Recurring concern

Incomplete and inadequately documented clinical assessments of children

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First reported 7 Oct 2014•Latest report 30 Mar 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of the clinical assessment process for children, including incomplete examination or assessment, omitted assessment components, and failure to document the assessment or the reason it was not completed, across emergency and comparable clinical settings.

Not included

  • Excludes generic clinical-record deficiencies where the underlying child assessment was completed and the issue is only later record access or transmission.
  • Excludes failures concerning adults unless the report explicitly links them to the same child-assessment process.
  • Excludes failures limited to a specific diagnostic test, treatment, escalation or observation process when incomplete child clinical assessment is not itself identified.
  • Excludes generic staffing, training or documentation deficiencies that are not directly part of completing or recording a clinical assessment of a child.
Reports
7

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
11

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
17

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

NHS England5
Royal College of General Practitioners3
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health3
Department of Health and Social Care2
Royal College of Emergency Medicine2
Care Quality Commission1
Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy1
Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust1
George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust1
Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch1
Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee1
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence1
NHS Pathways1
Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust1
The Royal Society For The Prevention Of Accidents1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Warwickshire

    AI-generated summary

    Ethan Michael Hanson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ethan was assessed by his GP and then at hospital for abdominal pain, vomiting and concern about appendicitis, but was discharged without senior review after abnormal observations and the GP’s concerns were not transferred to the hospital assessment. He later collapsed, suffered cardiac arrest, and died after imaging confirmed perforated appendicitis, peritonitis and sepsis. The principal concerns include inaccurate or incomplete observations and pain assessment, pathway and escalation arrangements that did not align with guidance, inadequate support for assessing neurodivergent children and parents, and loss of critical information during transfer from primary to hospital care.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of practical mechanisms for adapting assessment of neurodivergent children

    Wider context from the report

    “GIRFT guidance lacks practical mechanisms for assessing neurodivergent children and parents The GIRFT guidance recognises that neurodivergent children may be more difficult to assess or diagnose, but it does not provide practical mechanisms for clinicians to adapt history-taking, pain assessment or communication. The guidance does not consider the risk that a neurodivergent parent may struggle to convey concern, may appear reassured when they are frightened, or may find questions and instructions confusing or intimidating. The absence of such mechanisms risks misunderstanding children’s symptoms and misinterpreting parental reassurance. ”

    Source location

    Ethan Michael Hanson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Run monthly multidisciplinary simulation sessions covering paediatric abdominal pain, neurodivergence, communication and escalation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The learning from this case is being built into a simulation programme. The upcoming CAU simulation sessions will involve a wider multi-disciplinary group and will include scenarios around abdominal pain, including neurodivergent children, to support better recognition, communication, and escalation. These sessions are held monthly.”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Amend the paediatric casualty card to record children’s communication, sensory or behavioural needs.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The paediatric casualty card is currently being amended to include whether the parent/carer has any potential neurodiverse implications which may affect communication. This has been discussed with the Paediatric Neurodiversity & Learning Disability Lead for South Warwickshire NHS University Foundation Trust (SWFT). This has identified that the question to be placed on the casualty card should be “does this child have any communication, sensory or”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide specialist Play Specialist support to improve communication and reduce anxiety for neurodivergent children.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The Trust has a Play Specialist in post, providing specialist support to reduce anxiety and enhance communication for neurodivergent children through appropriate tools and techniques.”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 5 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the FLACC behavioural pain assessment tool within the Clinical Assessment Unit.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) behavioural pain assessment tool is being implemented within CAU to support more consistent and appropriate pain assessment, with full implementation anticipated by the end of June 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 5 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and deliver a communications campaign promoting Hospital Passports and “All About Me” tools.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The Trust’s Communications Team is developing a formal communications plan, in partnership with the Paediatric Neurodiversity & Learning Disability Lead, to increase awareness and utilisation of Hospital Passports and “All About Me” tools. This will include a public-facing campaign, commencing in July 2026 and continuing thereafter.”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 5 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Practical mechanisms in GIRFT guidance fall outside the Trust’s direct remit; the Trust will comply with any enhanced guidance GIRFT issues.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust acknowledges the concerns raised regarding the absence of practical mechanisms within the GIRFT guidance to support assessment and communication with neurodivergent children and their families. However, this matter falls outside the Trust’s direct remit. GIRFT has been made aware of these considerations through receipt of the Coroner’s Regulation 28 Report to Prevent Future Deaths. The Trust will, however, ensure full compliance with any enhanced or updated guidance issued by GIRFT in response to these findings.”

    Source location

    Response from George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust
    Page 4 · response
    Published 25 June 2026

    Open published response
  2. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Rose Annie Harfleet · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Rose Annie Harfleet, aged 12, died in hospital on 30 January 2024 after presenting with abdominal pain and vomiting, later identified as a caecal volvulus causing intestinal obstruction and bowel ischaemia. The report raised concerns about failures to recognise and respond to her deterioration, obtain and act on information from her mother, provide appropriate monitoring and surgical review, and offer learning disability liaison support. It also identified a lack of guidance for managing and consulting with children with profound disabilities in hospital settings.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to routinely obtain and listen to parents’ or guardians’ information about children with profound disabilities

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Guidelines - consultation with parents and guardians of children with profound disabilities within a hospital setting Rose’s mother was devoted to Rose and was very able to advocate on Rose’s behalf as well as being best placed to provide the vital information about her signs and symptoms given Rose was unable to do this for herself. The importance of obtaining this information was not understood by the paediatric consultant who took no history from Rose’s mother and underestimated the severity of her signs and symptoms. The consequence of this was that Rose’s voice – through her mother as her advocate – was not heard and she was not therefore able to actively participate in the care and management that was provided to Rose, the corollary of which resulted in poor clinical decision making which contributed to Rose’s death. This gives rise to a concern that by not listening to parents or guardians as a matter of course leads to discrimination of disabled children. ”

    Source location

    Rose Annie Harfleet · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Maintain a Learning Disabilities and Autism policy with emergency admission guidance and requirements for carer involvement.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust has a Learning Disabilities and/or Autism Policy to Support Children and Adults with Learning Disability and/or Autism. This has been developed in accordance with other national and local guidelines, including the Mental Capacity Act 2005, Learning from lives and deaths – People with a learning disability and autistic people (LeDeR) policy (2021), NICE NG93 mental capacity, reasonable adjustments and quiet areas, NG11 restraint, Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults; Diagnosis and Management – Clinical Guide CG142 (NICE 2016), NHS LD&A Programme 2025 Digital flagging and hospital passports and the Equality Act (2010). Specifically the Trust policy includes an emergency admission flow chart and information about supporting carers and engaging with them in decision making including care and interventions.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement Martha’s Rule across adult and paediatric services, addressing its three delivery metrics for patient, family, carer and staff escalation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust is not however aware of any specific national guidance on consultation with the parents and carers of children with profound disabilities although the Trust recognises that this is an essential part of good clinical practice. Whilst not specifically related to children with profound disabilities, the Trust is aware of Martha’s Rule, and have been selected to be part of Phase 2 for implementing this. Work has commenced to address the three metrics for delivery for adults and children.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue rolling out Oliver McGowan Mandatory Training on Learning Disability and Autism to the health and adult social care workforce.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “To improve awareness of learning disability and autism within the health and social care system, under the Health and Care Act 2022, from 1 July 2022 Care Quality Commission (CQC) registered providers are required to ensure their staff receive specific training on learning disability and autism appropriate to their role. This will help to ensure that staff have the right knowledge and skills to provide safe and informed care. To support providers to meet the statutory training requirement, we have been rolling out the Oliver McGowan Mandatory Training on Learning Disability and Autism to the health and adult social care workforce: this specifically highlights the difference that listening to parents can make.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Create a single patient record through the NHS App, bringing together patient health information, test results, and letters.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of the government’s 10-year plan and transforming the NHS from analogue to digital, the government will create a more modern NHS by bringing together a single patient record, summarising patient health information, test results, and letters in one place, through the NHS App. It will put patients and their advocates in control of their own medical history, meaning they do not have to repeat it at every appointment, and that staff have the full picture of patients’ health.”

    Source location

    Response from DHSC
    Page 3 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Support rollout of Martha’s Rule and engage with NHS England as pilot data emerge.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “RCPCH are actively supporting the role out of Martha’s Rule. Martha’s Rule is a patient safety initiative currently being piloted in England which aims to empower all staff, patients and their families to seek an independent medical review if they feel their concerns about a patient’s care are not being adequately addressed. The rule is designed to give families the ability to directly request an expert review by a senior clinician not within the immediate care team, potentially identifying critical issues before they result in harm.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal College of Paediatrics
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Collaborate with NHS England and the Royal College of Nursing to develop a single national Paediatric Early Warning System for England.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition, RCPCH are committed to the introduction, embedding and appropriate standardisation of Paediatric Early Warning Systems (PEWS) within the four nations. PEWS are designed to effectively recognise and respond to the deterioration of children or young people in a healthcare environment. A parental escalation process is essential to any effectively PEWS. We have been collaborating with NHS England and the Royal College of Nursing to develop a single national PEWS for England since 2018 and are supportive of equivalent processes across the UK.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal College of Paediatrics
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish interim guidance on mandatory learning disability and autism training for providers and CQC staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Speaking with and respecting patients’ families is a key aspect of the mandatory learning disability and autism training (aka the Oliver McGowan training) so all clinicians involved should be aware of this. A difficulty with regard to the implementation and regulation of providing this training has been the delay to the publication of the Code of Practice. This will give providers and CQC staff clearer guidance on the requirements of the training and for CQC to regulate. Interim guidance is available on our website.”

    Source location

    Response from Care Quality Commission
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Publish and maintain a Learning Disabilities Toolkit with emergency-department guidance on reasonable adjustments, intra-abdominal pathology and aspiration.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. The management of children with profound disabilities within a hospital setting In September 2024, the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) published a Learning Disabilities Toolkit [1]. This resource includes information about how best to approach the management of people with a learning disability and suggestions on how to make reasonable adjustments in an ED setting. The toolkit also makes specific mention of intra-abdominal pathology and aspiration. The RCEM also provide additional online educational resources related to Learning Disabilities [2]. The RCEM feel it would not be appropriate to comment about the care delivered in the in-patient setting.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal College of Emergency Medicine
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Participate in developing the emergency-department version of the national paediatric early warning system, including parental or carer concern in escalation responses.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “2. Guidelines - consultation with parents and guardians of children with profound disabilities within a hospital setting The RCEM Learning Disability Toolkit [1] emphasises the importance of listening to family and carers of people with a learning disability in the ED. The RCEM are represented in the group developing the ED version of the national paediatric early warning system (nPEWS) with NHS England. A key component of the nPEWS (and the current draft of the emergency department specific nPEWS score - EDnPEWS) is parental/carer concern [3]. The response from the parent/carer is built into the escalation response. The RCEM is also supportive of the work just commencing via NHS England’s Patient Safety Collaborative, which is looking to test the use of Martha’s Rule in the ED setting. We would also note”

    Source location

    Response from Royal College of Emergency Medicine
    Page 1 · response
    Published 20 May 2025

    Open published response
  3. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Louis James Rogers · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Louis James Rogers died after being found unresponsive at home following a period of clinical illness and was pronounced dead on 18 June 2021 despite resuscitation attempts. Autopsy identified a viral infection, and genetic studies confirmed Dravet’s Syndrome. The report raised concerns about the management and investigation of febrile seizures, information provided to parents, paramedic and general practice guidance, and the lack of a coordinated febrile seizure pathway.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to document general practice assessment of febrile seizures

    Wider context from the report

    “4. General Practice - At his mother’s request after the possibility of a further seizure, Louis was reviewed by his general practitioner on the 13th May 2021 following which Louis’s mother was reassured without a detailed history from Louis’s mother or a full neurological examination and in the absence of documentation in circumstances whereby it was acknowledged there was sufficient information at that time to refer Louis to secondary services for the management of children with febrile seizures. It would therefore be appropriate to consider providing robust national guidance and education to general practitioners to ensure appropriate history, examination, investigation are undertaken to allow timely referrals to secondary medical services to be undertaken. ”

    Source location

    Louis James Rogers · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to undertake a detailed history and full neurological examination in general practice

    Wider context from the report

    “4. General Practice - At his mother’s request after the possibility of a further seizure, Louis was reviewed by his general practitioner on the 13th May 2021 following which Louis’s mother was reassured without a detailed history from Louis’s mother or a full neurological examination and in the absence of documentation in circumstances whereby it was acknowledged there was sufficient information at that time to refer Louis to secondary services for the management of children with febrile seizures. It would therefore be appropriate to consider providing robust national guidance and education to general practitioners to ensure appropriate history, examination, investigation are undertaken to allow timely referrals to secondary medical services to be undertaken. ”

    Source location

    Louis James Rogers · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Ask colleagues from seven NHS regions to share learning and available guidance with Integrated Care Boards for cascading to relevant healthcare professionals.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a result of your Report, we will also be asking colleagues from each of the seven NHS regions to share the learnings from this matter and the guidance available with their Integrated Care Boards for cascading to relevant healthcare professionals.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 3 · response
    Published 31 March 2023

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    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Replace the epilepsy guideline with updated recommendations on referral and information and support after a first seizure.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We believe that our guideline on epilepsies: diagnosis and management [CG137], which was in place at the time of Louis’ death, is directly relevant to this case. The guideline covered diagnosing, treating and managing epilepsy and seizures in children, young people and adults in primary and secondary care and made recommendations on what should happen following a first seizure (section 1.4), diagnosis (section 1.5) and investigations (sections 1.6).”

    Source location

    Response from NICE
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 March 2023

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    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    NICE is responsible for producing clinical guidance on the diagnosis, treatment and management of febrile seizures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) are responsible for producing clinical guidance for health and care practitioners on the issue of febrile seizures. Their guidance on Epilepsies in children, young people and adults (NG127) covers the diagnosis, treatment and management, referral recommendations and information and support for the management of epilepsy and seizures in children:”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 March 2023

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    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing national guidance is considered sufficient for managing febrile seizures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “NHS England has been sighted on the response to your Report from NICE, who have advised that there is sufficient national guidance regarding the management of febrile seizures.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 31 March 2023

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    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing national guidance and the Clinical Knowledge Summary are considered sufficient to support timely assessment, investigation and referral for febrile seizures.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We believe that our guideline on epilepsies: diagnosis and management [CG137], which was in place at the time of Louis’ death, is directly relevant to this case. The guideline covered diagnosing, treating and managing epilepsy and seizures in children, young people and adults in primary and secondary care and made recommendations on what should happen following a first seizure (section 1.4), diagnosis (section 1.5) and investigations (sections 1.6).”

    Source location

    Response from NICE
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 March 2023

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    RCEM will not lead development of further guidance because the project would be a significant undertaking, but can contribute with other organisations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “RCEM would be happy to work with NHS England / National Institute for Healthcare Excellence, Royal Colleges and other interested parties to help develop further evidence based or consensus guidance in this complex area of clinical practice. We are mindful that this would be a significant undertaking and that it would therefore not be appropriate for RCEM to take the lead on such a project.”

    Source location

    Response from Emergency Care Committee
    Page 1 · response
    Published 31 March 2023

    Open published response
  4. Hull and East Riding of Yorkshire

    AI-generated summary

    Esma GUZEL · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Esma Guzel, aged five, died on 10 May 2019 after developing vomiting and abdominal pain due to complications of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. After a GP assessment and subsequent deterioration, the 111 service advised attendance at an out-of-hours GP service, where she arrived in cardiac arrest and could not be resuscitated. The principal concerns relate to questioning about vomitus, the 111 algorithm’s assessment and disposition, and referral to paediatric services.

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to question the nature of vomitus in young children

    Wider context from the report

    “I have presented with evidence prior to and at inquest, that diligent questioning as to the nature of vomitus in a five-year-old patient, would have alerted a competent practitioner to the requirement for urgent hospitalisation. The facts of this case are that with the child continuing to be unwell eight hours later, the 111 algorithm led to her being driven by her father to an out-of-hours GP run service with no accessible paediatric infrastructure, where she arrived in a state of cardiac arrest. The 111 algorithm has been subject to modification in the light of these events, but I remain concerned that there is no detailed assessment of the degree of apparent concern, no accommodation of the prior direct review by a general practitioner, and no consideration of the timing of the request for advice, when reaching a disposition that does not involve referral to paediatric services. It is difficult to reconcile professional opinion that this patient should have been referred to paediatric services on the basis of features at 5 PM but not in the small hours of the morning with a deterioration in her condition by that stage. I have heard in evidence that an educational message on ‘rare causes for common symptoms’ could be circulated as a case report, but take the view that the lead professional bodies for both general practice and child health should consider how such information is effectively disseminated, and whether the algorithms and dispositions generated by the 111 service need further modification to maximise the chance of expedited optimal care for what is acknowledged to be an uncommon condition. I have heard in evidence that the 111 service is the default safety net arrangement in such circumstances, and this therefore requires endorsement by your professional bodies, if it is to command the confidence of patients, parents and practitioners as a definitive safety net. ”

    Source location

    Esma GUZEL · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide a children’s and young people’s curriculum covering paediatric emergencies, gastrointestinal conditions, examinations and complex-disease liaison, with trainee assessment before qualification.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “GP in training curriculum Paediatrics and child health is covered extensively in the RCGP curriculum which contains a Children’s and Young People’s specific curriculum that all GPs in training follow. This includes several areas that would relate to this case including common and important conditions such as paediatric emergencies, congenital abnormalities, gastrointestinal conditions that present in childhood, age-appropriate examinations and liaising with colleagues for complex disease. GPs in training would be assessed on their knowledge of this aspect of the curriculum in workplace-based assessments, the applied knowledge test (a written exam) and in a recorded consultation assessment before a GP trainee could qualify and work independently as a GP.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal College General Practitioners
    Page 1 · response
    Published 29 September 2022

    Open published response
  5. Plymouth, Torbay and South Devon

    AI-generated summary

    Sebastian · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sebastian was a six-year-old boy who became ill on 10 October 2015 and deteriorated over the following weekend. He suffered a cardiac arrest and was confirmed deceased at Derriford Hospital on 12 October 2015. The concerns included limitations in NHS Pathways questions and support arrangements that may have hindered recognition and escalation of an acutely unwell child, as well as the absence of a failsafe mechanism for repeated enquiries about the same complaint.

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of NHS Pathways questions to allow meaningful assessment of pain in children

    Wider context from the report

    “Following the inquest I received submissions that without changes in the NHS Pathways the 111 call handlers will not be adequately assisted by the Pathways to recognise the acutely unwell child, in particular: i at the conclusion of the inquest there was no question within the NHS Pathways questionnaire concerning cold hands and feet for children aged over five ii at the time of the conclusion of the inquest the question regarding green vomit, asked in respect of children over five, had an inappropriately high threshold (that is required severe pain for more than four hours before the question was engaged) and would not have been activated in Sebastian’s case iii there has no indication NHS Pathways/NHS Digital have reviewed the support arrangements for non-clinically qualified call advisors to refer unusual cases to clinically qualified colleagues iv at the time of the conclusion of the inquest NHS Pathways’ questions did not allow a meaningful assessment of pain in a child; that is to say questions about severity of pain and ability of a child to communicate such pain should be reviewed at national governance level One expert at the Hearing expressed the view that three contacts with medical providers about one concern should instigate a face to face meeting between patient and clinician. Those providing health care are asked to review the need for a failsafe mechanism whereby, when there is a repeated enquiry regarding the same complaint over a child’s health within a period of time, there is a rapid assessment to determine whether or not that call requires urgent escalation to a review by an appropriate clinician and, where appropriate, a face to face meeting between the patient and an appropriate clinician. ”

    Source location

    Sebastian · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

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    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Functional-capacity questions were considered the most meaningful available method for assessing children's pain remotely.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A telephone assessment of pain in any age group is challenging as pain can be binary in nature. It is acknowledged that asking how bad the pain is will likely generate a very subjective description. Therefore, the system call handlers could undertake a ‘functional capacity’ assessment by way of the question presented.”

    Source location

    2019-0193-Response-by-NHS-Digital
    Page 9 · response
    Published 23 August 2019

    Open published response
  6. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Venkata Naga Lakshyasi KAGGA · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Venkata Naga Lakshyasi KAGGA died on 9 July 2017 after a button battery lodged in her oesophagus and caused an oesophageal arterial fistula. Before her death, she was seen by doctors and ambulance staff, but the battery was not identified. Concerns included failures to examine and assess her, non-compliance with ambulance policy for children under five, inadequate information sharing, and limited understanding of the risks posed by button batteries.

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    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to complete or fully document child assessments

    Wider context from the report

    “5. The importance of carrying out a full assessment of a child or documenting fully why it was not carried out on 6ᵗʰ July was not recognised by the medical staff involved. ”

    Source location

    Venkata Naga Lakshyasi KAGGA · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to value-check subjective assessments in young children

    Wider context from the report

    “6. NWAS staff partly based decision making on 9ᵗʰ July on subjective assessment, which was not value checked with those who knew Venkata. The risks around subjective assessments particularly with young children with no basis on which to make a value comparison did not appear to be fully understood. ”

    Source location

    Venkata Naga Lakshyasi KAGGA · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. South Yorkshire (Eastern)

    AI-generated summary

    Zakariyya Thomas Clark · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Zakariyya Clark was injured after being dropped, sustaining skull fractures and minor brain bleeds, but was discharged from hospital without a CT scan. He was later found unresponsive after sleeping and was declared dead; the inquest concluded that the death was due to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and natural causes. The principal concern was that full assessments and observations were not carried out or documented when babies and children attended the emergency department, potentially putting future patients at risk.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to document haematoma location and size

    Wider context from the report

    “At the time of Zakariyya's attendance at the Doncaster Royal Infirmary on the 11th July 2013, there were significant deficiencies in both the matters recorded in the notes and the extent of the examination and assessment undertaken. These can be summarised as follows: 1. Failure to document an assessment of Glasgow Coma Score and the result. 2. Failure to document the location of the haematoma as well as its size. 3. Failure to follow Trust procedures in undertaking and documenting complete observations (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, saturations, capillary refill). Ultimately, I concluded that these matters did not affect the outcome in Zakariyya's case but did feel that should these practices continue, future patients may well be at risk. Counsel for the family suggested to the Consultant in Emergency Medicine that the computerised systems described during evidence could be enhanced to ensure that clinicians could not move onto the next step until these vital observations had been undertaken and documented. The Consultant responded very positively to this suggestion. In essence therefore my concern is that failure to carry out full and complete assessments and observations in babies and children attending the Accident and Emergency department and then to document the same will put future patients at risk until these matters are properly addressed. ”

    Source location

    Zakariyya Thomas Clark · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to document Glasgow Coma Score assessments and results

    Wider context from the report

    “At the time of Zakariyya's attendance at the Doncaster Royal Infirmary on the 11th July 2013, there were significant deficiencies in both the matters recorded in the notes and the extent of the examination and assessment undertaken. These can be summarised as follows: 1. Failure to document an assessment of Glasgow Coma Score and the result. 2. Failure to document the location of the haematoma as well as its size. 3. Failure to follow Trust procedures in undertaking and documenting complete observations (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, saturations, capillary refill). Ultimately, I concluded that these matters did not affect the outcome in Zakariyya's case but did feel that should these practices continue, future patients may well be at risk. Counsel for the family suggested to the Consultant in Emergency Medicine that the computerised systems described during evidence could be enhanced to ensure that clinicians could not move onto the next step until these vital observations had been undertaken and documented. The Consultant responded very positively to this suggestion. In essence therefore my concern is that failure to carry out full and complete assessments and observations in babies and children attending the Accident and Emergency department and then to document the same will put future patients at risk until these matters are properly addressed. ”

    Source location

    Zakariyya Thomas Clark · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to undertake and document complete clinical observations

    Wider context from the report

    “At the time of Zakariyya's attendance at the Doncaster Royal Infirmary on the 11th July 2013, there were significant deficiencies in both the matters recorded in the notes and the extent of the examination and assessment undertaken. These can be summarised as follows: 1. Failure to document an assessment of Glasgow Coma Score and the result. 2. Failure to document the location of the haematoma as well as its size. 3. Failure to follow Trust procedures in undertaking and documenting complete observations (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, saturations, capillary refill). Ultimately, I concluded that these matters did not affect the outcome in Zakariyya's case but did feel that should these practices continue, future patients may well be at risk. Counsel for the family suggested to the Consultant in Emergency Medicine that the computerised systems described during evidence could be enhanced to ensure that clinicians could not move onto the next step until these vital observations had been undertaken and documented. The Consultant responded very positively to this suggestion. In essence therefore my concern is that failure to carry out full and complete assessments and observations in babies and children attending the Accident and Emergency department and then to document the same will put future patients at risk until these matters are properly addressed. ”

    Source location

    Zakariyya Thomas Clark · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026