Investigation and inquest
On 12th October 2021 an inquest into the death of Ms Katie Horne was opened. She died on 11th April 2020 in King’s College Hospital, London. (case ref: 11833245) The inquest was concluded by me on 10th August 2022 with a conclusion of natural causes.
Circumstances of the death
Ms Katie Horne presented to Princess Royal (PRH) A&E department in Sussex with jaundice on 1st March 2020. She was diagnosed as having hepatitis and investigated as an outpatient. Her liver function tests were monitored and deteriorated. Viral antibody test results available on 9th were not identified by doctors until the 16th when her liver function tests were: bilirubin 493 and ALT 1439 and when a gastroenterologist was first consulted. She was admitted to PRH on 18th due to concerns of incipient liver failure. Her care was reported to and monitored by Kings College Hospital liver unit (KCH) from 18th, but she was not transferred earlier as the first wave of the Covid pandemic limited the capacity of KCH to provide care. Her blood tests showed that liver biopsy was not possible at this stage and on 20th she was begun on steroids on the (correct) assumption she had autoimmune hepatitis, but she proved to be steroid resistant. She was transferred to KCH for consideration of liver transplantation on 24th. By 30th she was found to be Covid positive which according to the best international guidance at the time was a contraindication to transplantation. She developed Covid pneumonitis and died at 05.22 on 11th April.
Coroner’s concerns
Despite multiple attendances as an outpatient with deteriorating hepatitis, it took 15 days for crucial blood test results to be seen by the doctors (in part due to lab backlog but there was no evidence of any doctor prioritising or chasing the results) or for a gastroenterologist to be consulted on care. This led to a liver biopsy not being possible (in part as her blood clotting had deteriorated) and later than necessary commencement of steroid therapy and consequent later referral for liver transplantation at Kings College Hospital.
Although it was suggested that these failures in care were associated with the capacity of the hospital to deliver services in the first wave of the pandemic, there was little evidence to support or refute that.
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