Recurring concern

Inadequate safety warnings on medication packaging

Pin Get email alerts Request correction

First reported 16 Nov 2015•Latest report 15 Feb 2024

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of warnings on medication bottles, packs, labels or accompanying medication information where missing, unclear or insufficiently prominent warnings could lead to unsafe medication use, including excessive dosing or other serious medication-related risks.

Not included

  • Excludes warnings for non-medication products, food, chemicals, appliances or equipment unless the assertion explicitly concerns medication packaging.
  • Excludes medication prescribing, dispensing, administration, monitoring or counselling failures where the packaging-warning control is not deficient.
  • Excludes generic patient-information deficiencies that are not specifically tied to warnings on medication packaging or its accompanying medication information.
  • Excludes the underlying medication hazard or adverse outcome when no medication-packaging warning failure is identified.
Reports
5

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
6

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2015–2024

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
5

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care3
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency3
Advanced Health And Care Limited1
Association of Ambulance Chief Executives1
Bausch & Lomb U.K. Limited1
BNF Publications1
Boehringer Ingelheim Limited1
London Ambulance Service NHS Trust1
London Central & West Unscheduled Care Collaborative Limited1
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence1
NHS Enfield Clinical Commissioning Group1
NHS England1
NHS West and North London Integrated Care Board1
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd1
Teva UK Limited1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. County Durham and Darlington

    AI-generated summary

    Sean Benjamin CRAWFORD · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sean Benjamin CRAWFORD died on 18 December 2020 in Darlington from the combined toxic effect of alcohol and clozapine, neither being individually at toxic levels. The principal concern was that available guidance and medication packaging warned about alcohol, sedation and potentially dangerous side effects but did not advise that death could result from this combination.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of clozapine packaging and leaflets to warn that combined use with alcohol may cause death

    Wider context from the report

    “The circumstances in which Sean came by his death, the combined effects of clozapine with alcohol, seems to be, statistically, very rare. None of the professionals who gave evidence in this case could cite a death with the same cause of death as that suffered by Sean. This said, clozapine is a well-established medication whose side effects are well known. It was originally developed in the 1960s. It is well-known that it requires careful management and monitoring. The side effects are recognised ones and widely known. None of the professional witnesses expressed any lack of familiarity with it or its side effects. One of these side effects is sedation. Likewise, obviously, alcohol is a recognised central nervous system depressant. This is a death from Central Nervous System Depression, consequent to a comparatively high level of clozapine and a comparatively high level of ethanol in the blood – neither individually fatal. It is evident that there is no guidance in any academic literature, British National Formulary, or NICE or MHRA advices on the dangers of death in this scenario. It is noticeable that the leaflet that comes with the Clozaril (clozapine) packages clearly states that it must not be taken with alcohol, and the evidence to me was that the medication comes with a further label, in a similar vein, on the packaging. Neither, however, advises of death being a possibility. All the literature advises that sedation is a potentially dangerous side effect of clozapine. Death from Central Nervous System Depression, over-sedation, is not uncommon. It is often associated with alcohol, and other substance, use. ”

    Source location

    Sean Benjamin CRAWFORD · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct a further assessment of clozapine product information on drug-drug interactions and consider improvements for healthcare professionals, patients, families and carers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have considered the evidence provided and the circumstances leading to Mr Crawford’s death. We have also recently met with a member of Mr Crawford’s immediate family to discuss their concerns. Some of these relate to clinical discussions between a patient and their prescriber which we are not able to address, as it is not within our remit to comment on the clinical care in specific cases. However, because of the nature of some of the concerns raised, we intend to conduct a further assessment of the information provided within the clozapine product information regarding drug-drug interactions. As part of this assessment, we will be giving careful consideration to the information which is provided to healthcare professionals, patients and their families and carers, and whether this can be improved.”

    Source location

    Response from Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    MHRA is responsible for assessing and potentially improving clozapine product information about drug interactions and associated safety risks.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I am aware that the Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has provided a response in respect of the key concern you raise in the report. As you will be aware, MHRA is an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) with responsibility for the regulation of medicinal products in the UK. The MHRA ensures that medicines are efficacious and acceptably safe, and that any possible side effects which have been reported to occur with use of a medicine are appropriately described in the authorised product information. However, MHRA has recognised in the response that none of the authorised product information specifically mention any risk of death because of the interaction with alcohol.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response
  2. Swansea and Neath Port Talbot

    AI-generated summary

    Samuel David Morgan · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Samuel David Morgan died at home on 16 January 2020 as a consequence of self-suspension. His risk of taking his own life had not been identified, and a review assessment was not set when citalopram was prescribed. Concerns included a change in mood after starting the medication and whether clearer warnings about the risk of suicidal thinking in young adults would better capture patients’ attention.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of immediate, prominent medication warnings about increased suicidal thinking risk in young adults

    Wider context from the report

    “Every medicine pack includes a patient information leaflet (PIL), which provides information on using the medicine safely and allows patients to read at their leisure. However, it has been suggested that the “Black Box Warning” (as developed by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA) would have a more immediate impact and capture some patient’s attention highlighting any risks. The simple and clear message in this specific case would be that there is an increased risk of suicidal thinking in young adults. The benefits of such simple and direct messaging extends to all prescribed medicines and associated major risks. ”

    Source location

    Samuel David Morgan · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement and user-test prominent SSRI patient-information warnings about suicidal thoughts and behaviour.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Citalopram is an antidepressant that belongs to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class of medicines. The current warnings about the known risk of suicide with use of SSRI antidepressants were implemented following UK and European reviews of the evidence. The text agreed for the patient information leaflet (PIL) was developed with patients’ input and was subject to user testing.”

    Source location

    2020-0276-Response-from-MHRA-Redacted
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 January 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Current UK headlines and emboldened patient-information warnings are considered sufficient because no evidence shows US black-box warnings communicate risk more effectively.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We have taken note of your suggestion that the “black box” warnings in the US product information of suicide warnings for patients ‘would have a more immediate impact’, however we are unable to find evidence that this is more effective in communicating risk than the current practice in the UK of headlines and emboldened text supported by extensive user testing to shape the presentation of key safety messages. Should new data come to light we will review this and see what changes could be made to support risk communication in the future.”

    Source location

    2020-0276-Response-from-MHRA-Redacted
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 January 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The MHRA has found no evidence that United States-style black-box warnings communicate medicine risks more effectively than UK patient information leaflets.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “My officials have liaised with the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) which I know has considered carefully your comments about the presentation of risks associated with citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medicines on Patient Information Leaflets, and by extension the presentation of major risks associated with all prescribed medicines.”

    Source location

    2020-0276-Response-from-Dept.-of-Health-and-Social-Care-Redacted
    Page 1 · response
    Published 5 January 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing NICE, product information, BNF and MHRA guidance is considered adequate to inform SSRI risk discussions and monitoring, particularly when treatment begins.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Clinicians are expected to take account of NICE guidelines, product information and advice in the BNF when discussing treatment options with a patient, ensuring that patients are aware of known risks associated with medicines so that properly informed decisions are taken. The risk of suicidal behaviour associated with SSRIs, particularly in young people aged up to 25 years, has been highlighted to healthcare professionals via MHRA Drug Safety Updates, as well as in published guidance by the MHRA². The GP handbook, the British National Formulary (BNF) also highlights these risks and the importance of monitoring particularly at the start of treatment.”

    Source location

    2020-0276-Response-from-Dept.-of-Health-and-Social-Care-Redacted
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 January 2021

    Open published response
  3. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Shanté Andrée Marie TURAY-THOMAS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Shanté Andrée Marie Turay-Thomas ate hazelnuts on 18 September 2018 and died soon afterwards from acute anaphylaxis. The report identifies concerns about inadequate allergy care, advice and training concerning adrenaline auto-injectors, prescribing and clinical communication, and errors in the NHS 111 response and ambulance categorisation.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to display the advice to carry two adrenaline auto injectors on the outside of the box

    Wider context from the report

    “3. The Emerade AAI accompanying leaflet does include the advice that two pens should be carried at all times, but the advice is not re-iterated on the outside of the box. Consideration will need to be given to whether this is the appropriate advice in all cases, but it seems worthwhile to review the issue as a whole. ”

    Source location

    Shanté Andrée Marie TURAY-THOMAS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Initiate discussions with MHRA about adding advice to outer packaging that patients should carry two adrenaline auto-injectors.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “With respect to information on the labelling of medicinal products, this is controlled by the Human Medicines Regulations 2012 and the addition of any text must be approved by the competent regulatory authority before it can be implemented. When considering the addition of information not specified in the regulations, it is necessary to take into account whether this can be included on the packaging in legible form without adversely impacting the essential information already required to be present.”

    Source location

    2020-0124-Response-from-Bausch-Lomb_Redacted.pdf
    Page 2 · response
    Published 13 August 2020

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Changes to medicinal-product labelling require approval from the competent regulatory authority under the Human Medicines Regulations 2012.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “With respect to information on the labelling of medicinal products, this is controlled by the Human Medicines Regulations 2012 and the addition of any text must be approved by the competent regulatory authority before it can be implemented. When considering the addition of information not specified in the regulations, it is necessary to take into account whether this can be included on the packaging in legible form without adversely impacting the essential information already required to be present.”

    Source location

    2020-0124-Response-from-Bausch-Lomb_Redacted.pdf
    Page 2 · response
    Published 13 August 2020

    Open published response
  4. West Sussex

    AI-generated summary

    George Benjamin Rimmer · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    George Benjamin Rimmer was found deceased at home on 25 October 2018 after being prescribed Oramorph for pain following decompression surgery. The concerns included taking the medicine directly from the bottle rather than measuring doses, possible lack of counselling about exceeding the prescribed dose, and insufficient warnings about excess or cumulative dosing.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of bottle warnings about unmeasured or excessive dosing

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Mr Rimmer was known to swig out of the bottle rather than take a measured dose as many patient do; (2) Mr Rimmer self medicated as required; (3) Mr Rimmer’s GP did not recall advising him of the possible consequences of exceeding the prescribed dose. (4) There was no evidence to show that anyone had counselled Mr Rimmer with regards to the use of this drug. (5) The leaflet that comes with the bottle does not provide a sufficient warning of the dangers of taking an excess dose. (6) There is no mention of the dangers of drinking from the bottle and not measuring the dose. (7) There is no warning on the bottle to act as a reminder of the dangers of taking an excess dose or of the cumulative effect of taking more than the prescribed amount. ”

    Source location

    George Benjamin Rimmer · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient leaflet warnings about taking an excess dose

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Mr Rimmer was known to swig out of the bottle rather than take a measured dose as many patient do; (2) Mr Rimmer self medicated as required; (3) Mr Rimmer’s GP did not recall advising him of the possible consequences of exceeding the prescribed dose. (4) There was no evidence to show that anyone had counselled Mr Rimmer with regards to the use of this drug. (5) The leaflet that comes with the bottle does not provide a sufficient warning of the dangers of taking an excess dose. (6) There is no mention of the dangers of drinking from the bottle and not measuring the dose. (7) There is no warning on the bottle to act as a reminder of the dangers of taking an excess dose or of the cumulative effect of taking more than the prescribed amount. ”

    Source location

    George Benjamin Rimmer · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Request MHRA approval to strengthen and embolden the prescriber-direction warning on the Oramorph bottle label.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, we propose to strengthen and emphasise the wording on both the bottle label and carton label:”

    Source location

    2019-0269-Response-by-Boehringer-Ingelheim
    Page 8 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Request MHRA approval to add an explicit warning against drinking Oramorph directly from the bottle and describe overdose risks in the patient information leaflet.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, we will propose to the MHRA that we include within the ‘HOW TO TAKE ORAMORPH ORAL SOLUTION’ section the following statement (or words to that effect to be agreed with the MHRA):”

    Source location

    2019-0269-Response-by-Boehringer-Ingelheim
    Page 7 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing dosing instructions and approved labelling were considered sufficiently clear despite lacking an explicit warning against drinking directly from the bottle.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Whilst there is no explicit warning in the PIL not to drink directly from the bottle, the wording of the ‘HOW TO TAKE ORAMORPH ORAL SOLUTION’ is also consistent with other oral morphine solutions (ref 9,10) available in the UK. These also provide specific instructions about measuring the correct dose but, like Oramorph®, they do not have an explicit warning not to drink directly from the bottle.”

    Source location

    2019-0269-Response-by-Boehringer-Ingelheim
    Page 7 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing bottle and carton wording was considered sufficiently clear and compliant with statutory requirements, despite a proposal to strengthen and emphasise it.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Please be aware the space to include additional information on the bottle label is limited and guidance to the patient is covered in detail in the PIL (see response to matter of concern 4 confirming that the warning symptoms/signs and risks of an excess dose, including death, are clearly stated).”

    Source location

    2019-0269-Response-by-Boehringer-Ingelheim
    Page 8 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Proposed changes to the leaflet, bottle label, and carton require review and approval by the MHRA and HPRA.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Please be advised that any proposed additions and amendments to the PIL, bottle and outer carton labelling will need to be reviewed and approved by both the MHRA (UK) and the Healthcare and Products Regulatory Agency (HPRA) in Ireland, since we maintain a joint pack for both countries.”

    Source location

    2019-0269-Response-by-Boehringer-Ingelheim
    Page 9 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Prescribing clinicians and other healthcare professionals are responsible for explaining dosing, risks, and consequences of exceeding prescribed doses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We view this matter of concern as more pertinent to Mr Rimmer’s prescribing clinician and other healthcare professionals.”

    Source location

    2019-0269-Response-by-Boehringer-Ingelheim
    Page 3 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The existing Patient Information Leaflet sufficiently warns about excess-dose symptoms, risks, required medical help, and possible death, so no further action was taken.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Conclusion 4 We feel the wording of the PIL (both current and June 2015 version) is sufficient to warn the patient of the need to take only the dose the doctor has prescribed, to seek medical help if too much is taken and the warning signs/symptoms and associated risks of taking too much and therefore we took no further action to this matter of concern.”

    Source location

    2019-0269-Response-by-Boehringer-Ingelheim
    Page 6 · response
    Published 18 October 2019

    Open published response
  5. Manchester North

    AI-generated summary

    Nadine Brookes-Walker · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Nadine Brookes-Walker died after a fentanyl patch prescribed for severe pain was likely damaged while being removed from its packaging, resulting in an excessive release of fentanyl. The principal concern was that the packaging did not make the serious consequences of using damaged patches sufficiently apparent to patients; difficulties removing patches also suggested a possible manufacturing fault in some batches.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inadequate packaging warnings about the consequences of using damaged Fentanyl patches

    Wider context from the report

    “Warning regarding the seriousness of the consequences of using damaged Fentanyl patches may not be apparent to the patient from the packaging ”

    Source location

    Nadine Brookes-Walker · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The current Matrifen leaflet adequately addresses the risk of damaged patches.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Matters of concern: With regard to your specific comment ‘warning regarding the seriousness of the consequences of using damaged fentanyl patches may not be apparent to the patient from the packaging’ and your request for ‘action to be taken to prevent future deaths’ we would like to bring to your attention section 3 of the Matrifen patient information leaflet (PIL) where the following is mentioned:”

    Source location

    Nadine-Brooks-Response
    Page 1 · response
    Published 16 November 2015

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The brand leader manufacturer was asked to review whether product information changes were required.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Furthermore, as we are required to ensure that the PIL for Matrifen is consistent with that of the brand leader product Durogesic, marketed by Johnson & Johnson, we have requested that they conduct a review to determine whether any changes are required to the product information as a result of this incident. I understand that this is still under investigation.”

    Source location

    Nadine-Brooks-Response
    Page 1 · response
    Published 16 November 2015

    Open published response
Back to top

Data last updated 7 September 2026