Investigation and inquest
On 20 May 2025 I commenced an investigation into the death of Celia Marion PHILLIPS. The investigation concluded at the end of the inquest . The conclusion of the inquest was; Died from natural causes contributed to by a malfunctioning ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.
Circumstances of the death
The deceased had a complex medical history including normal pressure hydrocephalus, for which a Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was inserted in October 2023 and revised in February 2024. In January 2025 she was hospitalised with discharge to a rehabilitation unit, following which she was discharged home with carers visiting four times a day due to her being bed bound. On the 27th April 2025, following a period of deterioration, the deceased was admitted to Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham suffering from a probable chest infection, acute kidney injury and dehydration. CT imaging revealed a fractured shunt and increased ventricular volume following which a visual examination undertaken by the neurosurgical team discovered that the shunt had eroded through the skin and was visible, with some 6cm of tubing protruding. The erosion and protrusion had not been noted prior to this examination, either prior to her admission to hospital by family or carers or by hospital staff who saw her earlier on 27th April. Despite treatment the deceased continued to deteriorate and died on ward 513 on the 1st May 2025 at 12.03. Whilst the shunt malfunction and resultant protrusion did not directly cause her death it contributed to her neurological decline predisposing the deceased to infection and dehydration. The protruding shunt had been hidden by the deceased's hair and was not obviously visible.
Based on information from the Deceased’s treating clinicians the medical cause of death was determined to be:
1a Multiple Organ Failure
1b Sepsis of Unknown Origin
1c
1d
II Malfunctioning Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt (For Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus), Chronic Kidney Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Frailty
Coroner’s concerns
1. The deceased was bed bound.
2. On the 12th March the deceased's GP documented that she had pressure sores and stressed the importance of frequent repositioning, noting that she had carers who attended four times a day.
3. In both written, oral and documentary evidence provided by the carers there was no indication that repositioning had been undertaken; that there was any understanding of the need for repositioning to mitigate against the development of pressure sores; or that there had been training on pressure scores, skin assessment or re-positioning.
4. Whilst not causative of or contributory to death when admitted to hospital on the 27th April 2025 it was noted that the deceased had a DTI and a grade 1 pressure sore.