PFD report

Callum James Hargreaves · Prevention of Future Deaths report

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Issued 29 May 2025•Cornwall and Isles of Scilly

Report record

Published report and response evidence

This page connects the concerns raised in this report with statements found in recipients’ published responses. A link shows a clear evidence connection; it does not assign responsibility.

View original report
Concerns
3

Raised in this report

Recipients
1

Named on the report

Responses found
1

Of 1 recipient

Stated actions
11

Described in responses

Source document

Full report text

This is the full text from the original published report.

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Concerns and recipient responses

Select any concern, action or position to view the source wording.

Report evidence summary

Concerns raised3

  1. Failure to explore or test a capacitated patient's refusal to disclose information to a potentially protective relative
    Part of recurring concern: Unsafe management of refusal of necessary care or protective action
  2. Failure to record the rationale for mental health assessment decisions
    Part of recurring concern: Failure to reliably document the rationale for consequential decisionsPart of recurring concern: Unreliable recording of safety-critical mental health information
  3. Failure to complete Nearest Relative details on the MH 1
    Part of recurring concern: Incomplete recording of legally relevant relative details in mental-health recordsPart of recurring concern: Unreliable Mental Health Act assessment documentationPart of recurring concern: Unreliable Mental Health Act nearest-relative decision safeguards
Responses linked to these concerns

Each statement is shown once, even when linked to more than one concern.

Respondent positions A position is what a recipient says about a concern when it does not describe a specific action.1

  1. Position

    Confidentiality duties and case-by-case clinical risk assessment determine whether refusal to share information should be explored or overridden.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustExisting arrangements considered sufficientThe respondent said that existing arrangements were sufficient, so no further action was needed.

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to explore or test a capacitated patient's refusal to disclose information to a potentially protective relative

Wider context from the report

“I accepted independent expert evidence that the mental health act assessment had been thorough and appropriately concluded there were no grounds in law for detaining Callum. Additionally, I accepted evidence given by the clinicians that while NICE guidance did allow for short-term admissions to manage a period of crisis in a patient presenting with complex PTSD/EUPD, that was not indicated here. It was identified that the rationale for reaching that decision was not recorded in the notes. This is a matter I have taken up separately with those responsible for the AMHP. 1) It was accepted in evidence that, owing to the decisions made by Callum, there were only limited options available to the clinicians. Of note, an offer to have personal follow-up by one of the clinicians involved in the assessment through the HTT was rejected. Additionally, the possibility of prescribing additional Diazepam was correctly discounted once it became evident Callum was already sourcing illicitly more than could be prescribed safely. 2) Callum refused permission for his mother (described as his rock) to be informed of his imminent discharge. On her evidence, she had been (wrongly) advised by police that her son would be detained and was safe. There was no evidence that this decision by Callum was explored or tested by the clinicians – instead it simply appeared to have been accepted by the clinicians without further enquiry. The independent expert was of the view that in a situation like this, where the assessing team had very few ‘levers’ available to it, Callum’s mother was potentially one that could and should have been explored further. It was noted that GMC guidance allows for further enquiry, specifically that 58. If an adult patient who has capacity to make the decision refuses to consent to information being disclosed that you consider necessary for their protection, you should explore their reasons for this. It may be appropriate to encourage the patient to consent to the disclosure and to warn them of the risks of refusing to consent. It was noted that the Nearest Relative’s details appeared not to have been completed on the MH 1. Again, this is a matter that has been brought to the attention of those responsible for the AMHP. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Unsafe management of refusal of necessary care or protective action.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to record the rationale for mental health assessment decisions

Wider context from the report

“I accepted independent expert evidence that the mental health act assessment had been thorough and appropriately concluded there were no grounds in law for detaining Callum. Additionally, I accepted evidence given by the clinicians that while NICE guidance did allow for short-term admissions to manage a period of crisis in a patient presenting with complex PTSD/EUPD, that was not indicated here. It was identified that the rationale for reaching that decision was not recorded in the notes. This is a matter I have taken up separately with those responsible for the AMHP. 1) It was accepted in evidence that, owing to the decisions made by Callum, there were only limited options available to the clinicians. Of note, an offer to have personal follow-up by one of the clinicians involved in the assessment through the HTT was rejected. Additionally, the possibility of prescribing additional Diazepam was correctly discounted once it became evident Callum was already sourcing illicitly more than could be prescribed safely. 2) Callum refused permission for his mother (described as his rock) to be informed of his imminent discharge. On her evidence, she had been (wrongly) advised by police that her son would be detained and was safe. There was no evidence that this decision by Callum was explored or tested by the clinicians – instead it simply appeared to have been accepted by the clinicians without further enquiry. The independent expert was of the view that in a situation like this, where the assessing team had very few ‘levers’ available to it, Callum’s mother was potentially one that could and should have been explored further. It was noted that GMC guidance allows for further enquiry, specifically that 58. If an adult patient who has capacity to make the decision refuses to consent to information being disclosed that you consider necessary for their protection, you should explore their reasons for this. It may be appropriate to encourage the patient to consent to the disclosure and to warn them of the risks of refusing to consent. It was noted that the Nearest Relative’s details appeared not to have been completed on the MH 1. Again, this is a matter that has been brought to the attention of those responsible for the AMHP. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Failure to reliably document the rationale for consequential decisions; Unreliable recording of safety-critical mental health information.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this individual concern was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the report wording shown below. Response links show a clear evidence connection; they do not assign responsibility.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Failure to complete Nearest Relative details on the MH 1

Wider context from the report

“I accepted independent expert evidence that the mental health act assessment had been thorough and appropriately concluded there were no grounds in law for detaining Callum. Additionally, I accepted evidence given by the clinicians that while NICE guidance did allow for short-term admissions to manage a period of crisis in a patient presenting with complex PTSD/EUPD, that was not indicated here. It was identified that the rationale for reaching that decision was not recorded in the notes. This is a matter I have taken up separately with those responsible for the AMHP. 1) It was accepted in evidence that, owing to the decisions made by Callum, there were only limited options available to the clinicians. Of note, an offer to have personal follow-up by one of the clinicians involved in the assessment through the HTT was rejected. Additionally, the possibility of prescribing additional Diazepam was correctly discounted once it became evident Callum was already sourcing illicitly more than could be prescribed safely. 2) Callum refused permission for his mother (described as his rock) to be informed of his imminent discharge. On her evidence, she had been (wrongly) advised by police that her son would be detained and was safe. There was no evidence that this decision by Callum was explored or tested by the clinicians – instead it simply appeared to have been accepted by the clinicians without further enquiry. The independent expert was of the view that in a situation like this, where the assessing team had very few ‘levers’ available to it, Callum’s mother was potentially one that could and should have been explored further. It was noted that GMC guidance allows for further enquiry, specifically that 58. If an adult patient who has capacity to make the decision refuses to consent to information being disclosed that you consider necessary for their protection, you should explore their reasons for this. It may be appropriate to encourage the patient to consent to the disclosure and to warn them of the risks of refusing to consent. It was noted that the Nearest Relative’s details appeared not to have been completed on the MH 1. Again, this is a matter that has been brought to the attention of those responsible for the AMHP. ”

Is this part of a recurring concern?

Yes — Incomplete recording of legally relevant relative details in mental-health records; Unreliable Mental Health Act assessment documentation; Unreliable Mental Health Act nearest-relative decision safeguards.

Open source report

Source evidence

How this respondent position was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Confidentiality duties and case-by-case clinical risk assessment determine whether refusal to share information should be explored or overridden.

Verbatim wording from the response

“It is important that contact with family is balanced against the wishes of the patient in cases where their level of risk is not such that there are grounds to override confidentiality, or them expressly declining consent to share information. Where a patient is detained under the Mental Health Act, and therefore there is a compulsory admission to hospital, there is an obligation upon the Approved Mental Health Practitioner to contact their next of kin to inform them of this fact. In cases where a patient does not meet the criteria for detention, and they are not admitted to a ward, a clinical judgement needs to be applied to determine whether their level of risk justifies going against any wishes regarding information sharing. In most patients who would not be deemed detainable under the Mental Health Act, it is unlikely that there would be such grounds to breach confidentiality.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 3 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Other statements in published responses

These actions and other statements could not be clearly connected to one concern in this report.

Recipient-stated actions An action is something a recipient says it has done, is doing, or plans to do in response to a concern raised.11

  1. 1

    Provide carers with admission information packs in person or by post.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  2. 2

    Trial a carers audit documenting weekly contact, information-sharing consent, carers’ views, discharge planning and relevant incidents.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  3. 3

    Operate a working group to consider how to improve carers’ experience.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  4. 4

    Embed family and carer involvement in ward culture and report it at monthly performance meetings.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  5. 5

    Use daily priority meetings to allocate staff responsibility for contacting carers and families.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  6. 6

    Invite carers to 72-hour formulation meetings to discuss concerns and inform risk and premorbid assessments.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  7. 7

    Enable remote family attendance at clinical review meetings using assistive technology.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  8. 8

    Operate the Trust-wide Carers Corner forum to support carers.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  9. 9

    Schedule clinical review meetings one week in advance so families and carers can participate.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  10. 10

    Publish Carers Corner meeting dates.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated in progressThe respondent said that this action was in progress when they made their response on 9 June 2025.
  11. 11

    Assign an identified carers lead to each ward.

    Stated by Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation TrustStated completedThe respondent said that this action was complete when they made their response on 9 June 2025.

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Provide carers with admission information packs in person or by post.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Inpatient services have worked alongside carers to improve the information we provide at the point of admission, and we have processes in place to ensure that carers receive an information pack either in person, or through the post at the point that their loved one is admitted to the ward.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Trial a carers audit documenting weekly contact, information-sharing consent, carers’ views, discharge planning and relevant incidents.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• We are trialling a carers audit to improve carer engagement, ensuring weekly contact is documented, and consent to share information is fully documented and continually updated on RiO. This audit also checks whether carers views are documented regarding care and treatment, discharge planning, and ensuring that any incidents of note are shared depending on consent.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Operate a working group to consider how to improve carers’ experience.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Each ward has an identified carers lead, and a working group has been established to consider how best to improve carer experience.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Embed family and carer involvement in ward culture and report it at monthly performance meetings.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Family and carer involvement is embedded in the culture of the wards and is reported on and discussed at monthly performance meetings.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Use daily priority meetings to allocate staff responsibility for contacting carers and families.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Our daily priority meetings highlight those patients that require carer support or input, allowing the nurse in charge the opportunity to allocate a staff member the responsibility to make contact with carers and families.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Invite carers to 72-hour formulation meetings to discuss concerns and inform risk and premorbid assessments.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Carers are also invited to the 72-hour formulation meetings, allowing them the opportunity to talk about their concerns and worries and for the mental health team to get a good sense of risks and pre morbid presentation.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 3 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Enable remote family attendance at clinical review meetings using assistive technology.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Our inpatient environments now have assistive technology enabling remote attendance at clinical review meetings to improve family engagement with the admission and discharge process.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Operate the Trust-wide Carers Corner forum to support carers.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• The Trust has a ‘Carers Corner’ which is a forum specifically set up to support carers. This is a Trust wide initiative, although carers of patients on mental”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Schedule clinical review meetings one week in advance so families and carers can participate.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Clinical review meetings are scheduled a week in advance giving family and carers the opportunity to link in with the ward team.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Publish Carers Corner meeting dates.

Verbatim wording from the response

“health wards can attend the forum and we are publishing the dates when they meet.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 3 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response

Source evidence

How this respondent action was interpreted

PFD Monitor created a concise, searchable interpretation from the published response wording shown below.

PFD Monitor interpretation

Assign an identified carers lead to each ward.

Verbatim wording from the response

“• Each ward has an identified carers lead, and a working group has been established to consider how best to improve carer experience.”

Source location

Response from Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust
Page 2 · response
Published 9 June 2025

Open published response
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Information checked against the published report and official responses · Data reviewed 7 Sep 2026 · About data quality and limitations

Official responses located
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Data last updated 7 September 2026