Recurring concern

Failure to call an ambulance promptly when emergency assistance is required

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First reported 1 Aug 2013•Latest report 27 Jan 2026

Definition

What this concern includes

Includes failures of the dedicated process for recognising the need for emergency ambulance assistance and initiating the call without avoidable delay, including delays caused by repeat observations, seeking managerial approval, uncertainty about the threshold for calling, or prioritising other tasks.

Not included

  • Excludes delays in ambulance attendance, dispatch, travel or hospital handover after the ambulance has been called.
  • Excludes emergency call-handling, triage or ambulance-resource failures where the issue is not the prompt initiation of the ambulance call.
  • Excludes generic emergency-response delays or failures that do not specifically concern calling an ambulance.
  • Excludes failures to provide advice or care while awaiting an ambulance when the ambulance call itself was made promptly.
Reports
37

Distinct published reports

Individual concerns
42

A report can raise multiple concerns

Date range
2013–2026

First to latest report issue date

Stated actions
46

Described in published responses

Reports over time

Reports over time

Reports about this concern issued each year.

* 2026 is projected from reports observed to 7 Sep 2026.

Most frequent recipients

Most frequent recipients

Reports about this concern sent to each recipient.

HM Prison and Probation Service4
Department of Health and Social Care3
Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust3
Care Quality Commission2
Ministry of Justice2
NHS England2
Barchester Healthcare Limited1
Borough Care Ltd1
Care UK1
Care UK Limited1
Castlehill Specialist Care Centre1
Cheshire Peaks & Plains Housing Trust Limited1
Corbett House Nursing Home1
Cygnet Behavioural Health Limited1
Devon & Cornwall Police1

Concerns and responses across reports

Only concerns grouped under this recurring concern are included. Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

  1. Essex

    AI-generated summary

    Sharon Elizabeth Langley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Sharon Elizabeth Langley, an inpatient with Severe Depressive Disorder and Psychosis, died by immersion in water while unsupervised in an assisted bathroom at Princess Alexandra Hospital on 10 August 2019. The principal concerns included failures in the immediate emergency response, inadequate communication and coordination, shortcomings in bathroom and high-risk-area safety measures, confusion about bath-plug controls, unreliable investigation and learning processes, and inadequate record keeping and risk documentation.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in calling emergency services and relaying basic emergency information

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Essex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust staff immediate emergency response was not followed: a. pinpoint alarms were not activated immediately on finding Sharon Langley unresponsive b. there was a delay calling the ambulance and basic key information about the type of the emergency was not relayed: i. by qualified nurses who made the 999 calls, or ii. to paramedics on attendance c. there was a delay informing the site co-ordinator of the emergency even though she was based on the ward and there was a lack of co-ordination of the emergency resulting in the ambulance being called a second time by the site co-ordinator d. staff trained in basic life support did not assist the two nurses who were attempting to resuscitate Sharon Langley ”

    Source location

    Sharon Elizabeth Langley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver drop-in refresher life-support training for clinical and administrative staff, emphasizing immediate help-seeking and pinpoint-alarm use.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- EPUT’s Head of Deteriorating Patient Pathways and Resuscitation Training Officer is working closely with mental health wards to facilitate drop-in ‘refresher’ life support training for clinical and administrative staff dealing with emergency situations. During”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 1 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct a medical-emergency simulation with Derwent Centre staff and share incident learning for incorporation into current training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- The issue of calling for help as soon as possible is also shared during the weekly ‘virtual’ drop-in sessions which focus on the deteriorating patient. Head of Deteriorating Patient Pathways and Resuscitation Training Officer will continue to work with staff at the Derwent Centre to conduct a medical emergency simulation with the team and the importance of calling for help at the earliest possible opportunity is relayed during the post simulation feedback. In addition, the Trust’s training team have shared details of the learning from this incident and request for incorporation and sharing within the current training programme (1b, 1c).”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Develop and launch an emergency communication tool containing essential patient and site information for ambulance calls across all wards.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “- The Head of Deteriorating Patient Pathways and Resuscitation Training Officer, operational colleagues and the Lessons Team are formulating a communication tool for use when contacting the East of England Ambulance Service. EPUT Subject Matter Experts have liaised with external partner colleagues to devise the tool and the specific information which our colleagues will require in emergency scenarios. The questions the Ambulance control room will ask when reporting an emergency have been used as the basis for the communication tool poster. It will include essential information relating to the patients presenting medical condition, as well as site information including address and postcode. This aide memoir poster will be positioned adjacent to the Nurses Station and a laminated copy placed inside the grab bag. This is due to be completed and launched across all wards in May 2023 (1b).”

    Source location

    Response from Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 7 March 2023

    Open published response
  2. Worcestershire

    AI-generated summary

    Mr Peter Antony Joseph Pearson · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Mr Peter Antony Joseph Pearson died at Worcester Royal Hospital on 6 December 2021 from aspiration pneumonia, which was in all probability acquired while he was resident at Corbett House Nursing Home. Concerns included a delay in calling an ambulance despite his critical condition, incomplete nursing and medication records, failures in oral-cavity checks, shortcomings in management oversight, and an ineffective investigation into his death.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in calling an ambulance when a resident’s condition requires emergency assistance

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) Mr Pearson’s condition on 5 December 2021 was such that his daughter asked the agency nurse on duty for an ambulance to be called at 12.30 pm. None was called until 6.10 pm. The nurse did not complete the nursing notes for the day from 5am onwards so there is no written record of Mr Pearson’s medical condition that day. Mr Pearson was found by paramedics alone in his room in a critical state. The staff on duty knew very little about him or his condition. No record of medications dispensed to Mr Pearson that day has been lost or is missing. He was found with medication in his mouth by paramedics. No records were kept of the checks of his oral cavity that were required to be undertaken twice a day. The Agency nurse has not been traced by the Home. The inquest found as a fact that the failure to call an ambulance earlier amounted to a missed opportunity. ”

    Source location

    Mr Peter Antony Joseph Pearson · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 1 · concerns

    Open source report
  3. Berkshire

    AI-generated summary

    Adele Angel Massoudi · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Adele Angel Massoudi was born at home on 26 June 2020, transferred to hospital, and died there on 2 July 2020; the recorded cause of death was severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. The report identified delays in responding to meconium, inadequate fetal heart-rate monitoring, delayed transfer to hospital, inadequate communication with the family, and destruction of the placenta without retaining it for examination. Concerns focused on midwifery training and the retention of placentas for death investigation.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to prioritise calling an ambulance during a home birth emergency

    Wider context from the report

    “She accepted in her evidence that it was open to her to ask someone else on scene, including a family member, to call for an ambulance. I remain concerned that the response of the key witness appears to be “I did what I could in difficult circumstances, and I had a lot to do”. The situation that the midwife was dealing with must indeed have been very stressful, but it is part of a midwife’s professional training to assess what is the most urgent thing to do first. That is not setting up equipment, waiting for contractions to finish et cetera. It is, in this scenario, to call an ambulance first and then do everything else afterwards. I remain concerned that, even after all the additional training, and having had this awful experience, this message is not coming through loud and clear from the witness evidence. It is difficult to know whether a need for further training exists in relation to this witness, or more systemically. I am concerned that, having experienced this awful tragedy, and going through the HSIB investigation and the inquest process, anything other than full acceptance of the point was offered in evidence. I invite the trust to consider again the training of their midwives and whether the training provided to date is sufficient and safe, and to respond formally and in a Regulation 28 response. ”

    Source location

    Adele Angel Massoudi · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Include formal neonatal-resuscitation competency assessment in induction training.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5. Consider strengthening competency assessment within mandatory training; A formal assessment of neonatal resuscitation is now included during induction (delivery of inflation breaths, calling for help and SBAR handover). The practice development team are also undertaking training with RBFT resuscitation team to ensure consistency of formal assessments.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 September 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Provide new midwives with maternity-unit shifts as part of induction and require annual completion of homebirth competency and confidence documents by maternity support workers.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “7. Consider offering opportunities for community staff to work in acute site with support, to enhance their clinical skills and confidence; All new midwives have shifts within the maternity unit as part of their induction. The survey above will also identify whether any further training is indicated for acute site placements to be facilitated, alongside the new homebirth competency/confidence documents which all maternity support workers are required to complete annually with their line managers.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 September 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Current community intrapartum training is sound and effective, with no training-topic gaps identified, although recommendations will clarify and consolidate it.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Overall, the external Consultant Midwife concluded that the current training offer for community staff providing intrapartum care at the Trust appears sound and effective and no gaps in training topics were identified. In conclusion she reported that we have many successes in the training we offer, with the service being open to feedback and actively developing in response to multiple drivers, including past incidents. The recommendations made within this review aim to support the service to clarify and consolidate this work, and we are committed to delivering accessible and relevant training on the management of intrapartum emergencies.”

    Source location

    Response from Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
    Page 2 · response
    Published 20 September 2022

    Open published response
  4. Nottinghamshire

    AI-generated summary

    Michelle Whitehead · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Michelle Whitehead died on 7 May 2021 from a hypoxic brain injury after experiencing deterioration in her breathing and oxygen saturation while detained under Section 2 of the Mental Health Act. The report identifies concerns about unclear sedation medication and documentation, delayed recognition and treatment of her deterioration, lack of medical and consultant involvement, difficulty contacting the duty doctor, and delays in calling and admitting paramedics.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in calling paramedics for deteriorating patients

    Wider context from the report

    “1. Unclear dose/type of sedation medication given, possible excess dose given, poor documentation 2. Delayed recognition of Mrs Whitehead’s declining condition 3. No medical clerking from admission until her collapse 4. No Consultant involvement after admission 5. Inability to reach Duty Doctor for deteriorating patient 6. Delay in calling paramedics 7. Delay in Paramedics gaining access to the ward Many of these issues have been the subject of scrutiny in at least two previous Inquests, that have followed deaths on inpatient wards of the Trust. I have received reassurance during these Hearings that the issues have been addressed, but this case illustrates that they clearly remain. The issues are very serious in my view. ”

    Source location

    Michelle Whitehead · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Redistribute NEWS2 quick-reference guides across inpatient sites and directorates.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “As a response the Directorate has re-printed new refreshed supplies of the credit card sized NEWS2 quick reference guides (Appendix 1), which identify the physical health parameters and trigger points for escalation to local medical colleagues or the emergency ambulance service. The card is to be worn on a lanyard alongside individual identification badges, acting as an immediate reminder. These have now been confirmed as having been redistributed across our inpatient sites within Adult Mental Health Services and have been shared with the other directorates to ensure consistency across sites.”

    Source location

    2022-0016-Response-from-Nottinghamshire-Healthcare_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 January 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deploy handheld devices for electronic NEWS2 recording, automatic scoring and escalation alerts across Adult Mental Health inpatient areas.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Additionally, the Division is rolling out handheld devices that allow staff to immediately enter physical observations into the NEWS2 electronic system (and patient record). This will automatically calculate the NEWS2 scores and alert if interventions or emergency care is required. Confirmation has been received that these have been made available and are in use on all Adult Mental Health inpatient areas.”

    Source location

    2022-0016-Response-from-Nottinghamshire-Healthcare_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 January 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Deliver comprehensive NEWS2, anaphylaxis and emergency-treatment training with scenario-based exercises for inpatient staff.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Two senior staff members have been identified to work with individuals and groups from the Lucy Wade Unit to ensure they fully understand how to undertake comprehensive NEWS2 assessments. The key focus of the sessions is about confidence-building, particularly regarding decision-making at the time of an urgent clinical incident. They will additionally ensure that all staff are supported to recognise signs of an Anaphylaxis reaction and its associated emergency treatment with Adrenaline. This will include individual group training and the completion of medical emergency scenarios to test knowledge and processes in a more realistic, true-life environment. We are initially prioritising the wards in the north of the county and intend to have this area fully compliant with the training target in this area by mid-April 2022.”

    Source location

    2022-0016-Response-from-Nottinghamshire-Healthcare_Published
    Page 2 · response
    Published 24 January 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Agree priority-one ambulance responses for emergencies from Mental Health units until the hospital crash process is operational.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The primary message to staff, is that they must call for immediate support from the Ambulance service when they recognise that someone’s physical health is rapidly deteriorating, and a medical emergency is or is likely to occur. This has been included clearly within the notification of learning letter already referred to within this response (Appendix 3).”

    Source location

    2022-0016-Response-from-Nottinghamshire-Healthcare_Published
    Page 6 · response
    Published 24 January 2022

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    A crash bleep was discounted because the duty doctor covered multiple sites and could not provide an immediate response.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The recommendation from the SI report was to have a “crash bleep”. This was considered but discounted as the duty doctor covers a number of geographical sites and cannot provide an immediate response. Therefore, the response to a medical emergency needs to remain as 999.”

    Source location

    2022-0016-Response-from-Nottinghamshire-Healthcare_Published
    Page 5 · response
    Published 24 January 2022

    Open published response
  5. Black Country

    AI-generated summary

    Eric Harold Bird · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Eric Harold Bird, a 91-year-old man with dementia and assessed as being at high risk of falls, suffered seven falls during a four-week period in a specialist care centre. After a fall on 21/11/20, he sustained a subdural haematoma and died in hospital on 30/11/20. The principal concerns included failures to follow procedures after head injuries, delays in contacting emergency services and gaining ambulance access, and inadequate updating and review of his falls risk documentation and care plan.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to follow the policy requiring 999 calls after falls involving head injury

    Wider context from the report

    “2. The inquest heard that Castlehill polices had not been followed after each fall whereby Mr Bird hit his head. Mr Bird was taking apixaban which meant he was at a higher risk of bleeding. Evidence was heard that policy required 999 to be called. This was not done on 1/11/20 nor on 14/11/20. ”

    Source location

    Eric Harold Bird · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in contacting emergency ambulance services after a fall

    Wider context from the report

    “4. On 21/11/20 I heard evidence that the fall occurred at approximately 20.20/20.30 hours. Records suggested the 111 service was contacted at 21.06. I heard evidence that it was the 111 service that made arrangements for an ambulance to attend and the EPR showed that the ambulance was contacted at 21.34 arriving on site at 21.47; ”

    Source location

    Eric Harold Bird · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Continue making 111/999 calls after falls and call 999 whenever a resident prescribed Apixaban falls.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “We will continue to make 111/999 calls following any fall and will call 999 whenever a resident falls who is prescribed Apixaban. This will continue despite some concern from the Local Authority that we are availing of these services too often.”

    Source location

    2021-0122-Response-from-Castlehill-Specialist-Care-Centre-Redacted
    Page 1 · response
    Published 4 May 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Conduct management reviews and assess available evidence about the provider’s falls-management concerns.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “The matters of concern which arose from the preventing future deaths report have prompted the CQC to take action. In direct response, we held a management review meeting on 17 February 2021. Following the management review meeting, we reviewed the evidence we held about Castlehill Specialist Care Centre, the information held following the specific incident review related to Mr Bird’s death and information following the inspection completed in January 2021.”

    Source location

    2021-0122-Response-from-Care-Quality-Commission-Redacted
    Page 2 · response
    Published 4 May 2021

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    CQC will not progress a criminal investigation because the evidence does not meet the required threshold of proving avoidability beyond reasonable doubt.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• As a result of these findings, CQC held a management review meeting on 18 March 2021 to discuss the findings under our specific incident guidance. In order to open a formal criminal investigation, we have to be able to evidence a Registered Person (either a Registered Provider or Registered Manager) failed to provide safe care and treatment to Mr Bird in relation to this incident and can prove beyond reasonable doubt this incident was avoidable. We did not feel that this threshold was met and therefore will not progress the case.”

    Source location

    2021-0122-Response-from-Care-Quality-Commission-Redacted
    Page 3 · response
    Published 4 May 2021

    Open published response
  6. West Yorkshire Eastern

    AI-generated summary

    June Mavis Winterbottom · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    June Mavis Winterbottom, aged 90, lived alone in sheltered accommodation and was found semi-conscious in her own faeces and vomit, covered in pressure sores, after an urgent Adult Social Care referral received no contact. She was taken to hospital and treated for urosepsis, but died later that day. The report identified ineffective urgent-referral handling, unclear accountability, and no safety net for calling an ambulance when Adult Social Care could not respond promptly.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of an ambulance escalation safety net when Adult Social Care cannot respond promptly

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The system for handling urgent referrals within Adult Social Care in Wakefield on 02/06/20 was ineffective. Despite being graded as ‘urgent’, no contact was made with an elderly, isolated, vulnerable lady, who was evidently in dire need of assistance (2) In consequence, Mrs Winterbottom was left alone without the medical assistance which would probably have been called in, had she been seen. It is, however, not possible to say whether her life would have been saved, had she been admitted to hospital on 02/06/20. (3) Even the following day, 03/06/20, no visit took place, despite the urgency of the situation. The urgent referral system was exposed as deficient. (4) Evidence taken at the Inquest indicated that the team in Adult Social Care were not aware of the need to watch out for such cases which had drifted outside of normal hours. Such a generalised instruction serves to diffuse responsibility, rather than establish accountability on the part of an identified manager. (5) There was no safety net in place, whereby an ambulance would have been called in the event the Adult Social Care team were unable to respond in a timely manner for any reason. ”

    Source location

    June Mavis Winterbottom · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Establish an on-call rota identifying a manager responsible for out-of-hours periods.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “• A Team Managers on call rota was set up, to ensure that there was always a clearly identified manager responsible for out of hours, whether evenings or weekends.”

    Source location

    2020-0183-Response-from-Wakefield-Council_Redacted.pdf
    Page 3 · response
    Published 19 November 2020

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Adult Social Care considers its reviewed and strengthened systems sufficiently robust, so no additional actions are required following the report.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “I trust that the above information addresses the matters of concern you raise, and provides sufficient reassurance that Adult Social Care in Wakefield have already appropriately reviewed our systems following the death of Mrs Winterbottom, and taken action to ensure the robustness of our systems. As a consequence, Adult Social Care do not feel that there are any additional actions which need to be taken resulting from your issuance of the Regulation 28 Report.”

    Source location

    2020-0183-Response-from-Wakefield-Council_Redacted.pdf
    Page 4 · response
    Published 19 November 2020

    Open published response
  7. Northamptonshire

    AI-generated summary

    Blaithin Grianne Buckley · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Blaithin Grianne Buckley died at Northampton General Hospital on 30 April 2018 after being found hanging in a phone booth at St. Andrews Healthcare while on five-minute observations. Concerns included the delay in calling an ambulance and uncertainty about whether procedures adequately explained when an ambulance should be called. The inquest also identified failures relating to locking the phone booth, transferring relevant patient history, and the process for calling the ambulance service.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Lack of guidance on whether and when to call an ambulance during mobilisation of the medical emergency team

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The delay in calling for an ambulance to transfer Ms Buckley to the General Hospital in a clear medical emergency. There was no evidence before inquest to explain the delay between 23:20 and 23:44. Whilst it had been accepted that senior clinicians, with greater medical knowledge that the paramedics, formed the medical emergency team, St Andrews as a mental health setting was required to transfer Ms Buckley to A&E in any event. It was unclear whether the policies/procedures requiring the mobilisation of the medical emergency team included guidance on whether an ambulance should be called, and when. ”

    Source location

    Blaithin Grianne Buckley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in calling an ambulance for transfer in a medical emergency

    Wider context from the report

    “(1) The delay in calling for an ambulance to transfer Ms Buckley to the General Hospital in a clear medical emergency. There was no evidence before inquest to explain the delay between 23:20 and 23:44. Whilst it had been accepted that senior clinicians, with greater medical knowledge that the paramedics, formed the medical emergency team, St Andrews as a mental health setting was required to transfer Ms Buckley to A&E in any event. It was unclear whether the policies/procedures requiring the mobilisation of the medical emergency team included guidance on whether an ambulance should be called, and when. ”

    Source location

    Blaithin Grianne Buckley · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Review and refresh the deteriorating-patient policy to clarify actions when physical health deteriorates and medical intervention is required.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “3) The policy concerning the management of a deteriorating patient is being reviewed and refreshed to provide clarity on the actions to be taken in the event of a patient experiencing deteriorating physical health and requiring medical intervention. This is due for implementation on or before 1 January 2020.”

    Source location

    2019-0465-Response-from-St-Andrews-Healthcare-R-pdf
    Page 1 · response
    Published 16 January 2020

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Automatically call an ambulance whenever a medical emergency is called, rather than leaving the decision to the nursing team.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “4) One specific and significant change in the procedure that has already been implemented is that when a medical emergency is called, an ambulance is also called rather than leaving it to the discretion of the nursing team as was previously the case. This will enable a faster response to medical emergencies. Action completed on 7 November 2019.”

    Source location

    2019-0465-Response-from-St-Andrews-Healthcare-R-pdf
    Page 1 · response
    Published 16 January 2020

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent action was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Monitor medical emergencies and ambulance attendances through the physical healthcare governance meeting, escalating identified problems or challenges.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “5) Responses to medical emergencies including ambulance attendances will be monitored in the relevant governance meeting chaired by the Director of Physical Healthcare (the medical physical healthcare group) with necessary escalation where problems or challenges are found.”

    Source location

    2019-0465-Response-from-St-Andrews-Healthcare-R-pdf
    Page 1 · response
    Published 16 January 2020

    Open published response

    Source evidence

    How this respondent position was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Earlier arrival at the General Hospital would not have altered the outcome in this case.

    Verbatim wording from the response

    “Further to the Regulation 28 notice received by St Andrew’s Healthcare dated 15 September 2018, I am providing a response to the matter of concern which was the delay in calling for an ambulance to transfer Ms Buckley to the General Hospital. While the evidence provided to the Court indicated that an earlier arrival at the General Hospital would not have altered the outcome in this instance, St Andrew’s recognises that there is a need for greater clarity around the recognition of a medical emergency and how and when an ambulance is called. To that end the Charity has taken the following steps:”

    Source location

    2019-0465-Response-from-St-Andrews-Healthcare-R-pdf
    Page 1 · response
    Published 16 January 2020

    Open published response
  8. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Jack Alfie Charlie HUBBARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Jack Hubbard, aged 18, ingested MDMA at Egg Nightclub in London on the evening of 24/25 August 2018; the investigation recorded the medical cause of death as MDMA toxicity. A concern was raised that the nightclub’s ambulance-calling protocol required the duty manager to be called and a second set of observations to be taken first.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in calling an ambulance pending contact with the duty manager

    Wider context from the report

    “I heard evidence that the protocol at Egg Nightclub for calling an ambulance is that before this can happen: 1. the duty manager must be called; and 2. a second set of observations must be taken, regardless of the results of the first. ”

    Source location

    Jack Alfie Charlie HUBBARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delays in calling an ambulance pending repeat observations regardless of initial results

    Wider context from the report

    “I heard evidence that the protocol at Egg Nightclub for calling an ambulance is that before this can happen: 1. the duty manager must be called; and 2. a second set of observations must be taken, regardless of the results of the first. ”

    Source location

    Jack Alfie Charlie HUBBARD · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
  9. Inner North London

    AI-generated summary

    Rosario CORDERO-SANZ · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Rosario (known as Charo) Cordero-Sanz died after jumping in front of a train at Bethnal Green Underground Station on 14 July 2018. The concerns included gaps in special police officers’ access to information, understanding of missing-person and mental-health procedures, communication with a non-native English-speaking friend, and the failure to identify her as a high-risk missing person.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Failure to consider and communicate ambulance involvement when clinically indicated

    Wider context from the report

    “2. In addition, the jury heard as follows. - The three police officers did not appear to have an in depth understanding of the misper process. - They did not (save for one who had attended such calls before) appear to have an in depth understanding of the s136 Mental Health Act / mental health potential issues. - They did not consider using language line to assist them in obtaining information from the non native English speaking friend, with whom they spoke outside the building where Ms Cordero-Sanz was staying with a friend. Being able to speak in his native language might have facilitated the informant to give fuller details, such as the fact that Ms Cordero-Sanz was by now hearing voices. - Having been told that she would be upset by their uniforms, they did not insist on seeing Ms Cordero-Sanz to assess her for themselves, or call for the assistance of a plain clothes colleague, or suggest that they speak to the friend who was sitting inside with her. - Nobody thought of calling an ambulance that night, save for the CAD (computer aided despatch) operator who took the call in the first place, but he did not mention he had done so to anyone else. I wonder whether this suggests a training need, and/or whether, given the difficulties in maintaining skills on only 15 hours a month, consideration could be given to teaming special officers with regulars? ”

    Source location

    Rosario CORDERO-SANZ · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 3 · concerns

    Open source report
  10. Sunderland

    AI-generated summary

    Derek Wynne Turnbull · Prevention of Future Deaths report

    This summary was generated using AI from the published report. Please read the original report for the complete account.

    Report summary

    Derek Wynne Turnbull, a resident at the ICAR Unit with a recognised risk of falls and taking Warfarin, suffered an unwitnessed fall with facial injuries on 9 August 2016 and was taken to hospital after an ambulance was summoned 63 minutes after he was found. He was diagnosed with a large acute-on-chronic subdural haemorrhage and died at Sunderland Royal Hospital on 10 August 2016; the principal concern was the delay in summoning an ambulance despite the known risk factors and head injury.

    Read the report on judiciary.uk

    Source evidence

    How this individual concern was interpreted

    PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below.

    PFD Monitor interpretation

    Delay in summoning an ambulance for cases to be stepped up to hospital

    Wider context from the report

    “Mr Derek Wynne Turnbull had a known history of falls, was on Warfarin and had sustained an obvious head injury after an unwitnessed fall, yet it took from 03:15am to 04:18am to summons an ambulance by a 999 call in a case that was to be “stepped up” to hospital in any event. There was no purpose in waiting, given the known scenario. In Mr Turnbull’s case the delay may not have caused or contributed to his death, but in other cases the opportunity for earlier review at the hospital ought to be taken. Policies, procedures and protocols may need to be reviewed in order to ensure that in those cases that are to be stepped up, that the action is taken immediately. ”

    Source location

    Derek Wynne Turnbull · Prevention of Future Deaths report
    Page 2 · concerns

    Open source report
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Data last updated 7 September 2026