Recurring concern

Insufficient clinical staffing capacity for timely surgical care

Pin Get email alerts Request correction

First reported 18 Oct 2013•Latest report 5 Jun 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes deficiencies in the availability, experience, skill mix or deployment of clinical staff that directly delay or threaten timely surgical assessment, review, transfer or treatment, including weekend or out-of-hours cover and persistent ward staffing shortfalls.

Not included

  • Excludes generic workforce, funding or recruitment concerns without a direct effect on timely surgical care.
  • Excludes non-surgical staffing deficiencies, including mental-health, prison, social-care or emergency-call staffing, unless the report explicitly links them to surgical care.
  • Excludes failures of surgical decision-making, referral, equipment or bed capacity where insufficient clinical staffing is not the unsafe condition.
  • Excludes isolated clinician competence failures that do not indicate a staffing-capacity or cover deficiency.
Reports
5

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
6

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2013–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
10

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Barts Health NHS Trust1
Department of Health and Social Care1
NHS England1
Royal Stoke University Hospital1
Stepping Hill Hospital1
University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Birmingham and Solihull

    AI-generated summary

    Colin Charles BROOKS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Colin Charles Brooks underwent complex cardiac surgery on 7 May 2024 and developed a hypoxic ischaemic brain injury after blood flow to his brain was compromised during emergency surgery. He remained unresponsive and died in a neurology ward on 11 September 2024. The concern was that out-of-hours staffing and the lack of an additional on-site perfusionist contributed to delayed identification of the missing bridge clamp, creating a risk of similar future deaths.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to provide N+1 onsite perfusionist coverage for simultaneous out-of-hours CPB procedures

    Wider context from the report

    “1. During the inquest I heard that the emergency surgery on Mr Brooks was taking place out of hours at the same time as another emergency procedure, a lung transplant operation, was taking place in another theatre. The only two on call perfusionists on site were the perfusionist operating the cardiopulmonary bypass machine (“CPB”) in Mr Brooks’s surgery (Perfusionist 2) and the perfusionist involved in the lung transplant operation (Perfusionist 3). 2. The Safety Requirements published by the Society of Clinical Perfusion Scientists in 2023 advises that : “The minimum safe number of accredited clinical perfusion scientists to cover operating theatres for any CPB procedure is deemed as N+1, where N equals the number of operating theatres in use at any given time on a single site. The plus one shall be available onsite” 3. One of the factors that was, in my view, likely to have contributed to the delay in Perfusionist 2, who was relatively junior in terms of experience, being able to identify the absence of the bridge clamp as the cause Mr Brook’s hypotension, was that Perfusionist 2 was limited in being able to obtain advice from another perfusionist. 4. Contrary to the “N+1” advice, there was no other available perfusionist on site, (apart from Perfusionist 3), whom Perfusionist 2 could call in to the theatre quickly to help with troubleshooting. Perfusionist 3 was unable to leave the theatre next door and so messages had to be exchanged between the two perfusionists which led to the issue being identified. 5. I heard that whilst the “N+1” advice is followed by the UHB Trust during normal working hours, it is not possible for this to be followed out of hours in circumstances where two operating theatres are in operation at the same time owing to resourcing/funding issues and problems with the availability of perfusionists generally, one of the factors being the significant effect staffing this requirement out of hours would have on reducing the waiting lists for surgery during working hours. 6. Although it was a rare event that two emergency procedures requiring a bypass machine were taking place at the same time out of hours, nonetheless there is a risk that future deaths could occur in similar circumstances if action is not taken to address resourcing and the availability of perfusionists. ”

    Source location

    Colin Charles BROOKS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Determining safe perfusionist staffing levels, including out-of-hours cover, is the responsibility of individual NHS trusts and employers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I have carefully considered the situation. Individual NHS Trusts and other employers are responsible for determining staffing levels and workforce composition. They are best placed to understand their services and the needs of their patients in order to deliver safe and effective care. I would expect University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and all other NHS Trusts to ensure that their staffing arrangements, including weekend and overnight cover, are appropriate following the tragic death of Mr Brooks.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 12 June 2025

    Open published response
  2. Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent

    AI-generated summary

    Mrs Kathleen Booth · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mrs Kathleen Booth was admitted to hospital after a fall in her garden on 9 June 2023, sustaining a fractured neck of femur. Surgery was delayed for four days and, after the operation, she deteriorated suddenly and died. The concerns included staffing and funding pressures, limited weekend cover, and the potential disadvantage to patients injured on a Friday.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain sufficient staffing and funding capacity for timely surgery

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There was a 4 day delay in her receiving surgery due to NHS wide under staffing and underfunding; and wards having to undertake elective and emergency work at the same time. Additionally, the fact that the injury happened on a Friday, meaning less staff and experience was available. ”

    Source location

    Mrs Kathleen Booth · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure adequate and experienced staffing for Friday injuries

    Wider context from the report

    “1. There was a 4 day delay in her receiving surgery due to NHS wide under staffing and underfunding; and wards having to undertake elective and emergency work at the same time. Additionally, the fact that the injury happened on a Friday, meaning less staff and experience was available. ”

    Source location

    Mrs Kathleen Booth · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Increase urgent and emergency care capacity, including funding additional capacity and 5,000 new beds.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In January 2023, NHS England published the Delivery plan for recovering urgent and emergency care services. This is a two-year delivery plan which sets the NHS commitment to the public to improve waiting times and patient experience within urgent and emergency care (UEC). This includes commitments to:”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 28 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Train, retain and reform the NHS workforce through the Long Term Workforce Plan.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In June 2023, NHS England also published the NHS Long Term Workforce Plan, setting out how it will train, retain and reform its workforce across the next fifteen years”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 28 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Increase elective care capacity, prioritise diagnosis and treatment, transform care delivery, and improve patient information and support.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Elective care recovery also continues to be a priority for the NHS. In February 2023 the Delivery plan for tackling the Covid-19 backlog of elective care was published by NHS England. This focused on four areas of delivery to increase health service capacity, prioritise diagnosis and treatment, transform how we provide elective care and provide better information and support to patients. This is supported by a government spend of more than £8 billion between 2022/23 and 2024/25, including a £5.9 billion capital investment in new beds, equipment, and technology. Further priorities were set out in a letter to NHS acute Trusts in May 2023, which can be found here: NHS England » Elective care 2023/24 priorities.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 28 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop local workforce planning and distribute future training posts to match doctors’ supply with population need.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The NHS continues to encourage local health systems to develop effective workforce planning to ensure that they have the sufficient qualified staff working across their Trusts and wider system that are required for their population care needs. The NHS People Promise also helps NHS providers to consider ways to recruit and retain staff. Work is in progress to ensure that future distribution of training posts to help ensure the supply of doctors is matched to population need. You will need to refer to Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Integrated Care System on what system arrangements they have in place for their UEC provision and workforce.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 28 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate a dedicated fragility-fracture theatre list five days per week.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “However, the trust does annually review capacity and demand for all its services and based on one of these reviews and subsequent business case, on the 6 November 2023, the Trauma Directorate introduced a dedicated fragility fracture list, 5 days per week. This has seen a reduction in time to theatre for this cohort of patients since its inception. Capacity and demand also include the weekend provision and the division are preparing a business case to see if the demand over the weekend period requires the same on a Saturday also.”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 28 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement seven-day clinical standards and require acute trusts to provide board assurance of compliance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In 2013, NHS England published its 7-Day Hospital Services (7DS) Programme which introduced clinical standards regarding the provision of a “truly seven-day NHS” and requiring acute trusts to provide board assurance of compliance. The Programme focuses on the provision of acute medical care in such a way that there is no difference in quality for patients, whether it is a weekday or a weekend. There is a good level of compliance with these standards across acute trusts and many services and surgical and diagnostic lists are operating at weekends and evenings.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 1 · response
    Published 28 November 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Integrated Care System is responsible for local urgent and emergency care workforce arrangements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The NHS continues to encourage local health systems to develop effective workforce planning to ensure that they have the sufficient qualified staff working across their Trusts and wider system that are required for their population care needs. The NHS People Promise also helps NHS providers to consider ways to recruit and retain staff. Work is in progress to ensure that future distribution of training posts to help ensure the supply of doctors is matched to population need. You will need to refer to Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent Integrated Care System on what system arrangements they have in place for their UEC provision and workforce.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS England
    Page 2 · response
    Published 28 November 2023

    Open published response
  3. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Angela Sandra Ivina West · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Angela Sandra Ivina West had end stage kidney disease and underwent gall bladder removal surgery on 6 July 2017. She deteriorated over the following days, with tachycardia, acidosis, hyperkalaemia and hypovolemia, and died after suffering a cardiac arrest on 9 July 2017. Concerns included weekend staffing arrangements, her care on a general surgical ward, and the absence of fluid balance charts in relation to dehydration.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure appropriate staffing arrangements for high-risk postoperative care

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Ms West was identified as being at increased risk of surgical complication given her underlying kidney disease. Ms West’s surgery was listed for a Thursday. The effect of this was that much of her care in the period following her deterioration was dealt with under weekend staffing arrangements. ”

    Source location

    Angela Sandra Ivina West · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Enhance out-of-hours surgical cover to provide daily review of acute inpatients seven days a week.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The following has also been implemented to strengthen this aspect:”

    Source location

    2018-0212-Response-by-Barts-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 14 August 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Increase surgical department doctor numbers and maintain a broader mix of skills across shifts.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• The numbers of overall doctors in the surgery department have increased and there is a good mixture of skills sets throughout shifts.”

    Source location

    2018-0212-Response-by-Barts-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Seven-day operational coverage and prepared weekend staff are considered sufficient for high-risk surgery and postoperative care.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Royal London Hospital is fully operational over seven days and 24 hours; high risk surgery can be performed at any time including weekends. Elective high risk surgery has to be performed every day during the working week and weekend staff are fully prepared and set up for post-operative care of high risk surgeries. We recognise that these high standards need to be maintained for all patients and on all our acute surgery wards.”

    Source location

    2018-0212-Response-by-Barts-NHS-Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 14 August 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    General surgical wards, skilled staff, and daily renal-team availability are considered sufficient for managing high-risk renal patients.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “All our surgical wards expect to look after high risk patients and it’s not unusual to have renal patients such as Ms West on our wards as we have a large cohort of renal patients at the RLH as we are a large renal unit.”

    Source location

    2018-0212-Response-by-Barts-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 August 2018

    Open published response
  4. Staffordshire South

    AI-generated summary

    Gwendoline Edith Halfpenny · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Gwendoline Edith Halfpenny fell and broke her left arm on 1 September 2016, was admitted to County Hospital with bowel problems on 6 September, and died in hospital on 13 September after her condition deteriorated and major surgery was performed. The concerns were the lack of surgical cover at County Hospital and differences in monitoring systems, policies and equipment between County Hospital and the Royal Stoke University Hospital.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of surgical cover at County Hospital

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Soon after her arrival at County Hospital Mrs Halfpenny would have benefitted from surgical input. There was no surgical cover at County Hospital. Remote advice from RSUH is not the same as a surgical presence and I wonder if there should be a mid-grade surgical doctor at County Hospital. ”

    Source location

    Gwendoline Edith Halfpenny · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Realign surgical services so County Hospital has no inpatient general surgery and senior surgeons remain available on site through continuing day-case services.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. At the time of the integration of UHNS and MFST and the re-modelling of services following the closure of MFST, the University Hospitals of North Midlands undertook a substantial amount of work to ensure that services were reviewed and realigned to those sites more suitable to provide the best environment. As a result of this, with effect from 9 February 2015 there were to be no in-patient services at the County Hospital under the care of general surgery (including gastro-intestinal (GI), breast and vascular surgery). However, day case surgeries under other specialties continue to provide a service from this site, so senior surgeons are available.”

    Source location

    2017-0353-Response-by-University-Hospitals-of-North-Midlands-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce and operate a surgical referral procedure providing on-site consultant coverage, same-day review efforts, and direct referral access to the responsible consultant.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In February 2015 a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to address the surgical referral system was introduced and provides the following:”

    Source location

    2017-0353-Response-by-University-Hospitals-of-North-Midlands-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 February 2018

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing consultant surgeons and the surgical referral procedure provide surgical availability at County Hospital, so additional mid-grade surgical cover is not indicated.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. At the time of the integration of UHNS and MFST and the re-modelling of services following the closure of MFST, the University Hospitals of North Midlands undertook a substantial amount of work to ensure that services were reviewed and realigned to those sites more suitable to provide the best environment. As a result of this, with effect from 9 February 2015 there were to be no in-patient services at the County Hospital under the care of general surgery (including gastro-intestinal (GI), breast and vascular surgery). However, day case surgeries under other specialties continue to provide a service from this site, so senior surgeons are available.”

    Source location

    2017-0353-Response-by-University-Hospitals-of-North-Midlands-NHS-Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 11 February 2018

    Open published response
  5. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Jennifer Elsie RUSHWORTH · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    The circumstances of Jennifer Elsie Rushworth's death are not included in the supplied text. Concerns raised at the inquest included delays in cardiology review and surgery, insufficient surgical staffing, and questions about surgical clips used to clip blood vessels.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Insufficient surgeon capacity for laparoscopic surgery and urgent patient assessment

    Wider context from the report

    “Thirdly ████████ indicated that there are simply not enough surgeons dealing with this type of laparoscopic surgery and to deal with the number of patient's requiring their care. They are simply unavailable to perform these operations and therefore the operations are later than would often be desirable and this can of course have quite devastating effects. Finally he also indicated that they needed to be seeing this type of patient more urgently and again they cannot do this simply because there are insufficient surgeons available for the number of cases that they are expected to deal with. ”

    Source location

    Jennifer Elsie RUSHWORTH · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
Back to top

Data last updated 7 September 2026