PFD report

Christopher Brazil · Prevention of Future Deaths report

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Issued 23 Apr 2025•Ceredigion

Report record

Published report and response evidence

This page connects the concerns raised in this report with statements found in recipients’ published responses. A link shows a clear evidence connection; it does not assign responsibility.

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Concerns
7

Raised in this report

Recipients
3

Named on the report

Responses found
2

Of 3 recipients

Stated actions
11

Described in responses

Source document

Full report text

This is the full text from the original published report.

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Concerns and recipient responses

Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

Report evidence summary

Concerns raised7

  1. Lack of dosage guidance
  2. Unregulated and unlawful online sale of prescription-only medicines and controlled drugs
    Part of recurring concern: Inadequate controls on access to prescription-only medicines outside regulated prescribingPart of recurring concern: Inadequate safeguards for access to dangerous drugs
  3. Inadequate age and identity verification for access to restricted medicines and drugs
Responses linked to these concerns

Each statement is shown once, even when linked to more than one concern.

Actions described in response An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.9

  1. Action

    Increase collaboration with UK Border Force to expand border operations and increase seizures of illegally trafficked medicines.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 25 April 2025.
  2. Action

    Roll out an online service enabling users to check whether pharmaceutical-selling websites have been deemed fraudulent by the MHRA.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 25 April 2025.
  3. Action

    Use technology to identify, track and seize proceeds of crime, including cryptocurrency.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 25 April 2025.

Respondent positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when it does not describe a specific action.4

  1. Position

    UK authorities cannot seize or control illicit overseas domains or compel registrars to suspend them, especially beyond UK jurisdiction.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareUnable to actThe respondent said that a constraint prevented them from taking the relevant action.

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Lack of dosage guidance

Wider context from the report

“(1) There are unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs, which look legitimate and are found easily from simple online searches; and these sites give rise to the following points (2) to (6) (2) Vulnerable and susceptible people are exposed to counterfeit or unsafe medications (3) There are insufficient or no measures to verify patient medical history before selling the medication and drugs (4) There is a lack of guidance regarding dosage (5) There are a lack of safeguards to prevent incorrect self-diagnoses or misuse by consumers (6) There is inadequate age and identity verification, potentially allowing minors to access restricted medicines and drugs (7) The fact that it is possible for unlawful and unethical online pharmaceutical providers to operate and deliver to the buyer within 24 hours means that these illegal websites may be more appealing to some than lawful sources. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Unregulated and unlawful online sale of prescription-only medicines and controlled drugs

Wider context from the report

“(1) There are unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs, which look legitimate and are found easily from simple online searches; and these sites give rise to the following points (2) to (6) (2) Vulnerable and susceptible people are exposed to counterfeit or unsafe medications (3) There are insufficient or no measures to verify patient medical history before selling the medication and drugs (4) There is a lack of guidance regarding dosage (5) There are a lack of safeguards to prevent incorrect self-diagnoses or misuse by consumers (6) There is inadequate age and identity verification, potentially allowing minors to access restricted medicines and drugs (7) The fact that it is possible for unlawful and unethical online pharmaceutical providers to operate and deliver to the buyer within 24 hours means that these illegal websites may be more appealing to some than lawful sources. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Inadequate controls on access to prescription-only medicines outside regulated prescribing; Inadequate safeguards for access to dangerous drugs.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Inadequate age and identity verification for access to restricted medicines and drugs

Wider context from the report

“(1) There are unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs, which look legitimate and are found easily from simple online searches; and these sites give rise to the following points (2) to (6) (2) Vulnerable and susceptible people are exposed to counterfeit or unsafe medications (3) There are insufficient or no measures to verify patient medical history before selling the medication and drugs (4) There is a lack of guidance regarding dosage (5) There are a lack of safeguards to prevent incorrect self-diagnoses or misuse by consumers (6) There is inadequate age and identity verification, potentially allowing minors to access restricted medicines and drugs (7) The fact that it is possible for unlawful and unethical online pharmaceutical providers to operate and deliver to the buyer within 24 hours means that these illegal websites may be more appealing to some than lawful sources. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Exposure of vulnerable and susceptible people to counterfeit or unsafe medications

Wider context from the report

“(1) There are unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs, which look legitimate and are found easily from simple online searches; and these sites give rise to the following points (2) to (6) (2) Vulnerable and susceptible people are exposed to counterfeit or unsafe medications (3) There are insufficient or no measures to verify patient medical history before selling the medication and drugs (4) There is a lack of guidance regarding dosage (5) There are a lack of safeguards to prevent incorrect self-diagnoses or misuse by consumers (6) There is inadequate age and identity verification, potentially allowing minors to access restricted medicines and drugs (7) The fact that it is possible for unlawful and unethical online pharmaceutical providers to operate and deliver to the buyer within 24 hours means that these illegal websites may be more appealing to some than lawful sources. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Rapid delivery by unlawful online pharmaceutical providers

Wider context from the report

“(1) There are unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs, which look legitimate and are found easily from simple online searches; and these sites give rise to the following points (2) to (6) (2) Vulnerable and susceptible people are exposed to counterfeit or unsafe medications (3) There are insufficient or no measures to verify patient medical history before selling the medication and drugs (4) There is a lack of guidance regarding dosage (5) There are a lack of safeguards to prevent incorrect self-diagnoses or misuse by consumers (6) There is inadequate age and identity verification, potentially allowing minors to access restricted medicines and drugs (7) The fact that it is possible for unlawful and unethical online pharmaceutical providers to operate and deliver to the buyer within 24 hours means that these illegal websites may be more appealing to some than lawful sources. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Lack of safeguards against incorrect self-diagnosis or consumer misuse

Wider context from the report

“(1) There are unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs, which look legitimate and are found easily from simple online searches; and these sites give rise to the following points (2) to (6) (2) Vulnerable and susceptible people are exposed to counterfeit or unsafe medications (3) There are insufficient or no measures to verify patient medical history before selling the medication and drugs (4) There is a lack of guidance regarding dosage (5) There are a lack of safeguards to prevent incorrect self-diagnoses or misuse by consumers (6) There is inadequate age and identity verification, potentially allowing minors to access restricted medicines and drugs (7) The fact that it is possible for unlawful and unethical online pharmaceutical providers to operate and deliver to the buyer within 24 hours means that these illegal websites may be more appealing to some than lawful sources. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Insufficient or absent verification of patient medical history before medication sales

Wider context from the report

“(1) There are unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs, which look legitimate and are found easily from simple online searches; and these sites give rise to the following points (2) to (6) (2) Vulnerable and susceptible people are exposed to counterfeit or unsafe medications (3) There are insufficient or no measures to verify patient medical history before selling the medication and drugs (4) There is a lack of guidance regarding dosage (5) There are a lack of safeguards to prevent incorrect self-diagnoses or misuse by consumers (6) There is inadequate age and identity verification, potentially allowing minors to access restricted medicines and drugs (7) The fact that it is possible for unlawful and unethical online pharmaceutical providers to operate and deliver to the buyer within 24 hours means that these illegal websites may be more appealing to some than lawful sources. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to verify patient suitability before online sale of restricted medicines.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Increase collaboration with UK Border Force to expand border operations and increase seizures of illegally trafficked medicines.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Through a combination of public empowerment, technological innovation, traditional methods of law enforcement and close collaboration with partners, the MHRA is constantly working to develop new and innovative ways to tackle the online trade in illegal medicines. Some of these future criminal countermeasures will include:”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 3 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Roll out an online service enabling users to check whether pharmaceutical-selling websites have been deemed fraudulent by the MHRA.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Through a combination of public empowerment, technological innovation, traditional methods of law enforcement and close collaboration with partners, the MHRA is constantly working to develop new and innovative ways to tackle the online trade in illegal medicines. Some of these future criminal countermeasures will include:”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 3 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Use technology to identify, track and seize proceeds of crime, including cryptocurrency.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Through a combination of public empowerment, technological innovation, traditional methods of law enforcement and close collaboration with partners, the MHRA is constantly working to develop new and innovative ways to tackle the online trade in illegal medicines. Some of these future criminal countermeasures will include:”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 3 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Use artificial intelligence to proactively identify illicit internet domains for enforcement action.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• The use of Artificial Intelligence to proactively identify illicit internet domains for enforcement action.”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 4 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Implement a web-based scheme allowing users to report suspicious websites, marketplaces and social media listings to the MHRA.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Implementation of a web-based reporting scheme allowing users to report suspicious websites, online marketplaces and social media listings to the MHRA.”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 4 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Enhance collaboration with search engines and UK internet service providers to block harmful content through targeted filtering.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Through a combination of public empowerment, technological innovation, traditional methods of law enforcement and close collaboration with partners, the MHRA is constantly working to develop new and innovative ways to tackle the online trade in illegal medicines. Some of these future criminal countermeasures will include:”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 3 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Collaborate with Ofcom to explore preventative opportunities under the Online Safety Act.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Through a combination of public empowerment, technological innovation, traditional methods of law enforcement and close collaboration with partners, the MHRA is constantly working to develop new and innovative ways to tackle the online trade in illegal medicines. Some of these future criminal countermeasures will include:”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 3 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Collaborate with UK banking and payment providers to disrupt payment mechanisms used by illegal prescription-medicine suppliers.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Collaboration with UK banking and payment providers to disrupt the payment mechanisms used by websites illegally supplying prescription only medicines.”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 4 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Work with Ofcom to implement the Online Safety Act quickly and effectively.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The government recognises that the internet can sometimes be a gateway to content which can lead to devastating consequences. As the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, I am responsible for the Online Safety Act (the ‘Act’) which received Royal Assent in 2023. The Act lays the foundation for strong protections against illegal content for all users, and the government is committed to working with Ofcom, the independent regulator, to ensure it is implemented quickly and effectively. The new laws apply to search services and all companies that allow users to post content online or to interact with each other. This includes a broad range of websites, apps and other services, including social media services, consumer cloud storage sites, video sharing platforms, online forums, dating services, and online instant messaging services.”

Source location

Response from DSIT
Page 1 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

UK authorities cannot seize or control illicit overseas domains or compel registrars to suspend them, especially beyond UK jurisdiction.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The sale and supply of unregulated medicinal products is a global problem. Online portals play a significant role in transnational medicines crime and many websites proliferate across the internet. Currently, there is no legal mechanism for UK law enforcement to seize or control of illicit overseas domains or compel internet registrars to suspend them. Gaining regulatory compliance can be a difficult and sometimes impossible process, especially when domains are registered beyond the reach of UK jurisdiction.”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 3 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The GPhC, other professional regulators, CQC and MHRA have responsibility and powers to investigate unlawful online providers and take enforcement action.

Verbatim wording from the response

“In a situation where an online provider acts unlawfully, the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC) and other professional regulators, Care Quality Commission (CQC) and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) have the powers to investigate and take action against prescribers, products and suppliers who do not comply with legislation and national guidance. I would like to assure you that regulators have my full support to crack down on any services putting people in danger.”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 2 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The MHRA is responsible for addressing the unlawful websites and will respond separately about its approach.

Verbatim wording from the response

“In your letter, you raise concerns around unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs. These matters of concern are largely within the remit of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), given their responsibility for the regulation of medicines and devices in the UK. I understand that they are responding to you separately outlining their approach. Additionally, MHRA have informed my department that they have already taken enforcement action on both websites referenced in your report and are seeking to stop UK users being able to access such sites. One of the websites is subsequently offline, and the other is in the process of being taken offline to protect the public from the illegal sale of medicines.”

Source location

Response from DSIT
Page 1 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Regulation of medicines and devices, including unlawful prescription-medicine websites, is largely outside the department’s remit.

Verbatim wording from the response

“In your letter, you raise concerns around unregulated and unlawful websites offering prescription only medicines and controlled drugs. These matters of concern are largely within the remit of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), given their responsibility for the regulation of medicines and devices in the UK. I understand that they are responding to you separately outlining their approach. Additionally, MHRA have informed my department that they have already taken enforcement action on both websites referenced in your report and are seeking to stop UK users being able to access such sites. One of the websites is subsequently offline, and the other is in the process of being taken offline to protect the public from the illegal sale of medicines.”

Source location

Response from DSIT
Page 1 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Other statements in published responses

These actions and other statements could not be clearly connected to one concern in this report.

Recipient-stated actions An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.2

  1. 1

    Continue enhancing collaborative work across the internet infrastructure community, including private-sector and international law-enforcement partners.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 25 April 2025.
  2. 2

    Keep online safety policy under review and identify areas for further development.

    Stated by Department for Science, Innovation and TechnologyStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 25 April 2025.

Recipient positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when they do not describe a specific action.2

  1. 1

    Further information about the provider’s procedures should be obtained from the GMC and GPhC, which may regulate the provider.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareRedirects responsibilityThe respondent said that another organisation was responsible for deciding or taking action.
  2. 2

    The Home Office, police and other UK law enforcement agencies lead on tackling misuse of controlled drugs in the UK.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareRedirects responsibilityThe respondent said that another organisation was responsible for deciding or taking action.

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Continue enhancing collaborative work across the internet infrastructure community, including private-sector and international law-enforcement partners.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Continued commitment to enhancing collegiate working across internet infrastructure community, including private sector and international law enforcement partners.”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 4 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Keep online safety policy under review and identify areas for further development.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Whilst the majority of the matters of concern raised in your report are not directly within the remit of my department, I would like to thank you again for drawing this to my attention and hope that this response is useful in setting out where the Online Safety Act will offer significant new protections against illegal content and harmful material for children online. The government will continue to keep online safety policy under review and identify areas where we can build on the Act, so it is important for me to be made aware of online safety related Reports to Prevent Future Deaths”

Source location

Response from DSIT
Page 2 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Further information about the provider’s procedures should be obtained from the GMC and GPhC, which may regulate the provider.

Verbatim wording from the response

“To ascertain further details about procedures followed by the provider that prescribed Mr Brazil’s medication, you could directly approach the GMC and GPhC who may have responsibility for their regulation.”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 2 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The Home Office, police and other UK law enforcement agencies lead on tackling misuse of controlled drugs in the UK.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Home Office, including the police and other UK law enforcement agencies, is the lead department for tackling the misuse of controlled drugs in the UK.”

Source location

Response from DHSC
Page 4 · response
Published 25 April 2025

Open published response
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Information checked against the published report and official responses · Data reviewed 7 Sep 2026 · About data quality and limitations

Official responses located
2/3

Data last updated 7 September 2026