PFD report

Abdul Jabar Oryakhel · Prevention of Future Deaths report

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Issued 25 Jun 2024•Avon

Report record

Published report and response evidence

This page connects the concerns raised in this report with statements found in recipients’ published responses. A link shows a clear evidence connection; it does not assign responsibility.

View original report
Concerns
2

Raised in this report

Recipients
3

Named on the report

Responses found
3

Of 3 recipients

Stated actions
14

Described in responses

Source document

Full report text

This is the full text from the original published report.

Open published report

Concerns and recipient responses

Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

Report evidence summary

Concerns raised2

  1. Lack of understanding of the dangers of lithium-ion batteries used for e-bikes and e-scooters
  2. Lack of British or European standards controlling lithium-ion e-bike batteries and chargers sold in the UK
    Part of recurring concern: Inadequate controls on the sale of lithium-ion e-bike batteries and chargers
Responses linked to these concerns

Each statement is shown once, even when linked to more than one concern.

Actions described in response An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.11

  1. Action

    Designate the BS EN 15194 e-bike standard, subject to stated restrictions, to provide a presumption of legal conformity.

    Stated by Office for Product Safety and StandardsStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 28 June 2024.
  2. Action

    Launch a new consumer safety campaign about purchasing e-bikes and e-scooters.

    Stated by Office for Product Safety and StandardsStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 28 June 2024.
  3. Action

    Engage major gig-economy delivery firms to encourage wider dissemination of e-bike and battery safety information to riders and couriers.

    Stated by Office for Product Safety and StandardsStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 28 June 2024.

Respondent positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when it does not describe a specific action.5

  1. Position

    Creation of new voluntary standards is a matter for the British Standards Institution, while OPSS will consider relevant research recommendations.

    Stated by Office for Product Safety and StandardsRedirects responsibilityThe respondent said that another organisation was responsible for deciding or taking action.

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Lack of understanding of the dangers of lithium-ion batteries used for e-bikes and e-scooters

Wider context from the report

“There appears to be a lack of understanding of the dangers with Lithium-ion batteries used for e-bikes and e-scooters. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Lack of British or European standards controlling lithium-ion e-bike batteries and chargers sold in the UK

Wider context from the report

“I understand that there is currently no British or European (e.g. BSI or PAS) standard to control what lithium ion e-bike batteries and chargers can be sold in the UK. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Inadequate controls on the sale of lithium-ion e-bike batteries and chargers.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Designate the BS EN 15194 e-bike standard, subject to stated restrictions, to provide a presumption of legal conformity.

Verbatim wording from the response

“While the creation of new voluntary standards is a matter for the British Standards Institution (BSI), we will carefully consider any relevant recommendations made by WMG. OPSS has already commissioned BSI to develop a Publicly Available Specification for e-bikes, e-scooters, their batteries, and conversion kits and related products, which we hope to be in place in the next 18 months. OPSS has previously designated, with restrictions, the standard BS EN 15194 for e-bikes, which gives products that meet the standard a presumption of conformity with the law (except in regard to the clauses restricted under the designation). However, whether businesses choose to follow a standard remains voluntary, and they must still meet all their obligations in law.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Launch a new consumer safety campaign about purchasing e-bikes and e-scooters.

Verbatim wording from the response

“OPSS has also been actively raising awareness of the risks that these products can pose. In December 2023, OPSS published a Government safety message on e-bikes and e-scooters with recommendations on the steps consumers can take to reduce fire risks if they purchase, use or charge an e-bike or e-scooter. The steps include always following the manufacturer’s instructions for charging and using the products; checking and only using the manufacturer’s recommended battery and charger; never attempting to tamper with or alter the battery or charger; and unplugging the battery when charging has finished. We are planning a new safety campaign with consumer messaging on purchasing e-bikes and e-scooters, which we expect to be launched in the autumn.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Engage major gig-economy delivery firms to encourage wider dissemination of e-bike and battery safety information to riders and couriers.

Verbatim wording from the response

“OPSS is engaging with major gig economy delivery firms, such as Uber Eats and Deliveroo, to encourage wider dissemination of safety information about e-bikes and batteries to delivery riders and couriers, who are key users of these products.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 3 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Commission development of a publicly available specification covering e-bikes, e-scooters, batteries, conversion kits and related products.

Verbatim wording from the response

“While the creation of new voluntary standards is a matter for the British Standards Institution (BSI), we will carefully consider any relevant recommendations made by WMG. OPSS has already commissioned BSI to develop a Publicly Available Specification for e-bikes, e-scooters, their batteries, and conversion kits and related products, which we hope to be in place in the next 18 months. OPSS has previously designated, with restrictions, the standard BS EN 15194 for e-bikes, which gives products that meet the standard a presumption of conformity with the law (except in regard to the clauses restricted under the designation). However, whether businesses choose to follow a standard remains voluntary, and they must still meet all their obligations in law.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Coordinate with Government departments to support consumer safety messaging for e-bikes and e-scooters.

Verbatim wording from the response

“OPSS has also joined up with other Government Departments to support consumer safety messaging for e-bikes, including Department for Transport guidance, published in February this year: www.gov.uk/government/news/new-guidance-to-enhance-e-bike-and-e-scooter-safety and ‘Fire England’ guidance published by the Home Office last year: www.fireengland.uk/news/how-keep-your-home-safe-when-charging-your-e-bike-or-e-scooter.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 3 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Consider relevant recommendations from the commissioned research on potential changes to voluntary product standards.

Verbatim wording from the response

“While the creation of new voluntary standards is a matter for the British Standards Institution (BSI), we will carefully consider any relevant recommendations made by WMG. OPSS has already commissioned BSI to develop a Publicly Available Specification for e-bikes, e-scooters, their batteries, and conversion kits and related products, which we hope to be in place in the next 18 months. OPSS has previously designated, with restrictions, the standard BS EN 15194 for e-bikes, which gives products that meet the standard a presumption of conformity with the law (except in regard to the clauses restricted under the designation). However, whether businesses choose to follow a standard remains voluntary, and they must still meet all their obligations in law.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Conduct commissioned research into e-bike and e-scooter hazards, compatibility issues and relevant standards, pending independent peer review and publication.

Verbatim wording from the response

“In your report, you have raised a concern over a lack of understanding of risks in this area and the lack of a specific British Standard for e-bike batteries and chargers. Our research and evidence points to complexity with the products and associated components, which may be safe when placed on the market but may become unsafe if modified or non-compatible replacement batteries or chargers are used. As part of our e-bike programme, OPSS commissioned a research study from Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG) into potential hazards and risks from e-bikes and e-scooters, including their batteries. This includes compatibility issues as well as an assessment of all relevant standards, to identify any areas where changes to voluntary standards could assist businesses to comply with the law. We expect the research to be published soon, once it has completed independent peer reviews.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Publish consumer safety messaging with recommendations to reduce e-bike and e-scooter fire risks.

Verbatim wording from the response

“OPSS has also been actively raising awareness of the risks that these products can pose. In December 2023, OPSS published a Government safety message on e-bikes and e-scooters with recommendations on the steps consumers can take to reduce fire risks if they purchase, use or charge an e-bike or e-scooter. The steps include always following the manufacturer’s instructions for charging and using the products; checking and only using the manufacturer’s recommended battery and charger; never attempting to tamper with or alter the battery or charger; and unplugging the battery when charging has finished. We are planning a new safety campaign with consumer messaging on purchasing e-bikes and e-scooters, which we expect to be launched in the autumn.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Continue participating in the national e-scooter trial.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Combined Authority is continuing to participate in the national e-scooter trial. Through this, the Combined Authority can contribute evidence of e-scooter (and now e-Bike) usage, making the case for legislation and regulation that safely incorporates e-scooters into the transport system. The Combined Authority is also able to work with Tier to communicate best practice in terms of safe e-scooter use (including charging) and demonstrate the benefits of high product safety standards.”

Source location

Response from West of England Combined Authority
Page 3 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Publish guidance on the safe purchasing, use, charging and storage of e-bike and e-scooter batteries.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Department for Transport, the Home Office and the Office for Product Safety and Standards have worked together to understand the issues with lithium-ion batteries and have all published guidance for users of e-cycles and e-scooters on battery safety. The DfT guidance, published in February this year and concerning the safe purchasing, use, charging and storage of batteries can be viewed on the following link: www.gov.uk/government/news/new-guidance-to-enhance-e-bike-and-e-scooter-safety”

Source location

Response from Department of Transport
Page 1 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Conduct research on developing future e-scooter regulations, including battery safety, and publish its findings.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Office for Product Safety and Standards has commissioned research from Warwick Manufacturing Group to better understand the safety issues associated with the lithium-ion batteries. The outcome of this research, coupled with research from the Department for Transport on how future regulations on e-scooters could be developed (and which contains a section on battery safety) will inform any further action from government. Both pieces of research are scheduled to be published later this year.”

Source location

Response from Department of Transport
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Creation of new voluntary standards is a matter for the British Standards Institution, while OPSS will consider relevant research recommendations.

Verbatim wording from the response

“While the creation of new voluntary standards is a matter for the British Standards Institution (BSI), we will carefully consider any relevant recommendations made by WMG. OPSS has already commissioned BSI to develop a Publicly Available Specification for e-bikes, e-scooters, their batteries, and conversion kits and related products, which we hope to be in place in the next 18 months. OPSS has previously designated, with restrictions, the standard BS EN 15194 for e-bikes, which gives products that meet the standard a presumption of conformity with the law (except in regard to the clauses restricted under the designation). However, whether businesses choose to follow a standard remains voluntary, and they must still meet all their obligations in law.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Specific action on lithium-ion battery safety does not lie within the Combined Authority’s strategic functions.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Specific actions to address the concerns raised by the Coroner do not lie within the strategic functions of the West of England Combined Authority. The areas of concern require national government action in the first instance, through legislation and regulation.”

Source location

Response from West of England Combined Authority
Page 1 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

National government must address lithium-ion battery safety concerns through legislation and regulation in the first instance.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Specific actions to address the concerns raised by the Coroner do not lie within the strategic functions of the West of England Combined Authority. The areas of concern require national government action in the first instance, through legislation and regulation.”

Source location

Response from West of England Combined Authority
Page 1 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Pending publication of relevant research, no additional Department for Transport action is considered appropriate at this stage.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Office for Product Safety and Standards has commissioned research from Warwick Manufacturing Group to better understand the safety issues associated with the lithium-ion batteries. The outcome of this research, coupled with research from the Department for Transport on how future regulations on e-scooters could be developed (and which contains a section on battery safety) will inform any further action from government. Both pieces of research are scheduled to be published later this year.”

Source location

Response from Department of Transport
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The Office for Product Safety and Standards is best placed to address consumer-product safety, enforcement and standards matters.

Verbatim wording from the response

“I am aware you have also written to the Office for Product Safety and Standards. The safety and enforcement of consumer products, and the role of standards, is part of their remit, and I anticipate they will be best placed to respond to you on this point.”

Source location

Response from Department of Transport
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Other statements in published responses

These actions and other statements could not be clearly connected to one concern in this report.

Recipient-stated actions An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.3

  1. 1

    Run a programme with local authorities to reach businesses repairing or modifying e-bikes, e-scooters and batteries about regulatory compliance.

    Stated by Office for Product Safety and StandardsStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 28 June 2024.
  2. 2

    Operate a real-time fire-incident reporting system with fire and rescue services to gather intelligence and support action on involved products.

    Stated by Office for Product Safety and StandardsStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 28 June 2024.
  3. 3

    Target unsafe and non-compliant e-bike, e-scooter and battery products using data, regulatory interventions, product removals and compliance inspections.

    Stated by Office for Product Safety and StandardsStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 28 June 2024.

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Run a programme with local authorities to reach businesses repairing or modifying e-bikes, e-scooters and batteries about regulatory compliance.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Working with local authorities, we launched a new programme this year to reach small UK businesses that repair or modify e-bikes, e-scooters or their batteries, to ensure these businesses are aware of and comply with the regulations that apply to them. We also work closely with fire and rescue services and have established a system for them to report any fire incidents that involve products in real time, so we can gather intelligence and when necessary, take appropriate action in relation to the products involved.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Operate a real-time fire-incident reporting system with fire and rescue services to gather intelligence and support action on involved products.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Working with local authorities, we launched a new programme this year to reach small UK businesses that repair or modify e-bikes, e-scooters or their batteries, to ensure these businesses are aware of and comply with the regulations that apply to them. We also work closely with fire and rescue services and have established a system for them to report any fire incidents that involve products in real time, so we can gather intelligence and when necessary, take appropriate action in relation to the products involved.”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 2 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Target unsafe and non-compliant e-bike, e-scooter and battery products using data, regulatory interventions, product removals and compliance inspections.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Over the last two years we have undertaken regulatory interventions in this area, such as serving withdrawal notices to require the removal of dangerous models of UPP-manufactured e-bike batteries from the market. We are using data and intelligence to”

Source location

Response from OPSS
Page 1 · response
Published 28 June 2024

Open published response
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Information checked against the published report and official responses · Data reviewed 7 Sep 2026 · About data quality and limitations

Official responses located
3/3

Data last updated 7 September 2026