Recurring concern

Unreliable CT scan request and escalation processes

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First reported 2 Jul 2014•Latest report 26 Feb 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures in the dedicated CT scan request process, including request criteria and acceptance, multidisciplinary or radiology decision-making, escalation when requests are declined or disputed, out-of-hours requesting arrangements, communication between requesting clinicians and radiology, and records that make request decisions traceable.

Not included

  • Excludes failures limited to CT scan access, scanner capacity or delays after a request has been appropriately accepted unless the assertion also concerns the request and escalation process.
  • Excludes failures in interpreting, reviewing or acting on CT results after the request process has operated reliably.
  • Excludes deficiencies in general clinical guidance for deciding whether CT is indicated when no failure in the CT-request process or its escalation arrangements is identified.
  • Excludes patient-identification, contrast-administration and traction-specific CT safety controls unless the assertion directly concerns CT request or escalation arrangements.
Reports
7

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
9

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2014–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
6

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

Barts Health NHS Trust1
Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services1
Betsi Cadwaladr University LHB1
Department of Health and Social Care1
HCA Healthcare UK1
NHS England1
Royal Berkshire Hospital1
Royal Bolton Hospital1
Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust1
Ysbyty Gwynedd1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. East London

    AI-generated summary

    Urmila Patel · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Urmila Patel, aged 78, was admitted to hospital with suspected sepsis and later fell in a ward toilet on 29 June 2025. She subsequently deteriorated and died in hospital on 7 July 2025 after a CT scan identified a significant subdural haematoma. The concerns included inadequate falls-risk assessment, mobility care planning, supervision, assessment for intracranial bleeding, timely CT referral, and review of her warfarin after the fall.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to make decisive urgent CT head scan referrals

    Wider context from the report

    “1. The failure of nurses on the ward to instigate an adequate falls risk assessment of Mrs Patel. 2. The failure of nursing staff on the ward to produce a meaningful care-plan for Mrs Patel’s mobility. 3. The failure of Trust staff to note a fall on 23rd June 2025 and reassess risk of falls. 4. The failure of nursing staff on the ward to monitor and supervise Mrs Patel on the afternoon of 29th June 2025. 5. The failure of Trust staff to adequately assess the likelihood of a traumatic intra-cranial bleed following the fall on 29th June 2025. 6. The failure of the duty doctor to act decisively and refer Mrs Patel for an urgent CT Head scan on 29th June 2025. 7. The failure of the duty doctor to review Mrs Patel’s warfarin prescription after the fall. 8. The failure of ward staff on the ward round on 30th June 2025 to read the clinical records from the previous day to alert them to Mrs Patel’s fall on 29th June 2025. ”

    Source location

    Urmila Patel · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Implement a mandatory post-inpatient-fall medical review bundle and standardised proforma covering neurological assessment, imaging, anticoagulation, medication review and senior escalation.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “A mandatory post-inpatient fall medical review care bundle has been implemented, supported by a standardised proforma. This provides a structured framework for clinical assessment and decision-making following a fall.”

    Source location

    Response from Barts Health NHS Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 3 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share case learning through medical and nursing governance forums and reinforce it through simulation training on deterioration, imaging and anticoagulation safety.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Learning from this case has been shared through medical and nursing governance forums and reinforced through simulation-based training focusing on deterioration, imaging decisions, and anticoagulation safety.”

    Source location

    Response from Barts Health NHS Trust
    Page 3 · response
    Published 3 March 2026

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    NHS England, which oversees the issues raised, is responsible for responding directly to the Prevention of Future Deaths report.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Given the concerns you have raised I feel it is important that you receive a response directly from NHS England as it has oversight for the issues you raise. Therefore, my officials have contacted NHS England who have agreed to respond to you directly about the Prevention of Future Death report concerning Mrs Patel.”

    Source location

    Response from Department of Health and Social Care
    Page 1 · response
    Published 3 March 2026

    Open published response
  2. Manchester South

    AI-generated summary

    Winifred Mary Wardle · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Winifred Mary Wardle was admitted to hospital with vomiting and an undiagnosed intestinal problem; an incarcerated hernia was identified by CT scan after delays in obtaining the scan. She underwent surgery, aspirated stomach contents immediately beforehand, developed pneumonia, and died after active treatment was withdrawn. The substantive concerns related to the lack of a clear multidisciplinary protocol for CT scan requests, radiology decision-making and escalation processes, and incomplete records of those decisions.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Absence of a clear multidisciplinary protocol for CT scan requests

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) There appears to be an absence within the Tameside General Hospital of a clear protocol for a multi-disciplinary approach to CT scan requests; (2) The on-call radiologist appears to be the ultimate decision-maker in relation to CT scan requests, even where ward-level doctors require urgent clarity from CT scans to achieve a diagnosis; (3) The lines of escalation where a request for a CT scan is not accepted by the radiology department are not clearly known or understood at ward-level, even by consultants; and (4) The records of the decision-making process concerning CT scan requests are not comprehensive so as to provide a clear account. ”

    Source location

    Winifred Mary Wardle · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to maintain comprehensive records of decision-making on CT scan requests

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) There appears to be an absence within the Tameside General Hospital of a clear protocol for a multi-disciplinary approach to CT scan requests; (2) The on-call radiologist appears to be the ultimate decision-maker in relation to CT scan requests, even where ward-level doctors require urgent clarity from CT scans to achieve a diagnosis; (3) The lines of escalation where a request for a CT scan is not accepted by the radiology department are not clearly known or understood at ward-level, even by consultants; and (4) The records of the decision-making process concerning CT scan requests are not comprehensive so as to provide a clear account. ”

    Source location

    Winifred Mary Wardle · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure clear and understood escalation routes for rejected CT scan requests

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) There appears to be an absence within the Tameside General Hospital of a clear protocol for a multi-disciplinary approach to CT scan requests; (2) The on-call radiologist appears to be the ultimate decision-maker in relation to CT scan requests, even where ward-level doctors require urgent clarity from CT scans to achieve a diagnosis; (3) The lines of escalation where a request for a CT scan is not accepted by the radiology department are not clearly known or understood at ward-level, even by consultants; and (4) The records of the decision-making process concerning CT scan requests are not comprehensive so as to provide a clear account. ”

    Source location

    Winifred Mary Wardle · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  3. Manchester West

    AI-generated summary

    Charlotte Ann ROSCOE · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Charlotte Ann ROSCOE attended hospital with chest pains and was discharged after a VQ scan found no pulmonary embolism. She was found deceased at home the following day; post-mortem examination identified haemopericardium caused by rupture and dissection of the ascending aorta. Concerns included the missed opportunity to detect the aortic dissection by CT, reliance on outdated observations at discharge, and unclear processes for specifying and communicating scan requests with radiology.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to liaise with radiology when a preferred scan type requires discussion

    Wider context from the report

    “2. Evidence was received from a doctor who referred the deceased for a scan, that she had thought she had requested a CTPA to be undertaken, but the form that was used was a request for an “acute pulmonary embolus investigation” which meant that the request would be vetted and an appropriate mode of scan arranged following consideration by a radiologist. It was stated by the doctor that it would not be normal to speak to radiology regarding a request for a scan. 3. In evidence from a radiologist it was stated that a medical clinician would be expected to speak to a radiologist if there was any preference for a type of scan to be undertaken so this could be discussed. It appeared to me that the use of the correct form, need to be specific, provide rationale for a specific type of scan request, and liaising with radiology as appropriate was not appreciated in this case. As above, given that there was no radiographer involved in the After Action Report or action raised, it is unclear if this matter has been considered, or any actions taken to prevent future confusion. ”

    Source location

    Charlotte Ann ROSCOE · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Share learning about considering CTPA instead of VQ scans for suspected pulmonary embolism with Radiology through governance processes.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The AAR was approved through the Divisional Governance Board, which is the standard governance process. The potential area of learning regarding whether a CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA) scan should be considered in place of a VQ scan for all patients suspected as having a PE, was shared with radiology via the Diagnostic and Support Services Division governance processes for their consideration. The AAR was then disclosed to HM Coroner as per the usual disclosure processes.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Bolton
    Page 3 · response
    Published 26 November 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    The established PE referral pathway and radiologist-led modality selection were considered sufficient; clinician-radiologist discussion is required only when departing from protocol or guidance.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The request card/form used in the ED is for a referral for a scan to exclude PE. The radiologists are the experts who determine the modality based on the Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R); the technical nature of the imaging and the clinical question posed. The form used clearly states that the scan is to exclude a PE and is not a specific form used to request a specific scan or modality. This form has been used in the trust for several years.”

    Source location

    Response from NHS Bolton
    Page 3 · response
    Published 26 November 2024

    Open published response
  4. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Brian John COLBY · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Brian Colby was an in-patient recovering from elective surgery and receiving treatment for aspiration pneumonia when he suffered a spontaneous catastrophic intracranial event on 16 September 2023; he died later that evening after being transferred for assessment and placed on a palliative care pathway. The principal concerns were delays and ineffective communication in recognising and escalating his deterioration, arranging an urgent CT scan, communicating clinical plans, and recording urgent matters. The report also raised concerns about unclear escalation and record-keeping procedures and whether further training had adequately addressed clinicians’ authority to initiate CT scan arrangements.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to ensure resident doctors understand their authority to commence CT scan ordering

    Wider context from the report

    “(3) On 16 September 2023, the ICU fellow did not arrange a CT scan their self for Mr Colby. I heard that this was because the ICU fellow was working under the mistaken belief that only a consultant could order a CT scan in the private sector. Other evidence confirmed that this was clearly not the case. I heard evidence that, “the authority of resident doctors to commence the scan ordering process in advance of a consultant discussion has now been re-emphasised across the Resident Doctor Training Group.” However, when I heard evidence from the ICU fellow, on 22 May 2024, that clinician remained of the view that they did not have the authority to authorise/commence a CT scan. There was a delay in Mr Colby being sent for a scan as a result, albeit there were other delays for different reasons. I am not reassured that the additional training in this regard is having the desired effect and consider that the risk may well remain. ”

    Source location

    Brian John COLBY · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Reinforce urgent deterioration escalation through Resident Doctor communications, safety alerts, telephone or face-to-face consultant contact, and appropriate diagnostic-test ordering.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “1. Communications to all Resident Doctors as well as an Internal safety alert circulated reinforcing escalation protocols; when Resident Doctors are concerned about a deteriorating patient, these concerns must be escalated to the consultant responsible for the patient as soon as possible via a phone call or face to face conversation. We have ensured that all clinical departments have acknowledged the alert as being read and understood. | 20 June 2024; 10 July 2024 | Completed”

    Source location

    Response from HCA Healthcare
    Page 4 · response
    Published 28 June 2024

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver Resident Doctor workshops covering escalation protocols, inquest learning, responsibilities, and responding to deteriorating patients.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4. Roll out of Resident Doctors Workshops; These training workshops ran over 3 sessions throughout July 2024 for all Resident Doctors and included learning from Mr Colby’s inquest as well as a reiteration of all HCA protocols and policies relating to escalation and responding to the deteriorating patient. We have also reiterated the importance of escalating to a Consultant as soon as possible when a patient is noted to be deteriorating.”

    Source location

    Response from HCA Healthcare
    Page 5 · response
    Published 28 June 2024

    Open published response
  5. Berkshire

    AI-generated summary

    Michael James NYE · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Michael James Nye attended the Royal Berkshire Hospital with sepsis caused by a Streptococcus A skin and soft tissue infection, but was initially diagnosed with an upper arm DVT. His condition deteriorated and he suffered two cardiac arrests, with his death verified on 15 November 2022. Concerns included delays in blood tests, CT scanning, escalation to the Intensive Care Unit and prescribing antibiotics, as well as overcrowding, inadequate escalation arrangements and training needs concerning atypical sepsis.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Burdensome and time-consuming out-of-hours CT scan requesting system

    Wider context from the report

    “b. The burdensome and time consuming out of hours system for clinicians requesting CT scans from an external provider; ”

    Source location

    Michael James NYE · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Improve the time from Emergency Department CT request to reported result through a quality improvement project.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “In addition we are undertaking a quality improvement project, as part of our improving together approach, focused on time from request to reported results of CT scans for patients in the Emergency department. Currently 78% of all ED CT scans are completed and reported within 3 hours of the request.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 22 February 2024

    Open published response
  6. South Yorkshire (Western)

    AI-generated summary

    Mrs Elizabeth Glen Self · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mrs Elizabeth Glen Self was admitted to hospital following a heart attack and later suffered a serious fall after becoming entangled in a line attached to her left leg. Injuries were not immediately recognised, and there were delays of more than thirteen hours in dealing with requested x-rays and a CT scan. The concerns included inadequate training in making x-ray requests, a possible breakdown in communications, and systems that allowed imaging requests to remain unresolved for hours.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure of systems to ensure timely resolution of x-ray and CT requests

    Wider context from the report

    “a) A moderately senior doctor had put in not one but two x-ray requests that had to be rejected which is suggestive of a lack of necessary training b) A valid CT request had laid unattended for a full morning, the reasons for which were never established but the hospitals own investigation report team formed an impression of a breakdown in communications. c) The overall circumstances were such that neither requests was actually completed until more than thirteen hours after what was a significant fall. The inquest found this to be a criticism of the system then in place rather than of particular individuals. In essence my concern is that those inspecting hospitals in other places should include in their programme establishing that senior staff do actually know how to make a proper x-ray request which will not therefore be rejected and checking systems to ensure that x-ray and CT requests cannot go for a period of hours without resolution. ”

    Source location

    Mrs Elizabeth Glen Self · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  7. North Wales (East and Central)

    AI-generated summary

    Ronald Perry · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Ronald Perry attended Glan Clwyd Hospital on 17 January 2014, was discharged after examination, then collapsed several hours later and could not be resuscitated after readmission. Evidence at the inquest indicated that a CT scan might probably have detected his aneurysm, and raised concern about inconsistent criteria for requesting CT scans outside normal hours and at weekends, creating continuing risks to patients.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Inconsistent criteria for requesting CT scans outside standard hours and at weekends

    Wider context from the report

    “During the course of the inquest, evidence given by ████████ ████████ indicated that had the Deceased undergone a CT scan then it is probable that his aneurysm would have been detected and that he would have undergone surgery. However different criteria exist within BCUHB by which CT scans can be requested by clinicians dependent upon the time of day (before or after 5.00 pm) or whether such a request is made at a weekend. That unless steps are taken to provide consistency within the levels of care provided to patients on a 24 hour basis then there will be continuing risks to patients "out of hours" and may lead to future deaths. ”

    Source location

    Ronald Perry · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Existing emergency on-call arrangements ensure life-threatening CT referrals receive urgent scanning at any time, regardless of whether it is within normal working hours.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The Radiology service at all three district general hospital’s in North Wales operates a full service Monday to Friday 8.30 am to 5.30pm with some scanning lists being extended into the evenings. This comprises of lists with booked outpatients, urgent suspected cancer patients, inpatients and clinical emergencies. At all other times a general X-ray service is offered alongside an emergency on call service for CT and ultrasound scanning. The emergency on call service is provided on a consultant to consultant basis for all cases where scanning is required to diagnose an emergency or life threatening condition.”

    Source location

    2014-0302-Response-by-University-Health-Board
    Page 1 · response
    Published 2 July 2014

    Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026