PFD report

Darren Christopher Reilly and Tyler Cox · Prevention of Future Deaths report

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Issued 18 Jul 2025•Hertfordshire

Report record

Published report and response evidence

This page connects the concerns raised in this report with statements found in recipients’ published responses. A link shows a clear evidence connection; it does not assign responsibility.

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Concerns
1

Raised in this report

Recipients
1

Named on the report

Responses found
1

Of 1 recipient

Stated actions
3

Described in responses

Recipients and published responses

Source document

Full report text

This is the full text from the original published report.

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Concerns and recipient responses

Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

Report evidence summary

Concerns raised1

  1. Gap in the safety barrier on the M1 southbound
    Part of recurring concern: Inadequate roadside vehicle-restraint barriers
Responses linked to these concerns

Each statement is shown once, even when linked to more than one concern.

Actions described in response An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.2

  1. Action

    Clear trees within 5 metres of the carriageway edge along this section of the M1.

    Stated by National HighwaysStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 23 July 2025.
  2. Action

    Undertake the Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process to assess the need for vehicle restraint systems or other mitigations at this location.

    Stated by National HighwaysStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 23 July 2025.

Respondent positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when it does not describe a specific action.2

  1. Position

    Existing tree clearance and network safety monitoring are relied upon instead of upgrading vehicle restraint systems as a matter of course.

    Stated by National HighwaysExisting arrangements considered sufficientThe respondent said that existing arrangements were sufficient, so no further action was needed.

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Gap in the safety barrier on the M1 southbound

Wider context from the report

“I heard evidence that along this section of the M1 southbound there are safety barriers to the nearside of the carriageway. It was explained to me that if a vehicle loses control, the safety barrier is designed to prevent a vehicle from leaving the carriageway – the idea being that a vehicle that has lost control will continue along the safety barrier before coming to a more controlled stop, thereby minimising the risk of serious injury of death to passengers. It was further explained to me that this is particularly important when a high-speed carriageway (such as a motorway) is lined with established trees, as is the case here. This is because any vehicle that has lost control and leaves the carriageway is likely to do so at high speed and collide with these established trees. This would likely lead to a very sharp and sudden deceleration, and may cause the vehicle to overturn, which significantly increases the likelihood of serious injury and death to passengers. In this case, I was shown images of the collision scene which depict the presence of safety barriers shortly before and shortly after the collision site. Whilst I heard evidence that, in general, gaps are sometimes inserted in the safety barrier for the purposes of access or due to the presence of other safety measures (e.g. a grassed bank), the witnesses from the Roads Policing Unit could not offer any explanation for why there is a gap in the safety barrier at this location. Consequently, I am concerned that there is a gap in the safety barrier at this location, which for the reasons outlined above gives rise to a risk that future deaths may occur. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Inadequate roadside vehicle-restraint barriers.

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Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Clear trees within 5 metres of the carriageway edge along this section of the M1.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Where vegetation is the only potential hazard in the verge, the risk of vehicles colliding with trees is managed through a programme of tree removal work. Where there is no VRS present we remove any tree within 5m of the carriageway edge. There is a cyclical programme of verge tree clearance that aims to ensure that trees close to the carriageway are regularly removed. Prior to the incident on 1 April 2024, trees at this location were last cleared on 19 February 2024.”

Source location

Response from National Highways Agency
Page 3 · response
Published 23 July 2025

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Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Undertake the Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process to assess the need for vehicle restraint systems or other mitigations at this location.

Verbatim wording from the response

“We will undertake the Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process (RRRAP) in accordance with the requirements of CD 377 to assess the need for VRS, or other mitigations such as additional tree clearance, at this location based on the current technical standards.”

Source location

Response from National Highways Agency
Page 4 · response
Published 23 July 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Existing tree clearance and network safety monitoring are relied upon instead of upgrading vehicle restraint systems as a matter of course.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Where vegetation is the only potential hazard in the verge, the risk of vehicles colliding with trees is managed through a programme of tree removal work. Where there is no VRS present we remove any tree within 5m of the carriageway edge. There is a cyclical programme of verge tree clearance that aims to ensure that trees close to the carriageway are regularly removed. Prior to the incident on 1 April 2024, trees at this location were last cleared on 19 February 2024.”

Source location

Response from National Highways Agency
Page 3 · response
Published 23 July 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The 260-metre barrier gap need not be closed because current CD 377 requirements apply only to gaps shorter than 100 metres.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The standard sets out a risk-based approach to the provision of VRS using an analysis tool known as the Road Restraint Risk Assessment Process (RRRAP).”

Source location

Response from National Highways Agency
Page 3 · response
Published 23 July 2025

Open published response

Other statements in published responses

These actions and other statements could not be clearly connected to one concern in this report.

Recipient-stated actions An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.1

  1. 1

    Report the Road Restraint Risk Assessment findings to the coroner by 13 February 2026.

    Stated by National HighwaysStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 23 July 2025.

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Report the Road Restraint Risk Assessment findings to the coroner by 13 February 2026.

Verbatim wording from the response

“We will complete the planned action before 31 December 2025 and report on our findings to you no later than 13 February 2026.”

Source location

Response from National Highways Agency
Page 4 · response
Published 23 July 2025

Open published response
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Information checked against the published report and official responses · Data reviewed 7 Sep 2026 · About data quality and limitations

Official responses located
1/1

Data last updated 7 September 2026