term, systemic change, embeds. Absent something along these lines, it seems to me there is a real risk that the events seen in this case will recur. ”

    Source location

    Patricia Genders · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inadequate 24/7 crisis response and formal gatekeeping of inpatient admissions

    Wider context from the report

    “My concern is that despite significant ongoing efforts by the various partner agencies (particularly the hospital trust (University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust (“UHS”)), the trust making most of the mental health provision in this area (Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (“SPFT”)), the local authorities (West Sussex and Brighton and Hove) and the police, there is still far too much use of A&E space for those in mental health crisis, pending finding a dedicated mental health placement. My concern is that without specific investment (particularised below), from the commissioner of services, too many people will continue to be held in A&E for too long. This case shows, in quite dramatic form, some of the consequences of the use of A&E. See again the jury's conclusions, but a noisy and busy department, lit 24 hours, with limited space, may well make someone worse, and probably did here. Moreover, A&E departments cannot be made fully secure. People are coming and going; doors cannot always be monitored; and it is harder to restrain someone in a relatively public space and with fewer mental health practitioners around. Tricia was able, quite easily, to abscond. The detail of what happened next, and its impact on all, will be obvious. That impact was not just on the family but most obviously also the nurse who tried to stall her, and the member of the public and the police and fireman at the cliffs. All of these people are victims of a system which cannot do what is being asked of it. Significant steps have been made to try to improve, again, the partnership working between the relevant trusts and the police, and in trying to improve the security of the hospital. It is now not possible to hold someone under s.3 at the hospital (although that produces a new set of onwards risks. It arguably focuses minds on the need to move someone on faster, but also creates a risk that someone will simply be left with no basis for detention at all). All this, however, is just patching a fundamentally unsatisfactory situation. I took a lot of evidence about the remaining risks and the need for action. It is clear that joint working between health and social care is required (which is why I am sending this report to the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care as well as to NHS England). It is also clear that there is a limit to what the local trusts and other agencies can do on their own. The problem may be particularly pronounced in Brighton where the numbers of mentally ill people are well above the national average, but I am told it is of wider concern. The evidence I heard is that three things are required of those responsible for commissioning these services: 1.       Strengthening the 111 and Blue Light Line services so that calls are answered and people are diverted to better places where such places are available. At the moment, I was told, only about half of those calls are answered. That requires recruitment, which requires investment. 2.       An improved 24/7 crisis response, to deal with those who present at A&E out of hours. Solving that requires the establishment of teams who can formally gatekeep inpatient admissions. 3.       For a while, there will need to be an increase in the number of mental health beds available in the independent sector. This would be to provide beds and alleviate flow pressures whilst longer term, systemic change, embeds. Absent something along these lines, it seems to me there is a real risk that the events seen in this case will recur. ”

    Source location

    Patricia Genders · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Invest in local urgent and emergency mental health infrastructure, including crisis cafes, crisis houses, places of safety, emergency departments and crisis lines.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There has also been investment into a range of wider local mental health urgent and emergency care infrastructure schemes, including:”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review local system plans for suitable 111-service investment and provide feedback on required improvements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Alongside this, local system plans will be reviewed by NHS England’s regional leads to determine whether there is suitable investment in 111 services, where capacity constraints exist. This review will run from December 2025 – March 2026. Regional leads will provide feedback to organisations on the plans and discuss areas of improvement required within the plans.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Monitor delivery of Sussex mental health-crisis improvement plans through joint ICB and provider oversight meetings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (SPFT) and Sussex ICB have set out a series of actions to deliver improvements in the care provided to people in mental health crisis. NHS England is monitoring the delivery of these plans through joint ICB and provider oversight meetings. These plans do include reference to increased capacity in 'blue light' and 111 services, alongside the delivery of 24/7 crisis response services. Should the Coroner require further information regarding this, SPFT and Sussex ICB would be best placed to provide this.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 3 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce a mental health crisis option through NHS 111.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In relation to strengthening the 111 and Blue Light Line services, I understand you were informed that only about half of the calls are answered. We are working hard to ensure those experiencing mental health crisis receive swift care in the most appropriate setting and we have made substantial progress, including introducing the mental health option via NHS 111 and expanding 24/7 liaison mental health teams to all general acute hospitals.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Expand 24/7 liaison mental health teams to all general acute hospitals.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In relation to strengthening the 111 and Blue Light Line services, I understand you were informed that only about half of the calls are answered. We are working hard to ensure those experiencing mental health crisis receive swift care in the most appropriate setting and we have made substantial progress, including introducing the mental health option via NHS 111 and expanding 24/7 liaison mental health teams to all general acute hospitals.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deploy mental health professionals in 999 emergency operation centres and clinical assessment services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The introduction of a ‘mental health’ option when calling NHS 111 provides a crisis mental health triage service for individuals who require urgent mental health support. To supplement the NHS 111 mental health crisis triage service, we are also deploying mental health professionals in 999 call emergency operation centres and clinical assessment services to ensure people experiencing a mental health crisis are directed towards appropriate services. We continue to increase mental health expertise for ambulance”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Transform neighbourhood mental health services to shift crisis care from hospitals to communities.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Your second recommendation highlighted the need for improved 24/7 crisis response, to deal with those who present at A&E out of hours. Our 10 Year Health Plan sets out ambitious plans to create up to 85 mental health emergency departments as alternatives to A&E for people in crisis and transform neighbourhood mental health services to shift the focus from hospital to community.”

    Source location

    Response from Department for Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Roll out dedicated 24/7 neighbourhood mental health centres through the pilot and subsequent implementation support programme.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England is rolling out dedicated 24/7 neighbourhood mental health centres to better support the community, opening more specialist Mental Health Emergency Departments alongside general Emergency Departments and having a 24/7 psychiatric liaison team available. A pilot programme for these centres started in October 2025 which will run until July 2026. This will be followed by an Implementation Support Programme which will roll out to sites from March 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Open more specialist Mental Health Emergency Departments alongside general Emergency Departments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England is rolling out dedicated 24/7 neighbourhood mental health centres to better support the community, opening more specialist Mental Health Emergency Departments alongside general Emergency Departments and having a 24/7 psychiatric liaison team available. A pilot programme for these centres started in October 2025 which will run until July 2026. This will be followed by an Implementation Support Programme which will roll out to sites from March 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide 24/7 psychiatric liaison teams alongside Emergency Departments.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England is rolling out dedicated 24/7 neighbourhood mental health centres to better support the community, opening more specialist Mental Health Emergency Departments alongside general Emergency Departments and having a 24/7 psychiatric liaison team available. A pilot programme for these centres started in October 2025 which will run until July 2026. This will be followed by an Implementation Support Programme which will roll out to sites from March 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 October 2025

    Open published response
  5. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Haydar Jefferies · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Haydar Jefferies was detained at HMP Coldingley and developed severe depression and psychosis before self-ligaturing in his cell on 1 March 2023; he was resuscitated but died at hospital on 5 March 2023 from hypoxic brain injury and pneumonia. The principal concerns included failures to record and share risk-relevant information, refer him promptly to mental health services, provide an adequate mental health assessment and obtain appropriate clinical care and supervision during his acute deterioration.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of clinical mental health provision outside weekday office hours

    Wider context from the report

    “6. Outside of weekday office hours there is no clinical mental health provision. Overnight staffing levels are such that it is difficult for prisoners in mental health crisis to be taken to hospital. As a result: a.) custodial staff take decisions about how to keep prisoners safe overnight without the necessary clinical knowledge to assess the risks presented by their mental health conditions. b.) it is not possible for medication to be obtained to alleviate any acute mental health symptoms between 6.30 pm and 7am the following morning. ”

    Source location

    Haydar Jefferies · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 5 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement re-commissioned prison healthcare services, including seven-day mental health provision, on-site attendance and out-of-hours urgent referral protocols.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I would also like to inform you that since Haydar’s tragic death, the healthcare at HMP Coldingley, including mental health services, has been re-commissioned.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 27 December 2024

    Open published response
  6. East Riding and Hull

    AI-generated summary

    Elizabeth Anne WATSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Elizabeth Anne Watson attended the Humber Bridge on 5 December 2022 and jumped from it, landing on Cliff Road; she was declared dead at the scene. The concerns included a lack of structured training, including input from trained mental-health professionals, for bridge security staff identifying and responding to people in mental-health distress, as well as delays in emergency and mental-health support responses.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in emergency and mental health support responses

    Wider context from the report

    “While the “Right Care/Right Person” process appears to ensure that the correct emergency service should respond if called, delays in response means often staff are left dealing with a vulnerable person for many hours due to unavailability of emergency services or mental health support. ”

    Source location

    Elizabeth Anne WATSON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. Gwent

    AI-generated summary

    Kaye McCoy · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kaye McCoy, who had depression, anxiety and Unstable Affective Disorder, died by hanging on 11 September 2022 after a severe downturn in her mental health. The report identified concerns about inadequate family involvement in her care and the lack of weekend or out-of-hours crisis support for Older Adults.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of 24-hour crisis support

    Wider context from the report

    “At the inquest I was referred to the National Confidential Enquiry into Suicides. I was informed that the Enquiry identified key factors that should be adopted by Health Organisations to reduce the incidence of suicides, including: • That there should be a strategy for engagement with the family. • That every patient should have access to 24-hour Crisis Support Neither of these key components of care were available to Kaye. Whilst I was informed that there were steps being taken to address these I was not persuaded that these guidelines had been fully inculcated into policy and practice at Aneurin Bevan University Health Board. ”

    Source location

    Kaye McCoy · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Extend Community Mental Health Team operating hours into evenings and weekends through a six-month pilot funded with additional clinical staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Additionally, the Older Adult Mental Health service has completed a 6-month pilot extending the hours of the Community Mental Health Team in Caerphilly, to include evenings and weekends. The pilot funded extra clinical staff to support this function and Caerphilly was chosen as the pilot area as the highest populated borough within Gwent to establish need and demand. One of the terms of reference of the Health Board’s incident review into Mrs McCoy’s death was whether her needs would have met the criteria for inclusion in this pilot. The Investigating Officer found that she would have been offered this service if she lived in Caerphilly at that time.”

    Source location

    Response from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Consider the completed pilot’s findings and recommendations for future crisis-service provision.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Additionally, the Older Adult Mental Health service has completed a 6-month pilot extending the hours of the Community Mental Health Team in Caerphilly, to include evenings and weekends. The pilot funded extra clinical staff to support this function and Caerphilly was chosen as the pilot area as the highest populated borough within Gwent to establish need and demand. One of the terms of reference of the Health Board’s incident review into Mrs McCoy’s death was whether her needs would have met the criteria for inclusion in this pilot. The Investigating Officer found that she would have been offered this service if she lived in Caerphilly at that time.”

    Source location

    Response from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Extend the Shared Lives crisis-support project to include older people.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “d. The ‘Shared Lives’ project, previously available to younger adults, has recently been extended to include older people in crisis. The schemes match someone who needs care with an approved carer. The carer shares their family and community life, and gives care and support to the person with care needs. (This service was not available at the time that Mrs McCoy was experiencing crisis.)”

    Source location

    Response from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Make Tŷ Cynnаl crisis-sanctuary support available to older people known to the mental health service.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “e. Tŷ Cynnаl is a house provided in partnership with ‘Platform’, a third sector organisation that supports people with mental health issues when housing. The house is available to support people experiencing mental health crisis who do not require medical/hospital support but require a safe sanctuary for support to manage their distress. People are referred to Tŷ Cynnаl by the mental health service. This option has only recently become available to older people experiencing crisis who are already known to the mental health service.”

    Source location

    Response from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Explore alternative crisis-service models, review other Welsh Health Boards’ provision, and develop associated standards for ongoing audit.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition to the pathways described above, the Health Board is exploring other alternatives including understanding the offers of other Health Boards in Wales from a future review of crisis provision for this group, with associated standards for ongoing audit. In the interim, the Health Board will continue to audit use of the current pathway by the older adult population to continue to inform service development.”

    Source location

    Response from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue auditing older adults’ use of current crisis pathways to inform service development.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition to the pathways described above, the Health Board is exploring other alternatives including understanding the offers of other Health Boards in Wales from a future review of crisis provision for this group, with associated standards for ongoing audit. In the interim, the Health Board will continue to audit use of the current pathway by the older adult population to continue to inform service development.”

    Source location

    Response from Aneurin Bevan University Health Board
    Page 3 · response
    Published 7 July 2023

    Open published response
  8. Liverpool and the Wirral

    AI-generated summary

    Philip John BATTLE · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Philip John Battle died by suicide on 8 July 2022 after contacting the ambulance service about an overdose and an attempted hanging. The report raised concerns that the ambulance triage process focused on physical health rather than immediate mental-health and self-harm risks, and that no attempt was made to contact someone who could check on his safety. It also identified limited coordination and shared mental-health crisis resources between ambulance, police and health services.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Unavailability of commissioned mental-health crisis intervention resources

    Wider context from the report

    “Evidence has been received that Philip Battle self-referred to the ambulance service stating he had taken an overdose and that he had tried to hang himself. The then triage system (medical priority dispatch) concentrated on questions relating to physical health such as his physiological function rather than assessing the actual presenting risks from poor mental health including self-inflicted fatal harm. Mr Battle lived in warden monitored sheltered accommodation and no inquiry was made about whether someone could be telephoned to check on his safety. Even if Mr Battle had not been in sheltered accommodation, it was unclear as to why there was no triage question about a phone number for a friend or relative. Evidence was given that NWAS work with Lancashire police and the health service in Blackpool with the Synergy project sharing the resources of a triage mental health car. These arrangements and relationships do not exist in Liverpool. The Court was concerned about silo - public health working between Blue light services - given the limited mental health intervention resource for NWAS was not on duty on the morning of 8th July and there was no call to Merseyside Police to see if its Mental Health triage car was available to intervene. Evidence was heard that these services need commissioning and there was no arrangement between Merseyside Police and the NWAS to share mental health intervention resources. This issue appears to become more important when the court heard of the plans for three mental health ambulances to be available in Merseyside and Cheshire in the near future. The Court would like the ambulance service, Police and health providers to work together with the public funds at their respective disposal to develop in concert and to share community mental health crisis intervention resources for the good of the public. ”

    Source location

    Philip John BATTLE · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Mental health response vehicles are health-led, with their scope and operating model agreed through a regional steering group involving ICBs and mental health trusts.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The NHS Long Term plan is clear in its recommendation that the response to mental health problems (including response vehicles) is to be health led as they are health related issues. In the financial year ending 2022/23, NHSE released an amount of capital funding for which ambulance trusts, in partnership with their regional Integrated Care Board (“ICB”) and local mental health trusts, have tendered in order to purchase the mental health response vehicles. The staffing for such response vehicles is separately funded through the Mental Health Investment Standards, which is attached to the NHS Long Term Plan.”

    Source location

    Response from North West Ambulance Service
    Page 2 · response
    Published 28 November 2022

    Open published response
  9. North Yorkshire and York including North Yorkshire Western District

    AI-generated summary

    Zoe Emma ZAREMBA · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Zoe Emma ZAREMBA, who had a history of repeated self-harm and suicide attempts, ingested an unknown quantity of a substance after going missing from home and was found unresponsive on 21 June 2020; her death was established as resulting from the ingestion. The report identified concerns about clinicians’ failure to understand and adapt care to her autism, the unsubstantiated attribution of Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder, inadequate coordinated mental health support, and the absence of effective care planning and risk assessment.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Gap in acute and crisis mental health support alongside commissioned autism care

    Wider context from the report

    “The evidence indicated: 1 Zoe was diagnosed at age 16 years as being autistic by CAMHS with a designation of Asperger’s Syndrome. Her medical records recorded that. 2 In or about 2016 she was wrongly attributed by the Mental Health Service, TEWV, clinicians - who knew of her autism -as undergoing Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (“EUPD”). 3 That attribution was not formally diagnosed, and not discussed with Zoe who found out by chance when looking at her records. She continued to be regarded and treated as if she was experiencing that condition and clinicians would not adapt to her distress caused by that attribution. There was inertia and excessive delay (to May 2020) in removing reference to EUPD which had been discounted in October 2018 all of which added to her distress. These actions and inactions destroyed her relationship with community mental health clinicians and she did not trust them enough to try to restore any effective care relationship. 4 She suffered repeated trauma derived from her autistic condition revisiting the causes of her distress which she re-experienced time and again with ‘film reel’ recollection. That trauma was again not understood. 5 In short, her autism (and thus risk assessment) was misunderstood by the clinicians tasked to keep her safe. 6 TEWV’s provision for cares of autistic conditions were underdeveloped, reflecting national want of provision, to include:- A no multidisciplinary clinical assessment and formulation addressed her autism; B no reasonable adjustments were then made in terms of her sensory and environmental needs in any timely fashion, or at all; C no person centred (thus autism centred) holistic plan was developed to work in partnership with Zoe that took account of her autism, and her gender. As the evidence revealed one “cannot uncouple autism and other psychological/psychiatric experiences”. Instead, she withdrew from engagement with TEWV community health clinicians. D there was no local provision within TEWV for specialist autism assessment and adapted psychological therapy. Commissioned providers of these essential cares were outwith TEWV, requiring specific Funding Request (which was granted) for a course of assessment and therapy. Those providers did not offer statutory acute mental health services support, including out of hours/crisis support. TEWV did not provide what the commissioning providers were supplying. There was a want of effective communications between these ‘teams’ not least as patient data was not accessible by one to the others electronic records (patient consent permitting) and the fact of disengagement. There was a sense of ‘silo’ working, militating against partnership working, that encouraged unfavourably the undesirable “uncoupling” of experiences; E statistical evidence indicated that autistic individuals are more at risk of suicide than those with no neurodevelopmental condition, and females at greater risk than their male counterparts; F there was a clinical (but not measured) experience that more patients were presenting to the statutory service with autistic conditions and, it follows, more patients would be at risk of suicide; G from 2016 to her death, Zoe was detained under ss 2/3 MHA 1983 17 times and presented to A and E around 37 times with evident self harm and apparent attempts on her life. She repeated high risk behaviours. She had no Care Co-ordinator nor effective Care Plan (which ought to have been in place) because she had not engaged with TEWV community services; H Zoe lurched from crisis to crisis remaining at high risk to her own safety; she died because she could no longer cope with the sense of injustice caused by others that overwhelmed her thinking. She felt she was not being listened to by community mental health services. Her therapy from outside providers - which was proving helpful to her - was disrupted by COVID-19 limitations on face to face consultations; Both locally, including regional, but also nationally the evidence revealed a number of serious issues that require urgent and immediate action to support autistic people well, not just from a sensory and environmental basis (which TEWV have started to improve albeit from a low baseline according to the evidence received). Urgent solutions are required to prevent future deaths of autistic patients especially with mental health needs. ”

    Source location

    Zoe Emma ZAREMBA · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Invest £40 million to improve seven-day specialist multidisciplinary and crisis support capacity for autistic people and people with learning disabilities.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “You raised the importance of community provision. In 2022/2023, we are investing £70 million to prevent avoidable admissions and improve community support for autistic people and people with a learning disability. This includes £40 million to improve the capacity and capability of 7-day specialist multidisciplinary and crisis support for autistic people and people with a learning disability in every area of the country. Additionally, £30 million has been committed for keyworker services for autistic children and young people and children and young people with a learning disability with the most complex needs at risk of being admitted to mental health settings or who are inpatients.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 27 April 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    TEWV is responsible for delivering core mental health care and making reasonable adjustments for patients with autism.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “This is therapy which is beyond that which TEWV can provide as the primary mental health provider. That does not change the expectation that TEWV be in a position to make appropriate adjustments to their mental health support for those with any neuro development diagnosis. By this we mean that we would expect TEWV to be in a position to support those with a mental health condition even where they have a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder however it is recognised by the CCG/ICB that there may be cases where there is additional specialist input required. This is when IFR requests are made. The CCG/ICB accepts that this is becoming more frequent and the reasons for this are not clear but are sufficient for the CCG/ICB to be considering the commissioning pathway for this type of therapy.”

    Source location

    Response from Humber and North Yorkshire Health Care Partnership
    Page 2 · response
    Published 27 April 2022

    Open published response
  10. Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Elena WELLS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Elena Wells, who had a history of mental health issues, died after placing a ligature around her neck while alone at home awaiting an urgent mental health admission. The report identified unclear responsibility and communication between the Local Authority and Mental Health Trust, and insufficient out-of-hours support and supervision while she waited for a bed.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide routine out-of-hours review and support for patients awaiting urgent admission

    Wider context from the report

    “2. In this case a clinical decision was made to leave Miss Wells at home until a bed was found with Miss Wells, who was already ill enough to need urgent admission, having to inform the services if she declined further. No provision was made for Miss Wells to be reviewed out of hours, overnight and into the early morning by, for example, the Crisis Team, and no advice offered on the existence of a place of safety at the local Mental Health Hospital. Evidence showed that professionals can contact the Crisis Team in these circumstances but that is not done as a routine and patients appear to be left to make important decisions for themselves in circumstances where their declining mental health may prohibit them from doing so. It is requested that the Trust consider ways of providing extra support and supervision to those patients who are waiting for an urgent admission, particularly those who may be left alone at home for any period until a bed is found. ”

    Source location

    Elena WELLS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Finalise the Trust-wide CRHT operational policy, including referral pathways and defined responsibilities for services supporting patients awaiting admission.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In response, the Trust is in the process of developing a new Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team (CRHT) Operational Policy. An interim policy was presented to the Operational Management Board in December 2020 and it was agreed the CRHT teams would work to this whilst the policy is further developed by the newly appointed Trust wide Urgent Care Pathway Lead.”

    Source location

    2020-0248-Responses-from-Sussex-Partnership-Foundation-NHS-Trust-and-Brighton-Hove-City-Council-Redacted..pdf
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 December 2020

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Run a daily Urgent Demand Oversight meeting to review admission demand, available resources and support packages for patients awaiting hospital care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Locally, the Care Delivery Services [CDS] in Brighton has established an Urgent Demand Oversight meeting that enables the CDS Leads to have daily oversight of our patients requiring admission to hospital. This meeting is informed by the various Operational meetings that take place daily in our Community, Urgent and Acute Care Services and is described in the enclosed Terms of Reference (appendix 1).”

    Source location

    2020-0248-Responses-from-Sussex-Partnership-Foundation-NHS-Trust-and-Brighton-Hove-City-Council-Redacted..pdf
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 December 2020

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026