PFD report

Bryan Herbert Whitby · Prevention of Future Deaths report

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Issued 25 Mar 2015•Manchester South

Report record

Published report and response evidence

This page connects the concerns raised in this report with statements found in recipients’ published responses. A link shows a clear evidence connection; it does not assign responsibility.

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Concerns
11

Raised in this report

Recipients
2

Named on the report

Responses found
2

Of 2 recipients

Stated actions
10

Described in responses

Source document

Full report text

This is the full text from the original published report.

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Concerns and recipient responses

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Report evidence summary

Concerns raised11

  1. Failure of biochemistry laboratories to escalate blood test results
    Part of recurring concern: Failure to ensure clinical investigation results are reliably available, interpreted and acted uponPart of recurring concern: Unreliable monitoring and follow-up of clinically required laboratory tests
  2. Failure to provide radiologists with current blood results before scanning
    Part of recurring concern: Failure to ensure clinical investigation results are reliably available, interpreted and acted upon
  3. Insufficient critical care nurse capacity for immediate High Dependency Unit transfer
    Part of recurring concern: Insufficient qualified healthcare staffing capacity
Responses linked to these concerns

Each statement is shown once, even when linked to more than one concern.

Actions described in response An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.9

  1. Action

    Review the practice policy for allocating and checking incoming test results in light of the case.

    Stated by Davyhulme Medical CentreStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 25 March 2015.
  2. Action

    Have all practice GPs read NICE guidance on acute kidney injury to improve management and awareness.

    Stated by Davyhulme Medical CentreStated plannedThe respondent said that this action was planned when they made their response on 25 March 2015.
  3. Action

    Implement and disseminate acute kidney injury guidelines through Acute Medical Unit displays and the locum doctor handbook.

    Stated by Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 25 March 2015.

Respondent positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when it does not describe a specific action.5

  1. Position

    The practice relies on the laboratory to telephone urgent abnormal results, which are passed to the on-call doctor and dealt with that day.

    Stated by Davyhulme Medical CentreExisting arrangements considered sufficientThe respondent said that existing arrangements were sufficient, so no further action was needed.

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure of biochemistry laboratories to escalate blood test results

Wider context from the report

“4. The results of the blood tests on the 6th May should have resulted in urgent discussion with the deceased’s GP or the deceased himself. There was no escalation of these results by the biochemistry laboratory. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to ensure clinical investigation results are reliably available, interpreted and acted upon; Unreliable monitoring and follow-up of clinically required laboratory tests.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to provide radiologists with current blood results before scanning

Wider context from the report

“2. Blood tests taken on the 2nd May were not escalated by the GP or the pathology laboratory and the scan on the 3rd May went ahead whilst he was still receiving metformin medication. The radiologist carrying out the scan did not have access to his blood results from the 2nd May and simply went off the results from the GP referral some time ago. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to ensure clinical investigation results are reliably available, interpreted and acted upon.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Insufficient critical care nurse capacity for immediate High Dependency Unit transfer

Wider context from the report

“7. The Inquest also heard evidence that Mr Whitby required transfer to the High Dependency Unit but this could not take place immediately as two critical care nurses were required and one had been sent to Manchester Royal Infirmary as was the practice if there were no patients in the HDU at the start of their shift. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Insufficient qualified healthcare staffing capacity.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to manage metformin medication before CT scanning

Wider context from the report

“2. Blood tests taken on the 2nd May were not escalated by the GP or the pathology laboratory and the scan on the 3rd May went ahead whilst he was still receiving metformin medication. The radiologist carrying out the scan did not have access to his blood results from the 2nd May and simply went off the results from the GP referral some time ago. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to record who requested further blood tests

Wider context from the report

“3. There is no record of who requested further blood tests on the 6th May. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable clinical and care records.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure of treating medical staff to recognise serious medical conditions

Wider context from the report

“6. When he was admitted into hospital there was a failure by the treating medical staff to recognise his serious medical condition and then a failure to carry out the required medical treatment. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to escalate blood test results

Wider context from the report

“2. Blood tests taken on the 2nd May were not escalated by the GP or the pathology laboratory and the scan on the 3rd May went ahead whilst he was still receiving metformin medication. The radiologist carrying out the scan did not have access to his blood results from the 2nd May and simply went off the results from the GP referral some time ago. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to ensure clinical investigation results are reliably available, interpreted and acted upon.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to carry out required medical treatment

Wider context from the report

“6. When he was admitted into hospital there was a failure by the treating medical staff to recognise his serious medical condition and then a failure to carry out the required medical treatment. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure of GP practices to know the timing of referred CT scans

Wider context from the report

“1. The deceased had been unwell for some time and had a history of Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3. He had been referred for a CT scan but the GP Practice were not aware of the date of the scan or that this would take place on the 3rd May. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

No recurring-concern membership is currently published.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Delays in recognising serious blood-test results

Wider context from the report

“5. Despite the blood results, the deceased was not admitted to hospital as an emergency and there was a delay in recognising the seriousness of these results. I had given evidence that training for junior members of staff on acute kidney injury has now been delivered. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to ensure clinical investigation results are reliably available, interpreted and acted upon; Unreliable monitoring and follow-up of clinically required laboratory tests.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to admit patients as emergencies despite serious blood-test results

Wider context from the report

“5. Despite the blood results, the deceased was not admitted to hospital as an emergency and there was a delay in recognising the seriousness of these results. I had given evidence that training for junior members of staff on acute kidney injury has now been delivered. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to ensure clinical investigation results are reliably available, interpreted and acted upon; Unreliable monitoring and follow-up of clinically required laboratory tests.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Review the practice policy for allocating and checking incoming test results in light of the case.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Mr Whitby’s case was discussed at a Significant Event meeting at the practice and has been further discussed by the GP’s and managers in recent weeks. Attached is a bullet point list of the actions that we have and will undertake related to this. In line with normal practice across the Primary care sector we have not in the past had a policy of checking every result on the day that it arrives. We have felt that there was a strong argument to maintain a level of continuity of care with results being seen by the GP who has ordered them but we have now reviewed this policy in light of Mr Whitby’s case.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Davyhulme-Medical-Centre
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Have all practice GPs read NICE guidance on acute kidney injury to improve management and awareness.

Verbatim wording from the response

“It was also clarified that as a practice we are not able to see results put on to the hospital system automatically unless we search for them on a named patient basis. We do not automatically know about abnormal results in the hospital therefore. In fact ████████ who noted the abnormal results did ring the medical registrar to obtain further advice. As a result of the significant event meeting it was agreed that all GP’s would read the NICE Guidance on acute kidney injury to improve our management and awareness of this condition in the future. The need to consider stopping medication potentially toxic to the kidney in high risk patients was highlighted, as was the need to check blood results on a daily basis to avoid missing abnormal results.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Davyhulme-Medical-Centre
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Implement and disseminate acute kidney injury guidelines through Acute Medical Unit displays and the locum doctor handbook.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Trust's AKI guidelines, which support the recognition of severity and the management of AKI in line with NICE guidance August 2013, have been fully implemented and are clearly displayed on the Information Board and in the Doctors' office on the AMU. The guidelines are also now included in the Handbook provided to Locum Doctors.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Check for later renal-function results before administering intravenous contrast to patients with known chronic kidney disease.

Verbatim wording from the response

“As a result of this incident, the Radiology Department have reviewed their practice in relation to the timing and assessment of renal function prior to intravenous contrast administration. Following this review they have implemented a process to check for any later results prior to giving contrast injections for CT scans as a routine protocol for all patients with known CKD.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Maintain two critical care nurses on the Trafford site at all times for High Dependency Unit transfers and care.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Since the date of the incident regarding the transfer of Mr Whitby to the High Dependency Unit, two Critical Care Nurses have been on site at Trafford at all times. The Critical Care Service has recently reviewed the use of Trafford's High Dependency Unit and is widening the scope for the type of patients who can be nursed there in the future. This means that not only will the Critical Care Nurses be based on the Trafford site – they will be based at all times on the High Dependency Unit.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 3 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Lower the creatinine alert threshold to 400 µmol/L and telephone qualifying results on the same day.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Mr Whitby's blood results were not escalated by the Chemical Pathology Laboratory on 06 May 2014 as the 500umol/L threshold followed in the Laboratory at that time for Creatinine had not been breached. Chemical Pathology have now lowered the telephoning limit for Creatinine results from 500umol/L to 400umol/L and these results are telephoned through on the same day.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Deliver acute kidney injury recognition and management training for junior and other relevant staff.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Despite blood results, Mr Whitby was not admitted to hospital as an emergency and there was a delay in recognising the seriousness of these results. Training for junior members of staff on AKI has now been delivered.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Disseminate the case and its lessons through staff debriefing, Medical Grand Round and divisional audit and clinical effectiveness presentations.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Medical and nursing staff on the Acute Medical Unit attended a debriefing session to discuss the care and treatment of Mr Whitby and the lessons learned. His case was also presented to medical staff at a Medical Grand Round and was presented more widely at the Divisional Audit and Clinical Effectiveness (ACE) day on 17 October 2014. The case was presented by ████████ Consultant, who discussed the missed opportunities and the chain of events. The presentation of Mr Whitby's case was followed by a presentation by ████████ Consultant in Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, who explained to staff how the Trust is tackling AKI. ████████ explained how AKI was a safety priority for the Trust and also explained the role of the Renal team and of the AKI Specialist Nurses.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 3 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Implement the Trust-wide acute kidney injury alert system, with same-day telephone escalation for Stage 3 alerts and case-by-case review of Stage 1 and 2 alerts.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Consultant Chemical Pathologist, ████████ and ████████, Chief Biomedical Scientist in Chemical Pathology, have confirmed that a review of the processes for urgently notifying GPs of abnormal test results has been undertaken. On 09 March 2015, the Biochemistry Department went live with an Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) alert system. In future all Stage 3 alerts will be telephoned as soon as possible on the same day. Stage 1 and 2 alerts will be reviewed on a case by case basis.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The practice relies on the laboratory to telephone urgent abnormal results, which are passed to the on-call doctor and dealt with that day.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The practice relies upon the lab to phone through any abnormal results if urgent attention is required. These are then passed onto the on call doctor and are dealt with on the day. It was not felt practical to be able to guarantee to check all results as they come in continuously. Neither this nor the subsequent kidney function result was phoned through as urgent. We understood from the hospital critical incident report that the lab at Trafford General was aware of this and would be reviewing this system. It was also felt that in view of a previous drop in renal function to a lower level of 34, which had subsequently recovered, most of the GP’s felt they would have arranged to repeat the blood test in the first instance.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Davyhulme-Medical-Centre
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The practice cannot automatically see hospital results and would need to search for them using a named-patient basis.

Verbatim wording from the response

“It was also clarified that as a practice we are not able to see results put on to the hospital system automatically unless we search for them on a named patient basis. We do not automatically know about abnormal results in the hospital therefore. In fact ████████ who noted the abnormal results did ring the medical registrar to obtain further advice. As a result of the significant event meeting it was agreed that all GP’s would read the NICE Guidance on acute kidney injury to improve our management and awareness of this condition in the future. The need to consider stopping medication potentially toxic to the kidney in high risk patients was highlighted, as was the need to check blood results on a daily basis to avoid missing abnormal results.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Davyhulme-Medical-Centre
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The practice considers it impractical to guarantee that all results are checked continuously as they arrive.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The practice relies upon the lab to phone through any abnormal results if urgent attention is required. These are then passed onto the on call doctor and are dealt with on the day. It was not felt practical to be able to guarantee to check all results as they come in continuously. Neither this nor the subsequent kidney function result was phoned through as urgent. We understood from the hospital critical incident report that the lab at Trafford General was aware of this and would be reviewing this system. It was also felt that in view of a previous drop in renal function to a lower level of 34, which had subsequently recovered, most of the GP’s felt they would have arranged to repeat the blood test in the first instance.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Davyhulme-Medical-Centre
Page 2 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

The recorded eGFR was within relevant guidance thresholds, so the contrast scan and Metformin use did not indicate concern.

Verbatim wording from the response

“At this time, the eGFR result was 71 and there was no indication in the information the Radiology Department received that there was any concern over Mr Whitby's renal status. The Surgeon recorded on the referral form for the CT scan with contrast that Mr Whitby's eGFR was 71 and that he was taking Metformin for his Type II diabetes. These eGFR results did not cause concern as they were well within the Royal College of Radiologists and NICE guidance for giving contrast which is 50 for intravenous contrast and 60 for stopping Metformin.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 1 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Radiology need not routinely notify GPs of scan dates or results; the specialist communicates the complete investigation outcome afterward.

Verbatim wording from the response

“The Directorate Manager for Radiology has advised that Radiology would not normally inform a GP of scan dates or send the results to them unless they were the referring Clinician. The scan was requested on 29 April 2014 by ████████ Surgical Registrar, in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) clinic.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 1 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response

Other statements in published responses

These actions and other statements could not be clearly connected to one concern in this report.

Recipient-stated actions An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.1

  1. 1

    Widen the range of patients who can be nursed in Trafford's High Dependency Unit.

    Stated by Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 25 March 2015.

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Widen the range of patients who can be nursed in Trafford's High Dependency Unit.

Verbatim wording from the response

“Since the date of the incident regarding the transfer of Mr Whitby to the High Dependency Unit, two Critical Care Nurses have been on site at Trafford at all times. The Critical Care Service has recently reviewed the use of Trafford's High Dependency Unit and is widening the scope for the type of patients who can be nursed there in the future. This means that not only will the Critical Care Nurses be based on the Trafford site – they will be based at all times on the High Dependency Unit.”

Source location

2015-0121-Response-by-Central-Manchester-University-Hospital
Page 3 · response
Published 25 March 2015

Open published response
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Data last updated 7 September 2026