PFD report

Alex Ganski · Prevention of Future Deaths report

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Issued 26 Mar 2026•West Sussex, Brighton and Hove

Report record

Published report and response evidence

This page connects the concerns raised in this report with statements found in recipients’ published responses. A link shows a clear evidence connection; it does not assign responsibility.

View original report
Concerns
4

Raised in this report

Recipients
1

Named on the report

Responses found
1

Of 1 recipient

Stated actions
11

Described in responses

Recipients and published responses

Source document

Full report text

This is the full text from the original published report.

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Concerns and recipient responses

Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

Report evidence summary

Concerns raised4

  1. Failure to alert relevant providers and assure appropriate follow-up treatment after significant incidents
  2. Lack of an easily recognised national designator for significant wider and historical health and drug-misuse risks
    Part of recurring concern: Failure to communicate clinically important information reliably between care services
  3. Fragmented sharing and updating of health and drug-misuse information across providers
    Part of recurring concern: Failure to communicate clinically important information reliably between care servicesPart of recurring concern: Unreliable inter-agency information sharing for coordinated care
Responses linked to these concerns

Each statement is shown once, even when linked to more than one concern.

Actions described in response An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.6

  1. Action

    Develop and publish guidance on the statutory duty to cooperate between local authorities and NHS bodies.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 2 April 2026.
  2. Action

    Reduce the longest waits for specialist mental health services.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 2 April 2026.
  3. Action

    Strengthen clinical leadership, multiagency working and information sharing through children and young people’s mental health reforms.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 2 April 2026.

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to alert relevant providers and assure appropriate follow-up treatment after significant incidents

Wider context from the report

“The evidence disclosed that whilst there were multiple agencies, organisations and healthcare providers who had been treating or triaging Alex’s mental and physical health conditions, including his misuse of illicit drugs: a. There was no – and nationally there appears to be no - policy, guidance or structure which would enable a designated lead, or ‘single point of contact’ with full oversight of, and (more importantly) authority over, Alex’s care – taking particular account of his young age. b. This represents a ‘care gap’ and missed opportunity whereby a nominated lead could ensure that each incident, attendance, relapse or overdose was alerted to those other agencies, organisations or providers who would need to know or who may benefit from knowing of the occurrence. And then – critically – directing and assuring the right treatment or long-term intervention to follow. c. The sharing and updating of information regarding Alex’s multiple health and drug issues was fragmented, in the absence of clear, national protocols and requirements as to the informing and alerting of new incidents, treatment, or other change in mental or physical health or addiction. d. I was encouraged to learn of the Plexus Care Record initiative in this local area (Plexus Care Record) but the evidence was that this is voluntary, and that not all providers or agencies are able or willing to connect or provide their records and share information. Moreover, I heard evidence that this is a local but not national initiative and hence information and record sharing elsewhere may be worse. As such the situation is ameliorated by local changes but appears to be a wider and national issue. I found that these factors were exacerbated in Alex’s case as a vulnerable 19 year old who had clearly been suffering with poor mental health and drug misuse whilst, and since, a child, noting that he lacked the experience and knowledge to successfully advocate for himself, or insight into his own needs. My further concern is that there was no simple mechanism or designation across the various patient record systems for those who may become involved with Alex, to know of the significant wider and historical health and drug misuse issues, in the absence of his own willingness or ability to fully disclose these at each turn. Especially when he may have been under the influence of substances. This meant repeated opportunities to better address Alex’s serious underlying conditions and issues were not taken. This lack of an easily recognised national designator, shown across systems and records, such as ‘person at [serious] risk’ gives rise to an incomplete understanding of, and risks a failure to sufficiently enquire into, someone’s full condition as and when services become intermittently involved, and creates a risk of further similar deaths. I add that I am very conscious of the Chief Coroner’s guidance to consider what can practically be achieved and not to engage with ‘ideal world’ scenarios, as well as considering the realistic prospect, including on resource grounds, that this report will be acted upon. I respectfully see no such barriers as regards the ‘lead point of contact’. I recognise information sharing will be subject to data protection and handling, consent, privacy and confidentiality issues, but progress has been made locally within existing resource and I consider that these issues need to be better addressed in the national healthcare context, else they will continue to be barriers to preventing deaths, rather than enablers to save lives. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Lack of an easily recognised national designator for significant wider and historical health and drug-misuse risks

Wider context from the report

“The evidence disclosed that whilst there were multiple agencies, organisations and healthcare providers who had been treating or triaging Alex’s mental and physical health conditions, including his misuse of illicit drugs: a. There was no – and nationally there appears to be no - policy, guidance or structure which would enable a designated lead, or ‘single point of contact’ with full oversight of, and (more importantly) authority over, Alex’s care – taking particular account of his young age. b. This represents a ‘care gap’ and missed opportunity whereby a nominated lead could ensure that each incident, attendance, relapse or overdose was alerted to those other agencies, organisations or providers who would need to know or who may benefit from knowing of the occurrence. And then – critically – directing and assuring the right treatment or long-term intervention to follow. c. The sharing and updating of information regarding Alex’s multiple health and drug issues was fragmented, in the absence of clear, national protocols and requirements as to the informing and alerting of new incidents, treatment, or other change in mental or physical health or addiction. d. I was encouraged to learn of the Plexus Care Record initiative in this local area (Plexus Care Record) but the evidence was that this is voluntary, and that not all providers or agencies are able or willing to connect or provide their records and share information. Moreover, I heard evidence that this is a local but not national initiative and hence information and record sharing elsewhere may be worse. As such the situation is ameliorated by local changes but appears to be a wider and national issue. I found that these factors were exacerbated in Alex’s case as a vulnerable 19 year old who had clearly been suffering with poor mental health and drug misuse whilst, and since, a child, noting that he lacked the experience and knowledge to successfully advocate for himself, or insight into his own needs. My further concern is that there was no simple mechanism or designation across the various patient record systems for those who may become involved with Alex, to know of the significant wider and historical health and drug misuse issues, in the absence of his own willingness or ability to fully disclose these at each turn. Especially when he may have been under the influence of substances. This meant repeated opportunities to better address Alex’s serious underlying conditions and issues were not taken. This lack of an easily recognised national designator, shown across systems and records, such as ‘person at [serious] risk’ gives rise to an incomplete understanding of, and risks a failure to sufficiently enquire into, someone’s full condition as and when services become intermittently involved, and creates a risk of further similar deaths. I add that I am very conscious of the Chief Coroner’s guidance to consider what can practically be achieved and not to engage with ‘ideal world’ scenarios, as well as considering the realistic prospect, including on resource grounds, that this report will be acted upon. I respectfully see no such barriers as regards the ‘lead point of contact’. I recognise information sharing will be subject to data protection and handling, consent, privacy and confidentiality issues, but progress has been made locally within existing resource and I consider that these issues need to be better addressed in the national healthcare context, else they will continue to be barriers to preventing deaths, rather than enablers to save lives. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to communicate clinically important information reliably between care services.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Fragmented sharing and updating of health and drug-misuse information across providers

Wider context from the report

“The evidence disclosed that whilst there were multiple agencies, organisations and healthcare providers who had been treating or triaging Alex’s mental and physical health conditions, including his misuse of illicit drugs: a. There was no – and nationally there appears to be no - policy, guidance or structure which would enable a designated lead, or ‘single point of contact’ with full oversight of, and (more importantly) authority over, Alex’s care – taking particular account of his young age. b. This represents a ‘care gap’ and missed opportunity whereby a nominated lead could ensure that each incident, attendance, relapse or overdose was alerted to those other agencies, organisations or providers who would need to know or who may benefit from knowing of the occurrence. And then – critically – directing and assuring the right treatment or long-term intervention to follow. c. The sharing and updating of information regarding Alex’s multiple health and drug issues was fragmented, in the absence of clear, national protocols and requirements as to the informing and alerting of new incidents, treatment, or other change in mental or physical health or addiction. d. I was encouraged to learn of the Plexus Care Record initiative in this local area (Plexus Care Record) but the evidence was that this is voluntary, and that not all providers or agencies are able or willing to connect or provide their records and share information. Moreover, I heard evidence that this is a local but not national initiative and hence information and record sharing elsewhere may be worse. As such the situation is ameliorated by local changes but appears to be a wider and national issue. I found that these factors were exacerbated in Alex’s case as a vulnerable 19 year old who had clearly been suffering with poor mental health and drug misuse whilst, and since, a child, noting that he lacked the experience and knowledge to successfully advocate for himself, or insight into his own needs. My further concern is that there was no simple mechanism or designation across the various patient record systems for those who may become involved with Alex, to know of the significant wider and historical health and drug misuse issues, in the absence of his own willingness or ability to fully disclose these at each turn. Especially when he may have been under the influence of substances. This meant repeated opportunities to better address Alex’s serious underlying conditions and issues were not taken. This lack of an easily recognised national designator, shown across systems and records, such as ‘person at [serious] risk’ gives rise to an incomplete understanding of, and risks a failure to sufficiently enquire into, someone’s full condition as and when services become intermittently involved, and creates a risk of further similar deaths. I add that I am very conscious of the Chief Coroner’s guidance to consider what can practically be achieved and not to engage with ‘ideal world’ scenarios, as well as considering the realistic prospect, including on resource grounds, that this report will be acted upon. I respectfully see no such barriers as regards the ‘lead point of contact’. I recognise information sharing will be subject to data protection and handling, consent, privacy and confidentiality issues, but progress has been made locally within existing resource and I consider that these issues need to be better addressed in the national healthcare context, else they will continue to be barriers to preventing deaths, rather than enablers to save lives. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to communicate clinically important information reliably between care services; Unreliable inter-agency information sharing for coordinated care.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Lack of a designated lead with full oversight and authority over coordinated care

Wider context from the report

“The evidence disclosed that whilst there were multiple agencies, organisations and healthcare providers who had been treating or triaging Alex’s mental and physical health conditions, including his misuse of illicit drugs: a. There was no – and nationally there appears to be no - policy, guidance or structure which would enable a designated lead, or ‘single point of contact’ with full oversight of, and (more importantly) authority over, Alex’s care – taking particular account of his young age. b. This represents a ‘care gap’ and missed opportunity whereby a nominated lead could ensure that each incident, attendance, relapse or overdose was alerted to those other agencies, organisations or providers who would need to know or who may benefit from knowing of the occurrence. And then – critically – directing and assuring the right treatment or long-term intervention to follow. c. The sharing and updating of information regarding Alex’s multiple health and drug issues was fragmented, in the absence of clear, national protocols and requirements as to the informing and alerting of new incidents, treatment, or other change in mental or physical health or addiction. d. I was encouraged to learn of the Plexus Care Record initiative in this local area (Plexus Care Record) but the evidence was that this is voluntary, and that not all providers or agencies are able or willing to connect or provide their records and share information. Moreover, I heard evidence that this is a local but not national initiative and hence information and record sharing elsewhere may be worse. As such the situation is ameliorated by local changes but appears to be a wider and national issue. I found that these factors were exacerbated in Alex’s case as a vulnerable 19 year old who had clearly been suffering with poor mental health and drug misuse whilst, and since, a child, noting that he lacked the experience and knowledge to successfully advocate for himself, or insight into his own needs. My further concern is that there was no simple mechanism or designation across the various patient record systems for those who may become involved with Alex, to know of the significant wider and historical health and drug misuse issues, in the absence of his own willingness or ability to fully disclose these at each turn. Especially when he may have been under the influence of substances. This meant repeated opportunities to better address Alex’s serious underlying conditions and issues were not taken. This lack of an easily recognised national designator, shown across systems and records, such as ‘person at [serious] risk’ gives rise to an incomplete understanding of, and risks a failure to sufficiently enquire into, someone’s full condition as and when services become intermittently involved, and creates a risk of further similar deaths. I add that I am very conscious of the Chief Coroner’s guidance to consider what can practically be achieved and not to engage with ‘ideal world’ scenarios, as well as considering the realistic prospect, including on resource grounds, that this report will be acted upon. I respectfully see no such barriers as regards the ‘lead point of contact’. I recognise information sharing will be subject to data protection and handling, consent, privacy and confidentiality issues, but progress has been made locally within existing resource and I consider that these issues need to be better addressed in the national healthcare context, else they will continue to be barriers to preventing deaths, rather than enablers to save lives. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to maintain clear ownership of multi-agency support and care; Failure to provide continuity of patient care; Unsafe coordination of shared care.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Develop and publish guidance on the statutory duty to cooperate between local authorities and NHS bodies.

Verbatim wording from the response

“These actions include the commitment to publish guidance on the statutory duty to co-operate issued under the Health and Care Act 2012. This guidance, which is currently in development, will define how local authorities and NHS bodies should work together to achieve positive health outcomes for people with co-occurring needs. The duty to co-operate guidance will be supported by an accompanying national standard checklist for joint care planning. DHSC will develop the checklist to support implementation of the duty to co-operate guidance when agreeing care plans. This will enable more consistency between mental health services and drug and alcohol services.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 2 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Reduce the longest waits for specialist mental health services.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Alongside this we are reducing the longest waits for specialist services, embedding mental health support for young people within new Young Futures Hubs, and accelerating the rollout of Mental Health Support Teams across England to reach full national coverage by 2029. These teams are designed to support earlier identification of risk, rapid information-sharing between services and clearer pathways into longer-term support where required.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 3 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Strengthen clinical leadership, multiagency working and information sharing through children and young people’s mental health reforms.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Through our wider children and young people’s mental health reforms, we are working to strengthen clear clinical leadership and oversight, multiagency working, and information sharing, so that no child falls through gaps between services.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 3 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Share the draft Personalised Care Framework with NHS organisations ahead of publication.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Personalised Care Framework also looks to improve continuity, clarity and safety by ensuring people experiencing serious mental illness have a named professional coordinating their care, a care plan that reflects their needs now, quicker re-access to support when things deteriorate, and more consistent standards of good care wherever they live. The Personalised Care Framework has been shared in draft with NHS organisations ahead of its expected publication.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 3 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Accelerate rollout of Mental Health Support Teams across England toward full national coverage.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Alongside this we are reducing the longest waits for specialist services, embedding mental health support for young people within new Young Futures Hubs, and accelerating the rollout of Mental Health Support Teams across England to reach full national coverage by 2029. These teams are designed to support earlier identification of risk, rapid information-sharing between services and clearer pathways into longer-term support where required.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 3 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Work with NHS England and sector partners to overcome barriers to data sharing between services.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Regarding your concerns raised in relation to sharing information and data between services and clinicians, the delivery framework also states that all service providers need to work together with all relevant local services to agree data sharing arrangements that reflect the needs of people with a co-occurring mental health and substance use need. This is also in line with the NICE guidance recommendations on information sharing, 1.4.6 and 1.4.7. Work is ongoing alongside NHSE and sector partners to overcome barriers to data sharing between services.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 3 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Other statements in published responses

These actions and other statements could not be clearly connected to one concern in this report.

Recipient-stated actions An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.5

  1. 1

    Develop bespoke transition guidance for under-18 patients in the revised Mental Health Act Code of Practice.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 2 April 2026.
  2. 2

    Embed mental health support for young people within new Young Futures Hubs.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 2 April 2026.
  3. 3

    Publish the national Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Delivery Framework.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 2 April 2026.
  4. 4

    Test the children’s and young people’s intensive mental health service specification using existing resources before publication and implementation decisions.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 2 April 2026.
  5. 5

    Develop a national standard checklist for joint care planning to support implementation of the duty to cooperate guidance.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 2 April 2026.

Recipient positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when they do not describe a specific action.2

  1. 1

    Concerns about the absence of national guidance for frontline emergency crews should be addressed by NHS England.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareRedirects responsibilityThe respondent said that another organisation was responsible for deciding or taking action.
  2. 2

    Full implementation of the developmental intensive mental health service specification is subject to funding.

    Stated by Department of Health and Social CareUnable to actThe respondent said that a constraint prevented them from taking the relevant action.

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Develop bespoke transition guidance for under-18 patients in the revised Mental Health Act Code of Practice.

Verbatim wording from the response

“We also recognise the importance of continuity of care during the transition to adult services. As such, we expect to develop bespoke guidance in the revised Mental Health Act Code of Practice on the care and treatment of patients who are under 18. This will account for the specific needs and vulnerabilities of this cohort and will cover the critical issue of transition to adult services.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 3 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Embed mental health support for young people within new Young Futures Hubs.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Alongside this we are reducing the longest waits for specialist services, embedding mental health support for young people within new Young Futures Hubs, and accelerating the rollout of Mental Health Support Teams across England to reach full national coverage by 2029. These teams are designed to support earlier identification of risk, rapid information-sharing between services and clearer pathways into longer-term support where required.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 3 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Publish the national Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Delivery Framework.

Verbatim wording from the response

“We know that people with co-occurring substance use and mental health needs too often do not receive the integrated, person-centred care they require and deserve. I want to assure you that the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) is taking action on this important issue to improve the standards of care and integration of services for those with co-occurring substance use and mental health needs. In December 2025, DHSC and NHS England (NHSE) jointly published the Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Delivery framework: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/co-occurring-mental-health-and-substance-use-delivery-framework.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 2 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Test the children’s and young people’s intensive mental health service specification using existing resources before publication and implementation decisions.

Verbatim wording from the response

“transfer or discharge a young person at their 18th birthday. This decision will be based upon the view of the clinical team, and if they believe that the young person is receiving appropriate therapeutic care which would be disrupted by a transition to other services; then until that period of care is completed and the appropriate arrangements are in place they can remain in children and young people’s services. The developmental service specification is currently being tested using existing resources, with the aim of learning from this phase before full publication and onward implementation, subject to funding.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 4 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Develop a national standard checklist for joint care planning to support implementation of the duty to cooperate guidance.

Verbatim wording from the response

“These actions include the commitment to publish guidance on the statutory duty to co-operate issued under the Health and Care Act 2012. This guidance, which is currently in development, will define how local authorities and NHS bodies should work together to achieve positive health outcomes for people with co-occurring needs. The duty to co-operate guidance will be supported by an accompanying national standard checklist for joint care planning. DHSC will develop the checklist to support implementation of the duty to co-operate guidance when agreeing care plans. This will enable more consistency between mental health services and drug and alcohol services.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 2 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Concerns about the absence of national guidance for frontline emergency crews should be addressed by NHS England.

Verbatim wording from the response

“In preparing this response, my officials have made enquiries with NHS England and the Care Quality Commission to ensure we adequately address your concerns. Upon reviewing your report, our NHSE colleagues felt it was more appropriate to reply directly to you as you had raised the concerns that the absence of any national guidance/advice to frontline emergency crews. You may want to address your report to NHSE, so that they can also address your concerns. I have asked to see a copy of their reply.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 4 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Full implementation of the developmental intensive mental health service specification is subject to funding.

Verbatim wording from the response

“transfer or discharge a young person at their 18th birthday. This decision will be based upon the view of the clinical team, and if they believe that the young person is receiving appropriate therapeutic care which would be disrupted by a transition to other services; then until that period of care is completed and the appropriate arrangements are in place they can remain in children and young people’s services. The developmental service specification is currently being tested using existing resources, with the aim of learning from this phase before full publication and onward implementation, subject to funding.”

Source location

Response from Department of Health and Social Care
Page 4 · response
Published 2 April 2026

Open published response
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Information checked against the published report and official responses · Data reviewed 7 Sep 2026 · About data quality and limitations

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Data last updated 7 September 2026