Recurring concern

Inadequate recognition controls for atypical aortic emergencies

Pin Get email alerts Request correction

First reported 24 Nov 2014•Latest report 14 Oct 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of training, clinical guidance, learning dissemination or other controls specifically intended to support recognition of atypical aortic aneurysm or dissection presentations.

Not included

  • Excludes failures concerning generic organisational learning or policy dissemination that are not tied to atypical aortic emergencies.
  • Excludes referral, treatment or pathway deficiencies unless they specifically concern recognition of an atypical aortic emergency.
  • Excludes unrelated clinical recognition or training deficiencies involving other hazards.
Reports
6

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
9

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
7

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

NHS England2
Royal College of Emergency Medicine2
Association of Ambulance Chief Executives1
Barts Health NHS Trust1
Isle of Wight Ambulance Service1
Isle of Wight NHS Trust1
North East London NHS Foundation Trust1
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust1
Royal College of Radiologists1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    David Charles Noel Jones · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    David Charles Noel Jones attended hospital after dizziness and was found to have low blood pressure and a low pulse rate. After developing chest pain and sweatiness while mobilising, he was discharged the following day and died later that day from the effects of an aortic dissection. Concerns included the failure to escalate his changing clinical condition to a senior doctor and possible gaps in learning, training and review processes relating to atypical aortic dissections.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to disseminate learning about atypical aortic dissections to relevant clinicians

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Whilst reviews were carried out through the Morbidity and Mortality process for two of the departments involved in Mr Jones’ care, one has not been carried out by the Emergency Department, despite concerns raised at inquest by the witness from that team. I am concerned that potential learning, which may make a difference to future patients presenting with atypical aortic dissections, has not been identified or passed on to clinicians within the emergency department and any other relevant departments. ”

    Source location

    David Charles Noel Jones · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to identify learning from atypical aortic dissection cases

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Whilst reviews were carried out through the Morbidity and Mortality process for two of the departments involved in Mr Jones’ care, one has not been carried out by the Emergency Department, despite concerns raised at inquest by the witness from that team. I am concerned that potential learning, which may make a difference to future patients presenting with atypical aortic dissections, has not been identified or passed on to clinicians within the emergency department and any other relevant departments. ”

    Source location

    David Charles Noel Jones · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Potential ineffectiveness of training on atypical aortic dissections

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Despite Mr Jones’ clinical picture changing whilst in the emergency department, the middle grade doctor reviewing Mr Jones did not alert a senior doctor of the change. I am concerned that training in relation to atypical aortic dissections brought to my attention in evidence at this and a previous inquest, and to my coroner colleague’s attention in inquests they conducted, may not have been ineffective. I am concerned about recurrence for other patients who present atypically, and that the patients who experience similar significant developments whilst in hospital may remain unreviewed by those with the appropriate skill and seniority, and a risk of death from undiagnosed aortic dissections may follow. ”

    Source location

    David Charles Noel Jones · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Collaborate with the East Midlands Aortic Network to incorporate regional best practice and learning into Acute Aortic Dissection diagnosis improvement.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Acute Aortic Dissection Diagnosis improvement work is in liaison with colleagues from across the East Midlands Aortic Network to ensure inclusion of best practice and learning from other regional centres across the network and National Programmes.”

    Source location

    Response from Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 October 2025

    Open published response
  2. Avon

    AI-generated summary

    David Gifford · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    David Gifford died at Southmead Hospital on 26 November 2024 after an acute ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with a fractured stent and endoleak. In the weeks before his death, he had multiple GP visits and made two 999 calls about pain before being conveyed to hospital. The report raised concerns that ambulance training and guidance may not sufficiently address subtle or non-classic signs of vascular emergencies, particularly in people with an extensive aortic history.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of JRCALC guidelines to provide guidance on atypical vascular emergency presentations

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Training and knowledge focuses on the classic signs and symptoms associated with an AAA. However, there are a group of patients who will not present in this way, and who may be challenging to diagnose. Whilst there may be many medical conditions that could be similar, there does not seem to be much focus given to the identification of vascular emergencies within training and knowledge updates. Therefore when paramedics attend emergencies, in the absence of classic symptoms, they may be wrongly reassured. Where a person has an extensive aortic history, the importance of aortic pathology should be considered. (2) There has not been training or medical education for ambulance on vascular emergencies for a long time. The evidence was that JRCALC guidelines did recently highlight the number of patients that may not present with the traditional ‘red flags’ but did not provide further guidance. This is a national issue where ambulance staff should be knowledgeable about the more subtle signs of vascular emergencies that may be missed. ”

    Source location

    David Gifford · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of ambulance training and knowledge on subtle signs of vascular emergencies

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Training and knowledge focuses on the classic signs and symptoms associated with an AAA. However, there are a group of patients who will not present in this way, and who may be challenging to diagnose. Whilst there may be many medical conditions that could be similar, there does not seem to be much focus given to the identification of vascular emergencies within training and knowledge updates. Therefore when paramedics attend emergencies, in the absence of classic symptoms, they may be wrongly reassured. Where a person has an extensive aortic history, the importance of aortic pathology should be considered. (2) There has not been training or medical education for ambulance on vascular emergencies for a long time. The evidence was that JRCALC guidelines did recently highlight the number of patients that may not present with the traditional ‘red flags’ but did not provide further guidance. This is a national issue where ambulance staff should be knowledgeable about the more subtle signs of vascular emergencies that may be missed. ”

    Source location

    David Gifford · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review abdominal pain and vascular emergency guidelines, considering terminology on atypical aortic presentations, the aortic dissection risk score and endoleaks after repair.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We discussed your matters of concerns at our JRCALC meeting on the 22 July 2025. JRCALC consists of expert medical advisors including those with vascular and surgical knowledge. The committee made the decision to undertake a review of the existing abdominal pain and vascular emergencies guidelines. We will look to include additional terminology for clinicians to ensure that they take account of the potential for patients with extensive aortic history not to present with traditional red flag symptoms and to carefully consider whether they should be transported to hospital. We will also advocate the use of the Aortic Dissection Detection risk score during their clinical assessment to aid decision-making around conveyance. Finally, we will also include reference to the potential for ‘Endoleaks’ following an aortic repair.”

    Source location

    Response from Association of Ambulance Chief Executives
    Page 2 · response
    Published 15 July 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Training and education of ambulance staff are outside the respondent’s responsibility.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “AACE are not responsible for the training or education of ambulance staff, however we plan to share and discuss this preventing future death report with ambulance service medical directors (NASMeD) at our next national meeting. We will”

    Source location

    Response from Association of Ambulance Chief Executives
    Page 1 · response
    Published 15 July 2025

    Open published response
  3. Cheshire

    AI-generated summary

    Thomas Geoffrey WAKEFIELD · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Thomas Wakefield, aged 79, was admitted to hospital on 22 September 2023 after severe stomach pain and sudden collapse at home, and was found deceased in bed the following day. The report identifies concern that abdominal aortic aneurysm and acute pancreatitis can present similarly and may be misidentified, and that guidance did not specifically require exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm when pancreatitis was suspected.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of diagnostic guidance to require consideration and exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm when diagnosing acute pancreatitis

    Wider context from the report

    “During a review of the NICE guidelines entitled “Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: diagnosis and management”, and the international guidance, it became apparent that there is a lack of caution within the guidance about the recognised risk that abdominal aortic aneurysm and acute pancreatitis are known to be diagnosed misidentified by clinicians. These conditions can have similar presenting features. Whilst the guidance states that if there is uncertainty about a diagnosis of pancreatitis as not all criteria are met, imaging tests should be undertaken, this does not specifically require the exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysm which is fatal if untreated. The clinical presentation alongside amylase results in this case met the criteria for a diagnosis of pancreatitis. ”

    Source location

    Thomas Geoffrey WAKEFIELD · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review pancreatitis guideline section 1.2 and consider revising wording about raised lipase or amylase levels and alternative conditions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are therefore going to take the following action:”

    Source location

    Response from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 April 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review the coroner’s concerns about clinical guidance for abdominal aortic aneurysm and acute pancreatitis.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Your Report raises the concern that existing clinical guidance does not provide the adequate caution about the recognised risk or diagnoses for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and acute pancreatitis.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 29 April 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Amend the pancreatitis guideline to clarify that raised lipase or amylase levels support diagnosis but may occur in other conditions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Further to your regulation 28 report dated 2 May 2024 regarding the very sad death of Thomas Geoffrey Wakefield, I am writing to update on progress taken since our response dated 25 June 2024. In this we committed to amend our guideline for pancreatitis (NG104) from “Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is confirmed by testing blood lipase or amylase levels, which are usually raised” to ‘A diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is supported by testing blood lipase or amylase levels, which are usually raised, although raised blood lipase or amylase levels may occur in other conditions’.”

    Source location

    2025 Response from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    Page 1 · response
    Published 29 April 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Guidelines cannot cover all differential diagnoses because each guideline has a defined scope relating to specific medical conditions.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is important to add that NICE guidelines cannot cover all clinical circumstances, and each guideline has a clearly set out and agreed scope. Our guidelines relate to specific medical conditions, and therefore cannot cover all possible differential diagnoses. Responsibility for decisions on the most appropriate treatment stays with individual clinicians, whose role it is to use their professional experience and training to make the correct decision on treatment for each of their patients. NICE guidelines are a practical tool to be used in conjunction with and not as a substitute for clinical judgement.”

    Source location

    Response from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 April 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Individual clinicians are responsible for treatment decisions, using professional experience, training and clinical judgement alongside NICE guidelines.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is important to add that NICE guidelines cannot cover all clinical circumstances, and each guideline has a clearly set out and agreed scope. Our guidelines relate to specific medical conditions, and therefore cannot cover all possible differential diagnoses. Responsibility for decisions on the most appropriate treatment stays with individual clinicians, whose role it is to use their professional experience and training to make the correct decision on treatment for each of their patients. NICE guidelines are a practical tool to be used in conjunction with and not as a substitute for clinical judgement.”

    Source location

    Response from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 April 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Responsibility for relevant clinical guidelines falls outside NHS England’s remit and authority.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The responsibility for the relevant clinical guidelines does not fall within the remit of NHS England, who are independent of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the Royal Colleges. NHS England would therefore suggest that the coroner refer their concerns to the responsible organisations.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 29 April 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Concerns about relevant clinical guidelines should be referred to the organisations responsible for producing them.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The responsibility for the relevant clinical guidelines does not fall within the remit of NHS England, who are independent of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the Royal Colleges. NHS England would therefore suggest that the coroner refer their concerns to the responsible organisations.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 29 April 2024

    Open published response
  4. Cambridgeshire and Peterborough

    AI-generated summary

    Chantelle Reed · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Chantelle Reed, who was 33 and had no significant medical history, attended hospital with back, neck and chest symptoms before returning with worsening breathlessness, chest pain, vomiting and fever. She was managed for suspected pulmonary embolism but died after becoming unconscious in the emergency department; the inquest recorded an undiagnosed Type A aortic dissection. Concerns included limited recognition of aortic dissection symptoms in emergency guidance and delays in radiological review that can leave abnormal findings unidentified until after death.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of guidance raising the profile of acute aortic dissection when chest pain radiates to the throat, neck or jaw

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The evidence of the independent expert in Emergency Medicine, was that “the feature of central chest pain that radiates to the throat and jaw stands out as important and deserving attention in guidance to raise the profile of acute aortic dissection. Emergency physicians know that chest pain radiating to the neck and jaw may indicate acute coronary syndrome, but rarely appreciate this also raises the prospect of acute aortic pain. The latter is known amongst cardiologists and cardiac surgeons but it not widely known in acute medicine. I consider there is scope for those responsible for compiling guidelines to consider including this symptom to raise the profile of possible aortic dissection further”. The expert felt that this would assist in cases such as Chantelle’s where the presentation did not have many of the usual ‘red flag’ symptoms. ”

    Source location

    Chantelle Reed · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Include acute aortic dissection in the GIRFT chest-pain pathway for acute settings.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England’s Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) Programme also includes the possibility of aortic dissection in its chest pain pathway for acute settings: Chest-Pain-Pathway-FINAL-v2-July-2023.pdf (gettingitrightfirsttime.co.uk). GIRFT is a national programme designed to improve the treatment and care of patients through in-depth review of services, benchmarking and wide-ranging data analysis and is part of an aligned set of programmes within NHS England input into by senior clinicians.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 26 September 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Radiating chest pain does not by itself warrant mandatory TAD investigation or CTA for all such patients because benefits do not outweigh risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “You have asked us to address two specific areas of concern, the first of which was the nature of the chest pain which was described as radiating to the neck and jaw and whether this should have raised the possibility of Thoracic Aortic Dissection (TAD). Unfortunately chest pain which radiates to the neck or jaw is not specific for TAD and this description is much more likely to be in keeping with other pathology such as acute coronary syndrome (heart attacks and angina); in fact acute coronary syndrome is 100-200 times more common than TAD [1]. The most discriminating description of the chest pain that is experience in TAD that is evidence based is described as sudden onset with its worst severity being at its onset [2,3]. As noted in your report, TAD in a woman of Ms Reed’s age is highly unusual and we would consider this a rare occurrence in the absence of any other risk factors.”

    Source location

    Response from The Royal College of Radiologists
    Page 1 · response
    Published 26 September 2023

    Open published response
  5. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Mr Paul Sartori · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Paul Sartori sought emergency medical assistance for chest pain on 24 October 2019, was directed from A&E to an urgent care centre, diagnosed with costochondritis, and later died at home on 27 October 2019 after becoming unresponsive. A post-mortem examination found a ruptured dissecting aortic aneurysm. The report raised systemic concerns about awareness and diagnosis of aortic dissection in emergency departments, including the adequacy of current guidance and risk-scoring tools.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to update streaming guidance in line with relevant learning and guidance

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The Inquest heard evidence that the streaming guidance in place for Barts Health A & E staff and NELFT staff had not been updated to take into account the learning from the death of Mr Sartori and to take into account the guidance from the THINK AORTA Campaign (launched in 2016). ”

    Source location

    Mr Paul Sartori · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review and submit joint streaming guidance incorporating THINK AORTA learning for governance approval.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NELFT and Barts Health have worked closely to review the current streaming guidance and incorporate the learning from the ‘THINK AORTA’ campaign. The guidance was reviewed on 18th May 2021 by Clinical and Operational leads for NELFT and Barts Health. It has now been submitted to the joint governance and operational group for consideration and sign off at the next session on 8th June 2021.”

    Source location

    2021-0123-Response-from-Royal-London-Hospital-Redacted
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 April 2021

    Open published response
  6. Isle of Wight

    AI-generated summary

    Lara Mamula · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Lara Mamula had a history of aortic dissection and Loeys-Dietz syndrome. After developing chest pain similar to that experienced during her earlier dissection, she was assessed by ambulance staff and later attended A&E, where she was diagnosed with gastritis and discharged. Five days later, she was found deceased at home; concerns included that the ambulance service did not appreciate the seriousness of her condition or the significance of her recurrent pain, and that a CT scan was not undertaken.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of awareness of the serious aortic risks associated with Loeys-Dietz syndrome

    Wider context from the report

    “1. During the course of the evidence, it became clear that the Isle of Wight Ambulance Service did not appreciate the gravity of the situation when they were called out by Mrs Mamula on 12th June 2013, inasmuch as they were not aware that Loeys-Dietz syndrome predisposes those who suffer from it to have repeated thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Had they known that this condition was so grave and that Mrs Mamula was complaining of the same pain which she had suffered from 2 years previously which was clearly a very ominous symptom, they could have impressed on Mrs Mamula that she would have been much safer to have been taken to hospital at that point to be thoroughly checked out with a CT scan, which would have been the only definitive way to ascertain if she was suffering a new aortic dissection. ”

    Source location

    Lara Mamula · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report
Back to top

Data last updated 7 September 2026