Recurring concern

Unreliable recording of fluid balance information

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First reported 6 Nov 2013•Latest report 22 Dec 2025

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of the dedicated fluid-balance recording process, including records of intravenous fluids, fluid intake and output, and food or fluid offers and consumption, where the recording deficiency impairs reliable assessment of fluid status.

Not included

  • Excludes failures to administer prescribed fluids when the recording process itself is not deficient.
  • Excludes general poor maintenance of clinical or nursing records unrelated to fluid balance.
  • Excludes failures in fluid-balance assessment, escalation or treatment decisions unless they also involve unreliable fluid-balance recording.
Reports
46

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
50

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2013–2025

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
87

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Department of Health and Social Care6
University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust4
Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust3
Care Quality Commission3
NHS England3
Ashford and St Peter'S Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust2
General Medical Council2
Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust2
Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust2
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists2
Stockport NHS Foundation Trust2
Academy of Medical Royal Colleges1
Amberley Hall Care Home1
Athena Care Homes (UK) Limited1
Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Northamptonshire

    AI-generated summary

    Elaine Jean GRIFFITHS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Elaine Jean Griffiths died at Northampton General Hospital on 7 October 2022 from COVID pneumonitis, with congestive cardiac failure and a fall resulting in a fractured neck of femur also recorded. Concerns included incomplete fluid and diet charts, uncertainty about her gluten and dairy intolerance, limited suitable food options, and family-provided food not being recorded; the report states these matters were not causative of death in this case.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to accurately and completely record fluid and food intake

    Wider context from the report

    “Given the importance of accurately monitoring both fluid and food intake in this context, I have the following concerns albeit I did not find that these matters were causative of death in the present case:- A) The Ward Sister said in her evidence that “on occasional days, the fluid and diet charts were only partially completed”. B) There was confusion about whether or not Mrs G was gluten and dairy intolerant. A Mental Health Nurse recorded on 31.08.22 “she was eating and drinking poorly as she follows a gluten and dairy free diet and reported the ward only give her lentil casseroles”. However, the Consultant/Orthogeriatric said in his evidence “.she had very poor oral intake and family were insisting she had an allergy to gluten and lactose despite Mrs Griffiths denying this”. C) The family say that the choice of options for those with gluten and dairy intolerance and also requiring bite sized food was very limited, which disproportionately affects the elderly. D) The family say that the fluid and diet charts were not accurate as the family were bringing in food and this was not being recorded. As the charts were inaccurate, this would also have made it more difficult for the dietician to offer meaningful advice. ”

    Source location

    Elaine Jean GRIFFITHS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Use electronic fluid-balance charts in Nevercentre to improve accessibility, calculation and documentation accuracy.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Since June 2025, the fluid balance charts are available on Nerovcentre (NC), which is an electronic patient record (EPR). This has improved oversight of our patient documentation and enhanced accessibility for consulting teams. Fluid consumption is now electronically calculated and inputted, so that consulting teams can easily access the correct quantities.”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals of Northamptonshire
    Page 1 · response
    Published 24 February 2026

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Roll out updated food-and-fluid charts across both hospitals, including prompts for chart commencement, visitor-provided food and oral nutritional supplements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In 2025 our teams updated the Food and Fluid Charts used at NGH and plan to implement these at both NGH and Kettering General Hospital (KGH), the two acute hospitals within University Hospitals of Northamptonshire NHS Group. The improvements include the addition of prompts to indicate:”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals of Northamptonshire
    Page 1 · response
    Published 24 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Audit MUST completion and the accuracy of food-and-fluid charts through Nutrition Nurses and use findings to monitor compliance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As part of our ongoing audit process, staff complete the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and compliance with this is audited by our nutrition nurses. This also encompasses reviewing the accurate completion of the patient food and fluid balance charts as well as assessing whether appropriate actions have been followed based on the patient’s MUST score. A key finding from these audits is that the transferring of the fluid balance charts to NC has resulted in an improvement in timely and accurate completion of the MUST scores.”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals of Northamptonshire
    Page 1 · response
    Published 24 February 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver evaluated monthly nutrition and hydration training through the Clinical Skills Nursing Programme, including documentation standards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We are ensuring that our team of Dietitians and Nutrition Nurses continue to work collaboratively in order to develop and deliver monthly training sessions as part of the ongoing Clinical Skills Nursing Programme. These evaluated sessions, in place since January 2026, provide education on essential nutrition and hydration principles, including correct completion of documentation such as the food and fluid balance charts. In addition to this, the Trust appointed a Specialist Catering Dietitian in March 2025, who as part of their remit, they also deliver training for health care assistants and catering staff on nutrition and hydration standards.”

    Source location

    Response from University Hospitals of Northamptonshire
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 February 2026

    Open published response
  2. Lancashire and Blackburn with Darwen

    AI-generated summary

    Adrienne Caroline STUDHOLME · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Adrienne Caroline STUDHOLME died on 23 September 2023 at Royal Blackburn Hospital after readmission following a left nephrectomy, with a spontaneous splenic haemorrhage and rupture identified later that day and subsequent myocardial infarction. The report states that her death was contributed to by a delay in diagnosing and treating the splenic rupture. Concerns included inaccurate fluid-balance charts, seizure activity not being considered unless witnessed by staff, and the absence of procedures, standard operating practice, and training to ensure recent surgery was considered and communicated during emergency-department triage.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inaccurate fluid balance charting failing to account for all sources of fluid provision

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The fluid balance chart was found to be inaccurate. The evidence suggested that the accuracy of the chart relied on staff collecting and refilling empty water jugs and took no account of steps families may take to provide fluid ”

    Source location

    Adrienne Caroline STUDHOLME · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Test and develop risk-based fluid monitoring, including patient and family recording of fluid intake for inclusion in fluid balance charts.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Trust acknowledges that fluid monitoring is a recognised national challenge across the NHS. We are committed to addressing this issue locally and have implemented, and continue to develop, measures aimed at improving the accuracy and consistency of fluid balance monitoring within our services.”

    Source location

    Response from East Lancashire NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 October 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Monitor implementation of revised professional standards through internal assurance processes, escalating issues to the Quality Committee until embedded in business as usual.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It is accepted, however, that where clinical judgement indicates the possibility that a direct surgical complication may have arisen, then urgent contact with the surgical team is essential. Clinicians from the ED have been reminded of the importance of this, and clinicians from the surgical teams of the importance of prompt response. Indeed, a revised version of our internal professional standards for response has been developed, and the Trust commits to monitor these once implemented.”

    Source location

    Response from East Lancashire NHS Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 14 October 2025

    Open published response
  3. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    Emily · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Emily died at Bassetlaw DGH on 6 May 2024 after developing unrecognised dehydration, acute kidney injury, ileus and sub-acute small bowel obstruction following bowel surgery for Crohn’s disease. She experienced vomiting, aspiration pneumonitis and cardiac arrest, with the report identifying concerns about inadequate hydration assessment, fluid-balance recording, recognition of deterioration, clinical assessment and escalation, and response to family concerns. The report also raises concerns about clinical assessment in the Emergency Department before mental health referral or discharge home.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inaccurate and inadequate completion of fluid balance charts

    Wider context from the report

    “1. That patients on the wards at Bassetlaw DGH will have inadequate assessments of hydration status, and have inaccurate and inadequate completion of fluid balance charts ”

    Source location

    Emily · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct weekly fluid-balance audits with monthly matron oversight and ward-level action plans for non-compliance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Use of Tendable, the Trust’s audit and quality improvement application, enabling weekly audits and monthly oversight by the Matron. Non-compliance triggers ward-level action plans.”

    Source location

    Response from Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 August 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Transition to electronic fluid-balance charting to improve accuracy and provide real-time oversight.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Transition to electronic fluid balance charting, enhancing accuracy and enabling real-time oversight.”

    Source location

    Response from Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 August 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver ongoing education and training on fluid balance and hydration assessment through Medicine and Quality Improvement teams.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Ongoing education and training initiatives led by the Division of Medicine in collaboration with the Quality Improvement team.”

    Source location

    Response from Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 August 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement the AKI Care Bundle, including electronic prompts for fluid-balance charting, in pilot areas.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Implementation of an Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Care Bundle within the electronic patient record system in pilot areas. This includes prompts for fluid balance chart initiation and completion. Early evaluation indicates improved monitoring, with full Trust-wide rollout planned for February 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 August 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Roll out the AKI Care Bundle across the Trust in February 2026.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Implementation of an Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Care Bundle within the electronic patient record system in pilot areas. This includes prompts for fluid balance chart initiation and completion. Early evaluation indicates improved monitoring, with full Trust-wide rollout planned for February 2026.”

    Source location

    Response from Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 August 2025

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Host a multidisciplinary Gastroenterology Masterclass addressing comprehensive nutrition and hydration assessment and fluid-intake monitoring.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Additionally, the Division of Medicine are hosting a Gastroenterology Masterclass on 7 October 2025, focusing on multi-disciplinary training. A key component was the importance of comprehensive nutrition and hydration assessments for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including accurate fluid input/output monitoring.”

    Source location

    Response from Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 29 August 2025

    Open published response
  4. Blackpool and the Fylde

    AI-generated summary

    Brian Kneale · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Brian Kneale, aged 70, attended hospital after more than a week of illness, including vomiting and worsening shortness of breath, and died on 29 June 2024. The report records concerns that he received fluids contributing to worsening heart failure and that fluid balance monitoring and recording were not sufficiently accurate, leaving clinicians without important information and affecting the reliability of internal hospital reviews.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inaccurate recording of fluid balances for internal hospital reviews

    Wider context from the report

    “3. Inaccurate recording of fluid balances can leave the authors of internal hospital reviews without the information they require to ensure the correct lessons are learned. ”

    Source location

    Brian Kneale · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Roll out the newly developed Trust fluid-balance chart across the organisation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A new fluid balance chart has been developed for the Trust which includes colour coding for faster identification, an Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) staging section, a section for evidencing escalation of concerns and balances > or < 1000mls, a section for highlighting fluid restrictions, a section on national quality measures and a list of nephrotoxic/nephrosensitive medications to support medicines management for patients with AKI. This will shortly be rolled out across the Trust.”

    Source location

    Response from Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 24 January 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement trialled risk-stratified fluid monitoring with mandatory dynamic daily risk assessment.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The final driver for this workstream is around accurate fluid balance monitoring in patients who require it. This involves risk stratifying fluid balance monitoring based on individual patient’s needs, ensuring there is a minimum of 4 hourly monitoring for those who require fluid balance monitoring and ensuring outputs are monitored and documented accurately. Also importantly, ensuring that discrepancies in fluid balance are escalated appropriately.”

    Source location

    Response from Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 January 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish a lead team to update the Trust fluid-balance policy using Quality Improvement recommendations.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Our next steps on our improvement journey in relation to fluid balance monitoring includes setting up a Lead team to update the Trust’s Fluid Balance policy which will adopt the recommendations from our Quality Improvement projects.”

    Source location

    Response from Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 24 January 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Operate the launched Clinical Community to scale, spread and embed fluid-balance improvements across the organisation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A Clinical Community has been launched in February 2025, with an aim to scale, spread and embed the fluid balance work across the organisation.”

    Source location

    Response from Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 24 January 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Introduce mandatory afternoon checks and QR-code guidance to reinforce fluid-balance policy changes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The new Trust policy will also include mandatory afternoon checks and there will be a widespread introduction which will be accompanied by a QR code for staff, to reinforce changes and expectations.”

    Source location

    Response from Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 24 January 2025

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Maintain organisation-wide line of sight over fluid-balance chart completion through the updated record-keeping audit methodology.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Although the Trust has had in place a Record Keeping Audit for a number of years, the methodology has been reviewed and updated to ensure that from 1 April 2025 direct line of sight on the completion of fluid balance charts is maintained across the organisation. This will enhance the local audits in place within the Emergency Department such as the Care and Consistency audits which reviews fluid balance on a daily basis.”

    Source location

    Response from Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 24 January 2025

    Open published response
  5. Worcestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Kelly Marie STEVENS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Kelly Stevens, who had profound learning and physical disabilities and received nutrition, hydration and medication via a PEG tube, was admitted to hospital on 28 December 2023. She suffered a seizure on 3 January 2024 caused by an excessively low, unrecognised sodium level, aspirated vomit, developed aspiration pneumonia and died in hospital later that night. Concerns included the absence of clear overall consultant responsibility, failure to monitor electrolytes and record fluid intake and output properly, and the copying of outdated care plans in her notes.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to properly record fluid intake and output on fluid balance charts

    Wider context from the report

    “3) There was no proper recording of Ms. Stevens’ fluid intake and output on fluid balance charts for most of her hospital admission. For the reasons set out at 2) above, this was vitally important in her case; ”

    Source location

    Kelly Marie STEVENS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share Trust-wide learning and required actions to improve fluid-balance documentation in the electronic patient record.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3) There have been multiple actions to improve fluid balance records:”

    Source location

    Response from Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 September 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide ward-based education on nutrition, hydration, MUST assessment and fluid-balance recording through induction, specialist training and HCA study days.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Additional opportunities for education around nutrition and hydration are included throughout the ward: ○ Local induction to the ward for Healthcare Assistants (HCA) covers MUST and fluid balance; this is an informal local training and is completed with the Band 6. ○ Fluid balance training provided by the Acute Kidney Injury nurse. ○ Rolling HCA study day programme which includes MUST and nutritional risk. ○ Due to changes with fluid balance and the introduction of EPR, the Division recognise there is a gap in training; the Division are currently formulating a training package to be delivered locally.”

    Source location

    Response from Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 September 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and deliver a local training package addressing fluid-balance and electronic-record changes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• Additional opportunities for education around nutrition and hydration are included throughout the ward: ○ Local induction to the ward for Healthcare Assistants (HCA) covers MUST and fluid balance; this is an informal local training and is completed with the Band 6. ○ Fluid balance training provided by the Acute Kidney Injury nurse. ○ Rolling HCA study day programme which includes MUST and nutritional risk. ○ Due to changes with fluid balance and the introduction of EPR, the Division recognise there is a gap in training; the Division are currently formulating a training package to be delivered locally.”

    Source location

    Response from Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS
    Page 2 · response
    Published 25 September 2024

    Open published response
  6. Surrey

    AI-generated summary

    Wendy HAMMON · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mrs Wendy Hammon was admitted to hospital on 30 August 2022 with abdominal pain, vomiting and a small bowel obstruction caused by adhesions from previous surgery. She developed mesenteric ischaemia and multi-organ failure and died on 9 September 2022. The court was concerned that rising CRP was not recognised, fluid input and output charts were inadequate, and NEWS2 scores were often incomplete, with no reassurance that these matters had been addressed.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inadequate recording of fluid input and output

    Wider context from the report

    “2. The fluid input and output charts completed for Mrs Hammon were inadequate and could not be relied upon to accurately assess her fluid input and output. ”

    Source location

    Wendy HAMMON · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 6 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Disseminate a quick reference guide explaining how to manage parenteral nutrition entries in the electronic fluid-balance chart.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It was identified that the fluid balance area of the EPR does not automatically populate the fluid balance chart when parenteral nutrition is commenced. To manage this a quick reference guide (QRG) - appendix 1 - was developed and widely disseminated throughout the Trust. Fluid Management is a high priority on the list of projects for the Medication Administration Process within EPR which will commence in October 2024 following an EPR system upgrade. The Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration (EPMA) Pharmacists are undertaking work as part of a Discovery Phase to provide the EPR team with the fullest information to enable them to proceed. The EPR team will work with Subject Matter Experts (SME) to understand what needs to feed through to the fluid balance chart.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

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    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct the electronic fluid-balance discovery work with subject-matter experts to define required data feeds.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “It was identified that the fluid balance area of the EPR does not automatically populate the fluid balance chart when parenteral nutrition is commenced. To manage this a quick reference guide (QRG) - appendix 1 - was developed and widely disseminated throughout the Trust. Fluid Management is a high priority on the list of projects for the Medication Administration Process within EPR which will commence in October 2024 following an EPR system upgrade. The Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration (EPMA) Pharmacists are undertaking work as part of a Discovery Phase to provide the EPR team with the fullest information to enable them to proceed. The EPR team will work with Subject Matter Experts (SME) to understand what needs to feed through to the fluid balance chart.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct a gap analysis to identify updates needed to improve fluid-balance-chart accessibility and viewing.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A gap analysis will follow this to identify the updates needed to improve the accessibility and the viewing of the fluid balance chart. A secondary project to implement clinical support decisions to help the identification of patients who are at risk of hydration or renal issues will also be required.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide fluid-balance recording training through induction, student workbooks, preceptorship, and ward-based clinical education.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “New clinical staff to the Trust have training in accurate monitoring of fluid balance as part of the induction training (for Health Care Support Workers, newly registered nurses, and Internationally Educated Nurses). This training forms part of the Care Certificate for Health Care support workers and the Preceptorship competencies of newly registered nurses and internationally educated nurses. Student Nurses allocated to the Trust receive additional training on induction which consists of a workbook that includes how to complete fluid charts and the importance of accurate fluid balance records for patient care. Ward based Clinical Practice Educators work alongside staff with all aspects of nursing care including accurate recording of fluid balance and how to record this on the EPR.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reinforce fluid-balance practice through daily safety huddles and recurring ward handover topics.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The importance of fluid balance has been discussed at daily safety huddles across the wards. This has also been a focus of the ward’s ‘Big 3’ where three important topics that are the focus for a week are discussed at all handovers and will be repeated at intervals until embedded in practice.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Set ward times for recording catheter, drain, and nasogastric-tube outputs and monitor chart-review compliance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “One ward has implemented a set time for emptying catheters, drains, and NG tubes to ensure output is recorded. Staff are expected to review charts before the end of each shift and the ward manager is monitoring compliance with this. The ward is also working on a quality improvement project to improve patient oral hydration and fluid balance. Both of these quality improvement initiatives will be rolled out across the Trust once their benefit and success are evaluated.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Carry out a ward quality-improvement project to improve oral hydration and fluid balance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “One ward has implemented a set time for emptying catheters, drains, and NG tubes to ensure output is recorded. Staff are expected to review charts before the end of each shift and the ward manager is monitoring compliance with this. The ward is also working on a quality improvement project to improve patient oral hydration and fluid balance. Both of these quality improvement initiatives will be rolled out across the Trust once their benefit and success are evaluated.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide ward-focused tea-trolley education on accurate fluid-balance recording.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The divisional Clinical Practice Educators are providing ward focused education in the form of tea trolley training to ensure all staff are educated in the accurate recording of fluid balance.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review fluid-balance charts during weekly senior-nurse care rounds.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Review of fluid balance charts forms part of the weekly care round where senior nurses visit each ward providing support and guidance in completing all aspects of the patient’s EPR.”

    Source location

    Response from Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals
    Page 2 · response
    Published 5 August 2024

    Open published response
  7. South Wales Central

    AI-generated summary

    Clara Novella Winter · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Clara Novella Winter underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and subsequently developed an incarcerated ischaemic bowel with perforation, requiring emergency surgery. She died on 19 November 2022 after being unable to recover. Concerns were raised about post-operative care, including the timeliness of escalation and maintenance of fluid balance charts; related staff training had not been fully rolled out because of resourcing issues.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain fluid balance charts

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The Health Board accepted that significant learning was required by staff regarding timeliness of escalation and maintenance of fluid balance charts and recommended that all registered nurses from surgical wards should attend an ‘Acutely Unwell’ study day, before the end of 2023. 2. This ‘significant learning’ has not been fully rolled out due to resourcing issues. No completion date could be provided to me because the training is not considered to be compulsory. ”

    Source location

    Clara Novella Winter · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  8. West Sussex, Brighton and Hove

    AI-generated summary

    Orlando NOVA DAVIS · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Orlando Nova DAVIS suffered an irreversible brain injury after his mother developed unrecognised hyponatremia and seizures during labour, restricting oxygen before his birth. He died aged 14 days on 24 September 2021; the principal concerns were a lack of recognition and understanding of hyponatremia among midwives and clinicians, and inaccurate recording of fluid input and output despite additional fluids being given.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to keep accurate records of fluid input and output

    Wider context from the report

    “Orlando was caused an irreversible brain injury when his mother suffered a seizure having developed hyponatremia during her labour. The concern is that the midwifes (in the community and in the hosptial, who had cared for Orlando’s mother) were completely unaware of this potential condition developing in birthing women. In this case due to Orlando developing a tachicardia during labour Orlando’s mothers was actively encouraged to take in more fluid yet there was no accurate record kept of either input or output of fluid. Again when in hospital further fluids were given intravenously with no recognition of any potential risk of hyponatremia developing by the midwives or the Doctor on duty. ”

    Source location

    Orlando NOVA DAVIS · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Oversee further fluid-balance audits across all maternity birth settings and receive the results through perinatal quality surveillance arrangements.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Both Trusts are also auditing compliance with the completion of fluid balance charts, and we have requested another audit is completed before the end of the year. A leaflet has been developed advising mothers about fluid intake in early labour. The leaflet has been published by UHSx and a publication is being considered by ESHT for inclusion on their website.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Sussex
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 May 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Request completion of an additional fluid-balance compliance audit before the end of the year.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Both Trusts are also auditing compliance with the completion of fluid balance charts, and we have requested another audit is completed before the end of the year. A leaflet has been developed advising mothers about fluid intake in early labour. The leaflet has been published by UHSx and a publication is being considered by ESHT for inclusion on their website.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Sussex
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 May 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Approach NICE to suggest an addendum to the Intrapartum care guideline addressing hyponatraemia risks, fluid balance monitoring and related neonatal notification.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The RCOG is committed to improving the standard of care provided for women by working collaboratively with all stakeholders and in response to this matter, the RCOG will approach NICE to suggest an addendum to their Intrapartum care guideline: NG235 along the following lines:”

    Source location

    Response from Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 May 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    At the time, applicable guidance did not require accurate fluid-balance monitoring during labour.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “There are two particular issues that arise from HM Coroners concerns regarding the care of ████████ and Orlando Nova Davis during labour. The first is regarding the failure of the midwives to monitor fluid balance and to record the fluids accurately during labour in the community and in Hospital, although we are advised by UHSx that the guidance at the time did not require accurate monitoring of fluid balance during labour, and the second is the lack of knowledge and education amongst both doctors and midwives in relation to the rare complication of hyponatraemia in labour.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Sussex
    Page 2 · response
    Published 9 May 2024

    Open published response
  9. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    MORGAN-ROSE HART · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Morgan-Rose Hart, who was detained on a female mental health ward, died on 12 July 2022 after being found unresponsive with a ligature around her neck. The report identified concerns about missed and falsified observations, failures to complete physical welfare checks after bathroom alerts, inadequate escalation of risk, shortcomings in investigation and record keeping, and insufficient suitable placements for people with autism and mental health and self-harm risks in Essex.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Omissions in required food and fluid chart recording

    Wider context from the report

    “(5) Trust oversight of care – the quality of record keeping was acknowledged not to be appropriate by nurses and senior staff during evidence, yet had been signed off: a. Observations sheets for vulnerable detained mental patients were signed off by nurses in charge as being appropriate despite an absence of any recorded therapeutic engagement b. Omissions in the recording of food and fluid charts required by the Responsible Clinician for a patient who was losing weight with a diagnosis of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. c. The Responsible Clinician’s evidence was that the absence of appropriate food and fluid charts for other patients was an ongoing issue on Chelmer Ward that had been raised with nursing staff ”

    Source location

    MORGAN-ROSE HART · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 4 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide Food and Fluid Refresher training to inpatient nursing staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “All inpatient nursing staff are completing the Food and Fluid Refresher training delivered by the Professional Development Team.”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 7 · response
    Published 28 December 2023

    Open published response
  10. Norfolk

    AI-generated summary

    Geoffrey Alan WHATLING · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Geoffrey Alan Whatling entered Amberley Hall Care Home for rehabilitation and later became unwell, with deteriorating NEWS2 scores leading to hospital admission on 10 April 2023. He died on 26 April 2023, with the medical cause of death recorded as infective exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with frailty and old age. Concerns included incomplete food and fluid records, failures to call emergency services when required, inadequate observation frequency, and gaps in care-record documentation and follow-up.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Incomplete food and fluid charting

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Mr Whatling was not eating and drinking very much. A food and fluid chart was not fully completed. ”

    Source location

    Geoffrey Alan WHATLING · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026